فصلنامه مهارت آموزی
پیاپی 27 (بهار 1398)

Attention to entrepreneurship and its education has been raised in recent years at the level of higher education; And the need for entrepreneurial graduates in order to develop sustainable education programs to promote entrepreneurship in the country has increased. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship with the approach of employment of university graduates (Case study: General Department of Technical and Vocational Training of Golestan Province). The method of the present research is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose.The data collection method is field research and library and the sampling method is simple random sampling. The statistical population of the present study was selected to collect data including expert university professors in the field of entrepreneurship management and expert managers in the field of employment and entrepreneurship of the General Department of Technical and Vocational Training of Golestan Province. This study identifies the integrated entrepreneurial education system, entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial development, university entrepreneurial perspective, employability of graduates, the establishment of an entrepreneurial culture, academic infrastructure, individual entrepreneurial character of graduates, and innovative research as the main credentials. Validity and value of t-statistic were used. The results of validity showed that all research variables have appropriate validity. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant managers create the necessary infrastructure in educational environments by relying on the components and sub-components of this research

The aim of this study was to provide a model of vocational competencies of instructors of governmental technical and vocational training centers in Tehran. The research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data and self-emerging data in terms of research method.The present study population consisted of all specialists and experts in technical and vocational training (who have scientific and executive backgrounds in technical and vocational training) and university professors (faculty members with research backgrounds related to technical and vocational training) Using targeted snowball sampling method, 30 people were selected as the sample. After conducting 25 interviews, the researcher determined that the information obtained had reached saturation point. Data collection tools were review of relevant national and international documents as well as semi-structured exploratory interviews.Finally, data foundation and coding methods were used to classify the data. Regarding the validity of the study, in addition to studying the theoretical foundations, the research method was used by the research members.The findings indicated that the model of vocational competencies of the instructors of governmental technical and vocational training centers in Tehran includes dimensions such as basic competencies, interpersonal competencies, intellectual competencies, executive competencies and moral competencies.

The purpose of this study is to identify the components of strategic management of technical and vocational training in order to apply optimal strategic management in interaction and adaptation to the environment.This research is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of implementation method, it is a cross-sectional descriptive-survey and in terms of data, it is mixed (qualitative and quantitative).In the library study section, 28 valid sources were sampled based on theoretical saturation and the strategic components of technical and vocational education were identified based on grounded theory of 12 components and 35 subcomponents.And for strategic management in general, 6 components and 22 subcomponents were identified, including: conceptual exploration, environmental scanning, strategy making, implementation and evaluation of achievements, and strategic leadership and monitoring.Research findings include:Employment (employability and self-employment, entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity);Educational attractiveness (diversity of audiences, improved access, increased traction and attractiveness of education);Lifelong learning (adult learning, employee skills development, empowerment of individuals); Axis demand (employer survey, labor market information, needs assessment, demographic census); Identify job changes (job changes, technology changes, skill changes); Pivotal research: (comparative studies, follow-up studies and employment status monitoring); Flexibility (e-learning, combination training (virtual and face-to-face and mobile training));Modernization (educational space and equipment, advanced educational technologies and simulators); Educational Economics (Skills Development Fund, Realization of Training and Examination Tariffs); Strengthening educational assistants (supporting emerging organizations, financial and supportive incentives, educational cooperation of enterprises in internships, student professors);Improving the assessment system (third-party auditing, recognition of what has been learned and previously learned, performance standards test standards, acceptance status of learners' skills);Quality Assurance (Professional Development of Instructors,Professional Qualifications System of Instructors, Competency Based Training, Professional Competency Based Curriculum, Accreditation of Institutions and Rankings, Training Management Standards, Educational and Career Counseling and Guidance) then, by conducting a semi-structured interview including 6 mandatory questions and an optional question with 10 experts, the components were linked and organized in order toformulate the final quality model and validate it, and the degree of appropriateness of the model was 95%. Finally, several suggestions were made that the managers of the Technical and Vocational Education Organization, by recognizing the above components, can successfully apply strategic management.

Governance in skills training for sustainable human resource development is possible with the participation and interactive mechanism of the three sectors of government, the private sector and civil society.Emphasizing the importance of human development, this study seeks to identify the requirements for achieving the rule of skill training to achieve sustainable employment of human resources. The aim of this study was to present a model of governance of skills training at the sub-national level in Tehran province. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview form was prepared based on open coding and axial coding and then performed on experts through selective coding by interview, Delphi technique and brainstorming.This process continues until the theoretical saturation, in which the dimensions of the component and the index were determined by experts.Again, the model was drawn based on dimensions, components and indicators and validated by experts.In the quantitative dimension: we turned the saturated interview form into a questionnaire by weighting the indicators and performed on a randomly selected sample group and finally, quantitative dimensional findings were analyzed by users using confirmatory factor analysis test.The validity of the measurement tool in the qualitative section was obtained through interviews, Delphi technique, brainstorming and three-way consensus. Finally, with the studies performed, three dimensions were obtained: skill and entrepreneurship trainings, governance, quality and market-oriented skill trainings, and 27 components and 173 constructive indicators.

Maintenance plays a key role in many effective parameters of education such as reliability, accessibility, quality of education, risk reduction, increased efficiency and safety of equipment. The overall goal of maintenance process is to increase the benefits of operations and optimize lifecycle costs considering all safety considerations and environmental categories. Therefore, choosing an optimal maintenance strategy to increase the availability and reliability of educational equipment without increasing the cost is one of the requirements of an educational environment. Not paying attention to this issue is currently one of the problems facing the educational system of the Technical and Vocational Training Organization. This paper tries to introduce the best method of maintenance of equipment and property in the studied workshops by examining the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and comparing the existing net methods.

In this article, identifying, determining, and analyzing effective factors in empowering the training of technical and vocational instructors of Kermanshah Province has been investigated. The presented article in terms of objective is an applied research, and in terms of method is descriptive survey. Data collection method included desk and field research. The data collecting tool is a questionnaire that content analysis is used to confirm its reliability, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients is used via the help of SPSS software to confirm its validity. The statistical population of the research is all the public and private technical and vocational center instructors of Kermanshah Province, and simple random sampling method is used. Cochran formula is also used in order to determine the sample content. In the present research, descriptive statistics is used to show the demographic status of the population and inferential statistics is used to analyze the data. The statistical methods used in the research are one-sample t test and variance analysis test via SPSS software, and the structural equation method is done via AMOS software. The results show that the factors influencing teaching empowerment of instructors in Kermanshah province are as follows: the instructors' competency, independence, feeling of being influential, feeling of doing something meaningful, and confidence. It is worth noting that some recruits put emphasis on objective experience and reflective observation learning methods and their strongest orientations are strong imagination, and awareness of values and meanings. These people show better performances in seeing objective situations from different points of view, and organize most of the relationships with a meaningful gestalt.