نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1387)

One of the methods for water supplying and control of drying and flood is theapplication of water flooding. The work reported here was conducted at theexperimental station located in Tassuj plain, 110 km north-west of Tabriz in thenorthern of Oroumiye lake, situated between 45°18 to 45° 33E and 38° 15 to 38° 24 N,with an average annual precipitation of 362.3 mm, and average annual evaporation of989.5 mm. The study basin has an area of 5590 km2 with 3000 km2 on which floodspreading is possible. The aims of this research are investigation of efficacy of FloodSpreading Project (FSP) on vegetation cover and recharge of groudwater in Tassujstation. Remote sensing and GIS systems are effective and efficient techniques inwatershed management and investigation flood distribution in plains. After preparingmentioned parameters in GIS environment (using Arc GIS software), digital maps andtwo satellite images TM (1992) and ETM (2002, 2006) of the study area from floodspreading of Tassuj was used. Images were interpretated by Hybrid or optic method oncomputer monitor. The results were indicated that vegetation cover increased afterFlood Spreading Project equal 18% to 34% in 1378 to 1384 year. Bare soil decreasesin 9 years at last too. Deposit of drying, groundwater level does not decrease but alsodischarge of wells was increased. Study of unit hydrograph of Tassuj plain wasdeterminated that groundwater level decreases equal 10 meters in 1373 to 1380 butafter flood spreading in the1380 year it increased.

Rural area's Residents Are Dependent On Environment Directly or Indirectly toLive. Grown in The Field or Garden, Products Obtained From Domesticated Animals,Animal Increasing Population, the Requirement to Provide Stable Employment forExtra Population Taking into Account the Maintenance and Stability of Environment,Maintenance and Revival of Environmental PatternsTribal, Rural, Urban, and FoodSecurity are Now very Important. Therefore, it Requires Programming in allDimensions Especially Environmental, Economic, Social, Cultural, And Physical-Bodily Aspects so that it Leads to Comprehensive and Stable Development.Meshkinshahr Being Mountainous Area, Having Three Environmental Patterns Tribal,Rural, Urban with Anthropolgical Point of View, Moderate Andcold winter andsummer Humid Climate With High Comfort Level Especially in Eight Monthes ofYear, Geomorfologic and Natural Condition of Saban Mountain from Mountainingand Geoparking Point of View, Green Countries and Meadows and Forest Parks,Rivers Filled with Water Such as Khiavchay, Meshkinchay, Ghareh Soo, AgriculturalFields and Gardens to Develop Ecotourism Require Condition to ProgramEspeciallyNatural Tourism Which Is Suggested For Post-modernismEra.

The city states a space which the people has been gathered in it and provide theirlife in a permanent comparatively form upon the economic activities of area.This area can be the center of economic, commercial, educational or a combinationof them and this cause the attracting of villager people. Under standing the worth ofthe local economic activities gives move firmness to the work of programmer.Attandance of population in a civic or villager area will be actional by employmentand existence of kinds of jobs.So, there is a close relation between the levels of employment for each country,area, city or village is a so hard and also deicate work because for reaching to a exactpredicting of population in future needs using of exact methods and Models, which theLary model is in this kind of models.In this Model, economic activities has been propounded as a dish and workers ofcivic land us a paked.Sanandaj city as a center of province is in the west of Iran, and has had a prevailingrole in connection of propounding the services in a different economic and socialylevels in the area level.In one to years old section from 1335 till 1375, the population of Sanandaj city hasincreased as many as 6/8. So information of population and employment of this cityhas a high important in future.

The increasing important role of election in a regional, national and world level, hasobtained it as a basic political topic. therefore often Political and election - relatedgeographers and researchers try to recognize some different dimensions of thisphenomenon in order to have more favorable outcomes in decision - making ProcessesNormally in recent 3 decades, Iran has experience of holding elections, once a year. Inother words, Iran has repeated the experience of democracy several times .Accordingto the natural conditions and human geography, Iran is affected by climate systems anddivided into different areas. Depending on their knowledge, economic situations,literacy level and the effect of ethnic and tribe thoughts, resident people in areas andregions have shown different variable political behaviors.The Islamic Consultative Assembly election is one of the most important politicalevents in Iran which holds every 4 years, once. The main aim of this research is toevaluate the effects of popular participation rate on The Islamic ConsultativeAssembly election, to recognize political points which the popular participation ratehad decreased or increased within, and to analyze deputies political positions and theirarrangement changes. In the fact, it is possible to find out the variables space ofpolitical geography in Iran by applying statistic methods such as time data and theresults using GIS .One of the outcomes of this analysis shows ethnic links and relations effects onparticipation rate. In other hand, participation in parliamentary elections hold in Iran,is an increasing and active process .This paper concentrates the process of changingand growing rates of participation for Right parties, won a majority of the seats in allparts and limited activity of reformist political parties in west parts, gained a heavydefeat in the rest of the country.

With the expansion of Tehran conurbation, the need to settle the overflowpopulation of this national metropolis in planning system of the country has led to theestablishment of the new cities such as Pardis, but in spite of the investments andplanning of the related organizations and instituations, these new cities haveencountered such problems and challenges that they not only don’t reduce the overloadof Tehran, but also add to the problems.The present article that is extracted from the doctoral thesis reviews the weak andstrong points of the new city of Pardis as an example of "establishing new citiesstrategies" in Tehran metropolis and adaptability of performing such plan with themain goals of the management of Iehran con urbation, the article also analyses theextent to which the goals of the plan have achieved by technigues such as Delfy Swottechnique.

Planning in renovation of old area of cities which is of a condensed area , narrowand meandering alleys and streets means: renewal of life or renovation of central partof city.The old area of Yazd which had been designed for the other needs at that time,cannot adapt itself with the new conditions in these days and its residents are moving tonew areas day by day;on the other hand, nonnatives and migrants tend to thatareas.The lack of affinity and attention to the old areas,not only results in increasing ofobliteration but it also does in social change,moral rudeness and criminals; in otherwords, not having a proper social and basic structure between old and new area leadsto defeat of old area, eventually.In this essay, regarding to the present problems in the old area of Yazd as well asthe possibilities and abilities, the following objects have been set out in order torenovate and restore of old areas.The most important objects are as follows:-Keeping of historical values and space restoration along with their functions,-Stabilizing of population,-Social optimization and restoring the essence of historical-cultural areathrough keeping of real groups of people and removing of social damages,-Improving in economical structure,-Promoting the social services,and reinforceing of urban management.Then ,using the analysis of the fields of related decision making technique,suggested guidelines and projects have been presented to renovate the area.

One of the most important disaster in the west of Iran, Particularly in cold season isflood. The precipitation in the west regions is longer while tropical systems arepredominant. In this research we studied this percipitation which is accompany withconvective instability. one long precipitation period (1994) in the cold season ofkermanshah .Maps:surface, 500 & 300 hpa levels , upper atmosphere of kermanshahzone & skew-T diagrams at (1200UTC) hour were applied for synoptical analysis.Thermodynamical indexes mixing ratio,Potential temperature and instability ofAtmosphere (Si,Ki,CAPE)and pw were studied and It As a result west systems, inthese periods, accompany with a meditteranian low pressure system on the earthsurface and upper atmosphere Trouph and supplied enough moisture have suitablepattern for precipitation that . In this region the wind speed is at maximum which canbe identifical from maps 30 hpa levels. With calculation on torrential rain (average pw56 mm and 35 mm for start- average CAPE 1500 j/kg and 1000 j/kg for start - averageki 24 C° and 28 C° for start - average si -5 C° and -1 C° for start on torrential rain forabove factors we can opine about torrential rain not only in the kermanshah but also inother cases.

The slope of vertical temperature changes rise in height. This state of temperaturerise with height is called temperature inversion.Ahvaz is considered as one of the 7 major polluted cities in Iran.Intensification of the phenomenon of inversion leads to atmosphere stability andcongestion of pollutants in the lower layers of the earth’s surface. High density andcompression of cold heavy weather, just under warm weather with lower density,hinder vertical movements in the atmosphere. Surrounding heights and high rises inbig cities decrease horizontal wind movements and lead to concomitant intensificationof the temperature inversion layer and further pollutant compression inside the lowerlayers of the atmosphere.In this study we considered climate element data for 55 years ago and analysis earthsurface plans and 500 milibar surface in order to evaluation of temperature inversioneffect on Ahvaz pollution processing.The results of this study in indicate the maximum of intensity of temperatureinversion, weather stability in low pressure areas and high pressure upper air levelsduring the hot seasons. This thesis studies the parameters, regional factors andpollution processes in Ahvaz and attempts to find ways to control and reducepollutions. To this aim, it offers solutions and argues that observation and control ofthe gases and industry chimneys as well as planning the land use can play crucial rolesin decreasing pollution and moving in the direction of appropriate development.

Marand – jolfa strategic road in its course passes from Topographic andgeomorphological unties. Awareness of The characteristies about These unites andknowledge about Morphogenes and active morphodynamic factors.Presenting The necessary Procedures is The main objectve of This research. Basedon field studies and conclusions from this research, faults, floods river erosins,Movements slopes like Rockfall, landslide, Debris flow, snow Avalanchemorphogenes, Stones Avalanche, Thermoclasty, cerioclasty and Antropicmorphogenes, phenomenons, of the most important geomorphological factors knownalongsis of rail asphalt road, The most critical movements of slopes in Dradiz cluse isof great importance. In recent years, human activities has changed The morphologieslandscape in The researched road has greatly increased. Its results is The increase inThe uneasiness of the slopes and destruction of plants and floods. The conclusion ofThe research is The necessity of logical and deep understanding of Thegeomorphological processes in the region. Before any civil activities on The roadcourse. They should be filteres Through The geomorphological indexes