Journal of Surgery and Trauma
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Spring 2021

Measuring patella height has been a hot topic for decades. Multiple radiological indices exist for native knees and arthroplasty. A concise concept of patella height analysis is needed for daily practice and scientific research.

Dirofilariasis is a rare vector-borne parasitic human disease. The culprit pathogens belong to the nematode’s family Filaridae. In humans most commonly species related to disease are Dirofilaria repens, D. tenuis, and D. immitis (the dog heartworm). Of those, D. immitis is related to pulmonary infection, whilst the other species are related to subcutaneous dirofilariasis. The vector is mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia. The natural transmission of Dirofilaria species from animals to humans occurs during the blood meals of the arthropods, where the worm is injected via the bite. Herein we describe case reports related to autochthonous dirofilariasis in Greek patients. All data have been retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. Many autochthonous cases of pulmonary, ocular and subcutaneous disease have been described in Greek patients from 1996 till 2020. Climate change and global warming is affecting the vectors and dirofilariasis should be considered as an emerging parasitic disease. All forms of dirofilariasis, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous or ocular nodules or coin like formations in the lungs in Greek patients.

The number of major abdominal surgical procedures is increasing around the world. A large number of the patients complain about postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after abdominal surgery and show symptoms of breathing pattern disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of deep breathing exercise on the oxygenation of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients who needed major abdominal surgery in Qom, Iran, in 2014. The participants were divided into two equal experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The cases in both groups received routine care, however, those in the experimental group exercised repeated deep breathing four times per hour for two consecutive hours after the surgery as well. The condition of the patients in both groups was similar in terms of position, mobility, and oxygen therapy. The patient’s oxygen saturation, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate, and the severity of pain in the surgery site were measured. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version. 18) using paired t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Multiple regression analyses, Chi-square test, and Fischer’s exact test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Based on the study findings, the deep breathing exercise significantly reduced the surgery site pain and mean blood pressure and increased O2 saturation in the experimental group after the intervention (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups, and a significantly higher O2 saturation was observed in the experimental group after deep breathing exercise post-operation (β=2.01, P<0.001).

Deep breathing exercises can reduce the severity of pain in the surgery site and mean arterial blood pressure and increase O2 saturation in patients after major abdominal surgery.

Despite the advances in medical technology and preventive programs, the incidence of pressure ulcers during hospitalization is increasing. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of bedsores among hospitalized patients in a hospital in the north of Iran.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients (n=244) with pressure ulcers admitted to Poursina Hospital, Rasht, Iran, within more than 48 h. The information of patients, such as age, gender, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, length of hospital stay, and body mass index were gathered from the patientchr('39')s hospital records. Ulcer evaluation was performed using the Braden Scale. The collected data were analyzed in Stata software version 14.1 using mean and standard deviation to describe the quantitative variables and numbers and percentages for qualitative variables.

Based on the findings, among all patients, 1.2%of the cases had pressure ulcers. The mean age of patients was obtained at 61.7±18.6 years. It was revealed that the frequency of pressure ulcers was higher in elderly patients. The history of diabetes had a significant positive relationship with pressure ulcers and Braden score. However, no significant relationship was observed between the history of smoking and ulcers. There was a significant inverse relationship between hypertension history and pressure ulcers and Braden score, meaning that the score was lower in patients with hypertension history. It was also found that patients with high BMI had a lower and significant score than patients with low BMI. A significant relationship was present between the length of hospitalization and the degree of bedsores. In the ulcers of the scapula, the Braden score was significantly higher.

Pressure ulcer was more common in patients aged over 60 years. The subjects with diabetes had a 5 times higher degree of pressure ulcers, and the prolonged hospitalization increased the degree of ulcer. Patients with high BMI had less, while significant pressure ulcers, compared to patients with low BMI.

One way of monitoring angiographic organ is the clinical examination that is dependent on the accuracy of the person performing it; Therefore, human error may be high and require frequent examination is at least 24 hours after angiography. Meanwhile, checking for arterial or intravenous blood gases due to the small size of the vein and the arteries in children is difficult, unlike adults is difficult and requires skill and mastery in the field of venipuncture. Therefore, it is advisable to use simpler and less costly methods such as pulse oximeters to monitor organs that are more accurate and comfortable for the staff and patient. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare post angiography puls oximetry and physical exam in cardiac congenital of pediatric patients.

This study was conducted with 45 patients with congenital heart disease undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic angiography. They were selected by convenience sampling method from among patients referring to the angiography department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand, Iran, in 2016. Trained personnel performed the clinical examinations, including temperature, color, and pulse check (dorsalis pedis and tibialis posterior) for both the angiographic and control organs. Pulse oximetry was also performed concurrently using the Massimo pulse oximeter for both organs and continued for up to 6 hours after angiography. Demographics form and patientschr('39') clinical records were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (V: 23) using the Kappa test.

The agreement between the pulse oximetry of the angiographic and control organs was mild only at one, two, and six hours after angiography, and was moderate three hours after angiography (kappa=0.656 after three hours).

Although there was no clinical agreement between pulse oximetry and clinical examination, Butaccording our findingspulse oximetry is moreaccurate, and given the results in the first one to two hours after angiographyevaluation of organ is more sensitivity.

High levels of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex lead to hypercortisolism, among whose complications is Cushingchr('39')s syndrome. Thyroid carcinoma is one of the malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland, the most common type of which is Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which is more common in women in the age group of 30-50 years. The course of the patientchr('39')s symptoms ranges from asymptomatic to foreign body sensation, dysphagia, neck swelling, and voice change. The prognosis of patients with surgical procedures is good, and the five-year survival of patients is 90%. The concurrentincidence of several diseases in one person is a rare phenomenon. The reported article is the first very rare case of Cushingchr('39')s syndrome, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and renal cysts.

High levels of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex lead to hypercortisolism, among whose complications is Cushingchr('39')s syndrome. Thyroid carcinoma is one of the malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland, the most common type of which is Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which is more common in women in the age group of 30-50 years. The course of the patientchr('39')s symptoms ranges from asymptomatic to foreign body sensation, dysphagia, neck swelling, and voice change. The prognosis of patients with surgical procedures is good, and the five-year survival of patients is 90%. The concurrentincidence of several diseases in one person is a rare phenomenon. The reported article is the first very rare case of Cushingchr('39')s syndrome, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and renal cysts.