نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1389)

Ecotourism is the branch of tourism but recognizing of its border with tourism is not consider easy because of absent precise definition, In order to achieving success ecotourism it should pass constant development.Access to constant development is related to economic, social, culture, environment, ecology aspect in society and tourism as effective activity on all of these aspects require suding. In this research consider constant development in rural and urban with explaining common elementsconcepts of constant development in different view. This studu show that beneficiary process, in this time, from nature is beyond from capacity of environment and there is fear from serious damage and destroy of nature and also economy.

Regional distinctions and differences in Ardebil province especially at rural points, as a problem causes the local planners and supervisors decide to allocate finite resources according to relative abilities and advantages of regions. Non-recognition of different status and sites of province scientifically requires for attention to existing abilities in geographical points of province.Regarding above points and considering existing limits in the province , the current research levels the rural regions of  Ardebil province within framework of statistical concepts and techniques of regional development.In this respect, the results got which has determined by using 26 economical, social and cultural index, show that the rural regions of 8 geographical districts in Ardebil province are Relatively Developed and 7 regions of province are Developing and 2 regions of Khoresh Rostam and Shahrood (lmamrood) affiliated to Khalkhal have been located at the category of Undeveloped regions that this significant fact can be considered by the authorities in short-term and long-term plannings.In this direction, in second stage of this research, assessment of undeveloped regions who enjoy special priority, is considered for systematic description of geographical factors such as natural and human factors and its different regions are influenced by above information according to its status that is mentioned in chapter of this researches.

Land use planning is type of use, distribution and protection of land. This type of planning can studied in deferent point of view, for instance sustainable development is one of most acceptable appointment in land use planning. In this research we have tried to study and evaluate the land use planning in city of Tabriz according to sustainable development criteria. In this study we have suggested coordinating or non coordinating of land use planning with sustainable development in Tabriz for 5 years since 2004-2008. our methodology and technique followed of document analysis. In this research All of data are documented and consist of approvals in commission of article of 5 of urban planning low. in result we suggest that the land use planning in Tabriz is not perfectly according to sustainable planning criteria.

Importance of social development  national economy inevitably based on the potential of each country and its various capabilities can be built. Conceptual development is large and comprehensive social welfare indicators anatomist it. If regional development is as an approach to strengthen the national development must be defined. As part of the document developed years ago with twenty years of eye size in 1404 announced his realistic approach to development and social transformation, economic, political and cultural basis of the work has therefore been tried in this article according to key Question: "How appropriate mechanisms of regional development potential be identified?" In analyzing the potential for knowledge-based infrastructure Astara city system based on general policies with regional development policy analysis is discussed. Using an interactive model of regional development factors and utilization of regional development indicators to this question has been answered as a result of the overall foundation of the knowledge economy, regional integration and regional indicators of human development is.

Housing, like food and clothing is one of the basic needs of human being. Therefore, human being since his creation has been thinking about satisfying this need. In villages, housing should have specific characteristics due to the productive nature of villages.The purpose of the present study is investigating the satisfaction of villagers from their housings and understanding differences between their present housings and the criteria of their ideal housings.Rural areas of the central parts of Kermanshah were studied in this resarch. A descriptive – analytic method of research was used in which using questionare was emphasized. The data were collected from 300 sample statistics and  SPSS used to analyze the data. Findings, indicated that villagers had low satisfaction with their housings. Findings also showed that there was not a significant difference between the present housing characteristics and the ideal housings(p<0.05).

The political relations of the countries with common marine domains have been involved a crisis because of inadequacy of water in the world and low rainfall rate in different parts of the world and irregular population growth and the ever-increasing need to water. Therefore some important international organizations like United Nations organization and UNESCO has named the 21st century as the hydropolitic century. Iran with 1/648/195 km2 width and more than 1/4 of its land is desert. So this climatic condition made this country as one of the low rainfall zone in the world. From 1335 decade (Iran's 1st census) to 1385 decade, Iran's population has grown more than 4 times. This rapid growth of population increases Iran's water needs. 24 border rivers flow in Iran. The most important and the longest one is Aras Border River which the main part of it has located in Ardabil province. Aras river sources were from Turkey that after passing Armenia, flows in Iran. Then it travels a very long distance along with Iran and republic of Azerbaijan borders. Afterward it enters Azerbaijan land. At last it flows in Caspian sea. Ardabil province, specially the fields of Ardabil and moghan cities are depending on the water of Aras border river, strongly. The high population growth in this province and the influx of immigrants from other cities of country has increased the need of more water of this region in order to provide food. Because of the existence of Aras river sources in Turkey, the lack of a suitable legal regime in using of Aras zone and the population's future needs for more food and drinking water, it will be anticipated that the political security of this region has been crisised and the root of these crisises are the border water and the hydropolitic of region.

The cold war ,energy changed to geo-economy concept which to name was geo-politic concept and to convent to effect agent in the relatives between major global powers. basically particular zones of the world that had energy, they have been substituted to the important phenomenon of strategy. Russia perform a prominent role in area of the world energy to develop energy with large energy resources and industrial bases and it cases to attract the attention of regions powers and another region of large companies become of a lot of energy resources and our affairs in CIS and also area dynamism built in structures geo-politic and geo-economic and causes lots of conflicts in many cases, Russia economy has associated with CIS and it can be good and bad affected to Russia economy it happens any changes in there countries . Regarding strategy, these countries are security areas and  being  another powers affect on Russia security. In this article we are trying to explain the subject, Russia geo-economy and its relative to CIS and to assess Russia politics in view of energy resources in the encounter of these countries and global powers.

This research was done with the purpose of evaluation the socio-economical participation role of rural peoples in plans projects (Case study: Nesa Dehestan) through field study. Selection of case study sample was performed with clustering analysis and on the basis of criterias such as population, distance from main road and economical status. Thus Nesa and Velayatroud villages were selected according to these criterions. From these two villages 90 persons (52 persons from Velayatroud village and 38 persons from Nesa village) of family supervisors were chosen with Cochran sampling formula as research samples and answered to research questionnaires. Analysis of the resulted data from questionnaires was done with deduction and descriptive statistics (t and The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). It it was concluded that the awareness of participation importance and the amount of participation of Nesa village peoples are more than Velayatroud village peoples and on this basis growth, development and progress of plans projects of Nesa village proceeds from Velayatroud village. This can be known as one of the important factors in better development of plans projects of Nesa village.