نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1388)

Sedentarization was put into force since the Islamic Revolution and at the outset ofthe 2nd National, Social, Economic and Cultural Development Plan, aiming topromotion of Nomadic livelihoods and improvement of the rangelands, followed bythe 3rd and 4th Plan, too.Government mainly addresses enhancement of nomadic livelihoods throughsupporting them at self-generated and preplanned development sites, and has so farsedentarized more than 58000 nomadic households at these spots.This research examines the spatial, economic and social consequences ofsedentarization at 3 different sites e.g. Shiblu Sayedabad (Koom) and Seikh Maroof inWest Azarbaijan. Research methodology, upon the basic queries, relied on 4presumptions. Results disclosed that after sedentarization, number of animals droppedagainst generation of other occupations, followed by rangelands improvement.Moreover, there seen certain changes in nomadic relationships with surrounding citiesor villages within the summer and winter fields premises. In terms of social and wellbeing dimensions, more changes are experienced, but at economic scale, wheareashigher income generated for the nomads, but this factor couldn’t promptly cause theirfull satisfaction. The core advice on nomadic sedentarzation process in W-Azarbaijanmainly focuses on prevention of further township building at their new sites.

This research was carried out in the catchment basin of Varband River in Larestanlocated in Fars Province in an area of 925.5 km2 by the use of IRS satellite pictures andthe measurer P6 (2006) so that through the use of the software ERDAS8.7, the localcorrections of the related pictures with 15 points and Afain equation with RMSE=0.42 andradiometric corrections with the algorithm of the equivalent rectangles were implemented.The best band combination was selected by the use of a suitable index factor and we usedthe classification under the supervision of the Maximum Similarity Probability Algorithmin order to provide the utilization map. The utilization layers were estimated 0.90 and 0.88by the use of general correctness test and Kapa statistics respectively. The co-precipitationmap was prepared in the environment of ARCGIS9.2 by the use of TPSs algorithm andaltitude-precipitation gradient as well as the map of Curve Number by the use of the mapof hydrologic and utilization groups. The height of the catchment basin slope,inappropriateness of formations, high evaporation and perspiration, soft soil tissue,severity of thundershower, utilization change, low compression of the covering crown andpoorness of pasturelands are among the effective factors in the exposure of the catchmentbasin to the floods. The analysis of each morphometric parameter of the catchment basinindicate that slope, area, shape, time of concentration, and percentage of waterwaycompression are the major effective factors in the exposure of the catchment to the floods.The presence of the rainfalls with duration of 15 minutes for 6-hour thundershowers arethe main factors in the destruction of soil structure and acceleration in the cumulativecurrent of the surface flowing water in Varband catachment basin . The phating map ofthe catchment exposure poteantial to the floods were offered in four classes of very low,low, average, and high. The results of this research showed that the whole productiveflowing water in this catchment basin is 42283746.6 m3 from which the sub-basins M, K,and A with 11.7, 11.3, and 10.01percent have a high exposure respectively and those of Cand G with 4.3 and 5.3 percent have the lowest exposure to the floods respectively.

Estimation of rivers sediment load is one of the most important problems for designof hydraulic structures, investigating water quality, conserving fish habitate, estimatingerosion and determining watershed management effects.There is two metheod for estimating sediment load: empirical and regressionmethods. Existence of numerous empirical methods for estimation of river sedimentload, a wide range of calibration coefficients shows that a suitable analytical orempirical method does not yet exist to accurately estimate the sediment load.Therefore, the measured discharges and sediment concentrations in hydrometrystations are statistically analyses for an accurate estimation of sediment loads in rivers.In usual statistical methods a power function is generally fitted on the data sets of flowand sediment discharge and thus the total sediment load could be calculated using thisfunction. These methods are not able to recognize and separate the specific datameasuring conditions. Therefore, they are not only able to accurately estimate thesediment load, but also can not show the temporal variation of sediment loads. In spiteof this problems, researcher are using Artificial Intelligence methods such as FuzzyLogic, nowadays.In this study, the measured suspended sediment load at hydrometry stations ofTelvar River is analyzed using USBR and FAO methods (usual statistical methods).Furthermore, Sediment suspended load are estimated with a model developed based onFuzzy Logic rules. Then the results of these mothods are compared. This researchstudy has shown that the temporal variation of sediment loads can be analyzed using afuzzy method. Also the, results obtained using the fuzzy method in comparison withthe corresponding values obtained using the usual statistical methods shows a bettercorrelation with the observed values. In all stations the fuzzy method estimated thesediment loads between ones obtained using statistical methods.

We have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to capital and market is important factor of world new order and itdepends on sea lanes and important straits. Therefore, main security concern,especially in relation to opponents, requires precise strategic consideration forconfrontation with trade wars. Thus, this issue is reason for what cold warconsiderations are invalided and new problems are posed in front of countries.Alongside with ever-growing importance of maritime trade, international straits alsohave special position in sea new geopolitics. Although important straits had key role inpast too, but currently they are important economically. This issue in time after coldwar is reason which reduces importance of some straits and gives some other straitsspecial importance due to position that they have in world trade routes.This research along with considering changes made in meaning and context ofstrategic straits in two geopolitical periods, tries to analyze effects of policies andpowers on these straits. Results yielded from this issue indicate that Indian Ocean andits important straits due to key role that they play in maritime trade, they are veryimportant and this is reason of competition between world powers in these straits.

The Relation between sustainable development and urbanization and its includedparameters specially housing and its dependent subjects are the main topics nowadays.Investigating on the housing indicators are the key tools and basis step for urbanplanning. The housing rule in the social growth is included its surrounded environmentinstead of itself specifications.In this practicable research, we used analytical – attributive and surveying approachfor determining the effect of housing in Esfarain city in iran.The results are shown that the most important problems in this situation in Esfaraincity are:- People disabilities in the housing and constructions- Lack of appropriate standards- Expensive and unsuitable materials that using for constructions- Old formation of city-centerIn this case supporting the local contractors and improving and reconstruction of theold parts of city is recommended.

With regard to this fact that the very most of the worlds population have settled at thecoastal regions and their activities are typically related to the sea exploitation, coasts asone of the significant morphodynamic regions are of a special importance. Coastalregions all over the world are under a severe pressure. At least, there are five humanfactors which have produced the grounds on which destruction of coastal regionsoccur. They are as follows: population growth, pollution, destruction of theenvironment, conflicts of the benefits between the users and irregular exploitation ofresources.Some local, regional and notional actions have been taken for solving suchenvironmental difficulties and managing coastal regions sustainably in differentcountries. Most frequent and current managerial plans of coastal regions are focusedon coastal dangers such as erosion and flooding, pollution caused by land activitiesand marine transportations. Extensive exploitations in the fields of fisheries, truism,commercial transportations, etc.give these regions a double significance. Since anykind of human activities such as establishing coastal and portal construction as well asother types of exploitations like transportations, commerce and sanitation necessitatethe stability of coastal lines according to morphodynamic factors through both themovements of sea water and processes of the land environment. It is necessary tostudy geomorphology and management of integrated coastal zone comprehensively.Hence the basic and effective variables under study which should be attained for achange in the coastal line and area in clued waves, tides, coastal currents as thedynamic factors of the sea environment, wind and river processes and human landactivities (on a limited scale).Considering the natural features and geographicalsituation of the coastal region of Kong port up to Hosseinieh port, a natural operationhas been used in such a way that catchment areas have been regarded as an inseparablepart the coastal regions according to the definition of this region for management andits boundary reaches the dividing line of the catchment areas with regard to the strongnatural functional criterion between the two mentioned parts.

The development and influence of cultural production hn the village is the result ifthe expantion of services specially roads and electrical power and the relation betweencities and village.By mean of these reforms the rural society could also use the citycultural Services more and we also observed the entrance of the goods suchasRadio’Television’Video’Newsepaper’and ect to the villages. Therefore’we may callthis desade as the departure of villages from cultural isolation. Villages havechangedduring this period because of the influence of these cultural production andthese changes more significant in youth.This article is going to show The influence of youth’s desire’wishes’andexpectations’ which make them to immigrate to the cities.the significant result of thisstudy is the distinctions of different cultural production in their desire to immigrationto the cities.the relation of electronical production such as television’video’and sateliteusing libraries and further education had the most correlated with urban-ruralimmigration of youth and the relation bettwen cultural facilities suchas’ movie andtheater had the least correlated with this immigration.

Proper industrial sitting for preventing probable environmental constraints and alsosustainable and deserve use of whole land facilities is an important concept that manyIranian organizations are nowadays interested in.As a matter of fact industrial spatial planning can be considered as a giant leap inenvironment and industrial development in the country and correct and logical growthof city and rural areas. With respect to these objectives and removing the concentrationof industries in Tehran, industrial site selection in province of Ghazvin has been doneby systematical analysis method, based on Boolean Algebra in the 1:250000 scale,using map overlaying method.So environmental resources were studied, analyzed, classified in 2 categories:Ecologic and Social-Economic, then measuring the ecological capacity of the land wasdone after overlaying the layers in GIS. As a result after removing areas in whichindustrial plantation was prohibited, 2 areas with the capacity of 1 and 11 areas withthe capacity of 2 were selected.At last, prioritizing of the sites was done in a quantitative way by considering socioeconomicalcharacteristics in GIS. finally sites with priority of 1 up to 4 wererecognized. As a result industrial development with respect to environmental and socioeconomical criteria can be done in these areas. The proposal of locating industries inthe industrial estates and eco industrial parks will give rise to the environmentalconservation concepts.