مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و دوم شماره 1 (فروردین 1400)

Exercise can also be effective in rehabilitating myocardial infarction by strengthening myocardial muscle tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise alone, and along with the consumption of chitosan encapsulated ginger extract on the histopathological characteristics of cardiac tissue and the level of MAPK expression in rats with myocardial infarction.

In this experimental study, 25 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5): myocardial infarction (Model), myocardial infarction + nanoparticle capsule extract + exercise, myocardial infarction + nanoparticle encapsulated extract, myocardial infarction + nanoparticle, myocardial infarction + exercise. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection. The main training program was for six weeks; thus, in the first week, the speed started at 10 meters per minute, and the time was 10 minutes, and by the sixth week, the speed reached 15 meters per minute, and the time reached 60 minutes. Ginger extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles was gavaged at 500 mg/kg for six weeks. Finally, rats were anesthetized, and heart tissue was collected for MAPK gene expression using Real-Time PCR and histopathological studies (hematoxylin and eosin staining).

The rat model of myocardial infarction in the groups trained and treated with the extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles showed a significant decrease in MAPK gene expression compared to the model group (p<0.05). The chitosan encapsulated ginger extract, either alone or with continuous exercise, caused the heart tissuechr('39')s cohesive muscle fibers to be placed next to each other or significantly reduced the amount of bleeding and infiltration of inflammatory cells compared to the model group (p<0.001).

Six weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of encapsulated ginger extract in nanoparticles can reduce isopropanol-induced heart tissue damage by improving cardiac homeostasis and reducing MAPK.

Bacterial infections in hospitals are one of the most common causes of death in neonates admitted to the intensive care units. In order to control and prevent these infections in neonates admitted to intensive care unit, it is not possible to know the prevalence of these infections. The purpose of this systematic review and meta–analysis was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial infections in neonatal intensive care units.

A systematic review of the literature for related articles was conducted in SID, Mag Iran, PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2019. The articles were limited to the English and Persian languages. In order to increase the sensitivity of the search, the reference lists of studies that entered the final phase was manually scanned. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the STROBE. Meta-analysis of data was performed using CMA version 2 software.

14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Since the studies were not homogeneous enough, the random-effects modeling method was used. The meta-analysis findings showed that the prevalence of bacterial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit was 10.3% C.I = (0.078,0.135).

The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of nosocomial bacterial infections in neonatal intensive care units is 10%.

Early detection of allograft dysfunction is important for the evaluation of postoperative outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of changes in serum Creatinine (sCr) and Beta2-microglobulin (B2M) in kidney recipients (KRs) from living donors.

Blood samples were collected from KRs (n=39) at eight checkpoints starting at the day before transplantation. Based on serum creatinine (sCr; mg / dl) on the fifth day after transplantation (i.e. <1.70 or > 1.70), the KRs were classified into Good Early Graft Function (GEGF) and Poor Early Graft Function (PEGF) groups.  Demographic and clinical indicators of the recipients were extracted from hospital database. The sCr was measured by Jaffechr('39')s and serum sB2M was measured by ELISA methods. The statistical population was described using the median index. The difference between the two groups was evaluated with a significance level of 0.05 and the Independent T-test and relevant graphs were drawn with Excel 2016.

The distribution of GEGF and PEGF was 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. In the GEGF, the sCr levels gradually decreased reaching a nadir at 36 hours after the surgery. In the PEGE, the slope for sCr elimination was slower than that of the GEGF patients.  In the case of sB2M, the trend for GEGF patients reached a nadir at 72 hours after the surgery. For the PEGF group, no changes were recorded for B2M during the follow-up.

The present study is the first to explore the diagnostic value of serum B2M in KRs from living donors. This pilot study shows that B2M is capable of identifying KRs at high risk for reduced renal function. Further studies are required to evaluate the diagnostic performance of as biomarker of allograft dysfunction.

Curcumin and thymoquinone are common herbal medicines with low side effects and potent antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activity. This investigation aimed to evaluate toxicity of curcumin and thymoquinone on HUVECS cell lines via MTT and flow cytometry assays.

HUVEC cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium under standard culture conditions (5% CO2 and 95% humidified air at 37°C). Curcumin and thymoquinone were used at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 μM and incubated for 24 and 48 hours, then cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry via Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide kit. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and p <0.05 was considered significant.

The results of this study showed that IC50 for curcumin and thymoquinone was 35μM and 105 μM at 24 h, and 32 μM and 90 μM at 48 h, respectively (p>0.999). Apoptosis rates for curcumin and thymoquinone were 40% and 30%, respectively.

In this study, we observed that cell viability depended on the concentration of curcumin and thymoquinone. Both compounds induced apoptosis and also the cell viability of HUVEC upon treatment with thymoquinone is more than that of curcumin.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a gold standard for renal stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm. One of the complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy is intraoperative bleeding. This study was performed on the characteristics of kidney stones and their relationship with bleeding.

In this descriptive study, 90 patients underwent percutaneous lithotomy. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 80 years, ASA class

In this study, the mean age of patients was 45.21±11.69 years (age range: 16 to 76 years). Regarding weight, the mean weight was 76.72±14.76 kg (weight range: 47 to 111 kg). The mean density was 647.55±285.41, the mean stone size was 26.20±21.06, the mean SSD was 81.24±27.96, the mean radiation reception time was 77.85±46.99, the mean KV was 92.50±15.20, and the mean mA was 37.37±1.18. The patients in this study had a mean history of 2.52 times ESWL with a mean of 1.81 stones. The mean access time was 31.20±15.66. The most commonplace of access was inferior calyces (74.4% of cases). The correlation between the differences in hemoglobin levels before and after surgery with the characteristics of the stone showed that the stone diameter demonstrated a significant relationship with the difference in hemoglobin levels. The time of surgery has a positive (r = 0.321) and significant correlation (p = 0.046) with hemoglobin difference before and after surgery. In Pearson correlation test, stone size (r = 0.131, p = 0.020), stone density (r = 0.101, p = 0.018), and access time to kidney (r = 0.329, p= 0.002) had a significant relationship with the duration of surgery.

 This study showed that only the diameter of the stone is correlated with the difference between hemoglobin levels before and after surgery. As the time of surgery increases, the difference in hemoglobin before and after surgery increases, leading to more bleeding. High stone density and stone size are effective factors in hemoglobin drop.

Anterior cruciate ligament accounts for 80% of all knee ligament surgeries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shoe weight on ground reaction forces in individuals with an ACL injury during drop landing.

The present study was semi-experimental and laboratory. Statistical samples included 10 men with an ACL injury and 10 healthy men who volunteered to participate in this study. Reaction force data during a single drop landing were collected from a step with a height of 30 cm by Bertec force plate device. Both groups used shoes under four conditions: 1. Shoe weight, 2. Shoe weight and increase of 100 grams, 3. Shoe weight and increase of 200 grams and 4. Shoe weight and increase of 300 grams. Five correct attempts were recorded with different shoe weights. A two-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical comparison.

Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant difference in the peak of internal-external force (p = 0.008; d = 1.420), anterior-posterior impulse (p = 0.011; d = 1.328), Vertical impulse (p = 0.024; d = 1.164), and positive free moment (p = 0.057; d = 0.492) between the healthy group and ACL injury during single drop landing. Also, there was a significant difference in the peak of anterior-posterior force (p = 0.002; d = 1.136), time to the peak of internal-external power (p = 0.005; d = 1.034), the time to peak vertical force (p = 0.011; d = 0.950), and vertical loading rate (p = 0.062; d = 0.759) in single drop landing.

Overall, increasing the weight of shoes in healthy people and the ACL group increases the pressure on the joint and the injury. The use of lightweight shoes is recommended as a minimum of prevention to reduce ACL injury.

The body and concerns about it are one of the most important concerns in the lives of individuals, especially young people. The purpose of this study was to compare feelings of loneliness, self-differentiation, and neurotic symptoms in individuals with and without orthodontic treatment.

The method of this study is causal-comparative in a cross-sectional type. The statistical population of this study included all referrals who were referred to dental centers of Ahvaz from January to March of 2019. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 80 individuals (two groups of 40 persons) from the statistical population who were selected by available single-stage cluster random sampling and their age range was 19 to 40 years. Data were collected using Di Tomassochr('39')s Loneliness Questionnaire, Brennan & Bast, Shortened Self-Differentiation Questionnaire, and Neo-PI-R Revised Short Symptom Inventory.

Findings of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between individuals with and without orthodontic demand in loneliness (F=9/6, p<0/001) and its components, differentiation (F=8/9, p<0/001) and its components, and symptoms of neuroticism (F=9/1, p<0/001); but there was no significant difference in social loneliness (F=2/1, p<0/1) and emotional cut-off (F=1/08, p<0/3) between individuals with and without orthodontic demand.

It is recommended that by screening and identifying orthodontic clients, people who are mentally challenged and physically in need are identified as being in need of orthodontic treatment and that they can receive psychological supervision and treatment.

One of the symptoms of lung cancer, which is one of the deadliest cancers, is the lung nodules. It is very difficult to detect these tiny nodules on CT scans of the lungs with the naked eye. Therefore, intelligent systems or computer-aided detection (CAD) systems can assist a radiologist in detecting, locating, and evaluating the quality of lung nodules. The most important challenge of existing intelligent systems is the balanced improvement of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and reduction of false positive rate (FPr), and also the complexity of these systems has reduced the efficiency and speed of execution. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide an agile framework and optimize the challenge.

One of the new subfields of artificial intelligence is the deep learning and orientation of CNN networks, which has been widely used in the analysis of medical images in recent years. In this research, an innovative network based on CNN networks of LeNet type is proposed to extract image features as well as image classification. The used dataset is a subset of 7072 image pieces derived from the LIDC-IDRI standard dataset. The size of nodules of these images, which are used to train and validate the network, are 1 to 4 mm.

The training and validation processes of this network were performed with a computer device (configurations 2.4GHz Core i5 processor, 8GB of memory, and Intel Graphics 520) in five hours and eleven minutes and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are 91.1%, 85.3% and 92.8%, respectively.

Based on the standard basis of the proposed model and also the use of valid database images to measure the network and compare with previous works, the results establish a good balance between evaluation criteria, and with faster implementation gain the necessary capability for real time applications.