فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی زنان
پیاپی 89 (پاییز 1399)

The present study aimed to make an understanding of women's interpretation of marginalized life and their daily life experience in the suburbs of Tehran (District 19). The methodology used in this study was based on the qualitative method using phenomenology method, and the data were collected using the technique of "semi-structured interview" and "participatory and non-participatory field observations". Achieving the purpose of the study, 14 women at the age range of 14-60 years old, who lived in brick kilns for at least five years were purposefully selected. The interviews were conducted until the data was saturated.Content analysis were used to analyze and extract the concepts and themes of raw data. The results showed that the marginalized women's specific lifestyle, the intertwined networks of women's neighborhood, poverty and deprivation and quasi-urban life of the marginalized women led the marginalized culture to be created and highlighted. Moreover, the results indicated that marginalization has many challenges and consequences for women and girls, including social insecurity, lack of access to social facilities and opportunities, and instable and temporary life.

The increase in crime commission rate and recidivism in women is mostly due to the various voids that exist within their lives and the social structure. It could result in not only material but also spiritual damages for the individual, the family, and society. By applying the qualitative method and grounded theory, this research takes a look at recidivism in female ex-offenders in Kerman, and how their families have shaped. In the present study, based on the criterion of theoretical saturation, 13 of the pre-recorded woman prisoners in Kerman were selected through theoretical sampling and studied with an in-depth interview. In the process of collecting and analyzing information, Strauss and Corbin grounded theory method used, and eight subcategories, three main categories, and one core category emerged from the contributor interviews. The central causes of “lack of familial cohesion in the lives of recorded women” are family disruption, incompetent parents, and miserable family life. In other words, recidivism by women could be the result of family problems, such as divorce and the issues that children, addiction and deviation of the parents and husband, lack of supportive parents, unusual construction of family, aggressive parent-child interactions, economic and cultural poverty in the family. Not only these problems pose a threat to the cohesion and solidarity of the family, but they also pose a threat to the security of society. 

Along the presence of women in organizations, based on The Sixth Development Plan, 30% of management positions in Iranian government agencies, must be occupied by women. However, the path of women's advancement in organizations faces many challenges. One of these challenges is the "derailment" phenomenon. Leadership and managerial derailment, has become a pervasive organizational phenomenon, which will have negative consequences for the individual and the organization. This study attempts to identify barriers of derailment, and the mental pattern of successful female managers in public agencies of these barriers. In this study, using Q methodology, all barriers of derailment were collected from the subject literature. These barriers, formed the Q-concourse. Then by selecting a sample of 15 successful female managers in Iranian public agencies, the dominant mental model of these managers was identified, by Q-sorting. The results indicate that having specialized knowledge, effective communication, and having a personal and long-term perspective, are the most important barriers of derailment of female managers in Iranian public agencies. The results also indicate that successful women in public sector of Iran, In addition to maintaining their feminine and delicate spirit, do not consider childbearing and the responsibility of raising a child as an obstacle to their growth and development. In contrast, by strengthening the mentality of independence and perfectionism, they strengthen professional growth and learning, and lead their career path.

Nowadays, with the emergence of the concept of human agency in development theories, one of the important indicators for measuring the development of any country is the status of women and the level of empowerment of this segment of society. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of organization and empowerment of female-headed households. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in nature. The statistical population of the study is female heads of households in Chaldaran city and 265 persons were selected by random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and partial least squares method. The results showed that among the psychological and social and economic factors the most influence was related to the psychological component and the sub-component of self-awareness. The results also showed that the sub-components of "debt repayment ability" and "monetization" had a significant impact on empowering female-headed households in Chaldaran. According to the results, psychological empowerment,. training and allocation of employment credits, and creation of conditions to increase debt repayment capacity, should be on the government's agenda.

At first glance, choosing an individual lifestyle may seem like a personal decision, but with a deeper look, we can say that the changes in the lifestyle of individuals, in addition to being influenced by the current developments in society, itself It will also lay the groundwork and influence on the formation of future developments in the family and society. The results of studies and researches conducted in recent years show that due to changes such as increasing education and migration of girls living in dormitories in Tehran has increased. This study, with the interpretive phenomenological approach of Smith, Flower and Larkin, has studied the understanding and interpretation of girls living in the residence and their life experience of this lifestyle. The statistical population of the study is 16 girls living in a residence in Tehran. Data were obtained using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results showed that excessive loneliness, feeling of suspension in life, aimlessness, reduced relationships with relatives are some of the experiences that these girls go through.

The increase in divorce and the occurrence of the highest divorce rate in the first 5 years of life is a thought-provoking phenomenon in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the contexts and consequences of divorce in the first five years of married life using qualitative methods and thematic analysis through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling. Divorced people living in Tehran who have divorced in the first 5 years of life are the population studied in this study. Findings showed that the contexts and contexts of divorce in the first 5 years of life from the perspective of respondents such as personal shortcomings including irresponsibility, pessimism, secrecy and deception, low self-esteem, aggression; Couples' interactions such as lack of marital intimacy, high expectations, lack of commitment to the spouse, sexual dissatisfaction, repeated violence and divorce, continuing a single lifestyle, shifting roles, inflexibility, mutual distrust, lack of independence from the main family and ultimately disability Communication with the family of origin and modeling is inappropriate. The results of the present study also showed a decrease in self-esteem, negative attitude towards the opposite sex and married life, tendency to short-term relationships, mutual pessimism in the family, increasing tension between members, weakening the position between relatives and acquaintances, increasing harassment, reducing Social responsibility and attempting to live independently of the consequences of divorce in the first years of life.

Abstract Grief is one of the most common human reactions that occurs in all cultures and age groups in response to various types of depression, especially the death of a dear. From this study, issues related to grief are important, therefore, the aim of this study was to extract of factors for dynamic initiation of shrine defenders martyrs' wives of Tehran's state province by presenting a qualitative model. The present study was qualitative type. In this study, 21 shrine defenders martyrs' wives of Tehran's state were selected through purposeful sampling in 2018-19. The research tool was semi-structured interview and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. Based on the codes and categories obtained from the semi-structured interviews, the shrine defenders martyrs' wives of Tehran's city have got 2 general category (cognitive and behavioral- emotional) for a dynamic initiation. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive and behavioral-emotional factors are among the most important factors for the dynamic initiation of the martyrs' wives of the shrine. Therefore, designing interventional programs with respect to these factors and their subcategories as well as carrying out such programs as lecturing and holding a workshop can help to start the dynamic and return to their lives.