Journal of Chemical Reviews
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2021

In this research a review of the formation kinetics of TBAC-like clathrate dual hydrates is investigated. Natural gas hydrate is a solid crystalline compound formed from a combination of water and gas, and these compounds are formed at low temperatures and relatively high pressures. Hydrate is a member of the clathrite family. The guest gas molecules are trapped inside the cavities of the water network (host), which is formed by hydrogen bonding between the molecules of the water molecule, a clear example of which is smaller compounds than pentane in natural gas such as methane, ethane, propane and Carbon dioxide can be formed by pure gas or a gas mixture consisting of two or more components. Clarite is considered to be a solid solution in which guest gas molecules and hydrate gases are in contact. They are located with the host lattice (water), so gaseous hydrate is known as a non-stoichiometric solid, there is a strong hydrogen bond between the water molecules in the hydrate structure, while there is no chemical interaction between the guest and host molecules alone.

Today, the use of nanoparticles as carriers in the science of drug delivery is of particular importance. Improving drug performance and reducing side effects due to changes in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug are special benefits of drug Nano-carriers. Monolayer and bilayer Nano -liposomes were synthesized by reverse phase evaporation and thin film hydration with HEPES buffer and Snoike operation, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy examinations show that Pegylated Nano-Phytosomes have a spherical shape and much less aggregation is observed compared to non-Pegylated Nano-phytosomes. In order to evaluate the rate of drug release and the effect of peeling on the quality of drug release, dialysis bag method was used. The results of drug release indicate the rapid release of the free drug compared to the release of the drug from Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded Nano-Phytosomes. The results of apoptosis test also showed equal distribution of DNA of healthy cells and sphericity of cell nucleus. In order to investigate the effect of cell mortality in the monolayer nano-liposomes section, two HepG2 and KATO III cell lines were used and in the bilayer Nano-Phytosomes section, two cell lines DLD-1 and LIM-2405 related to colon cancer were used.

In this research, the behavior and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes under different loads (tensile and torsional) have been investigated by the finite element method with SOLIDWORKS Simulation software. Examination of carbon nanotubes by selecting the wrong element and large size of the elements leads to high error in the model and in contrast to the high mesh density increases the analysis time, accumulation of rounding error and finally causes stiffness in the carbon structure. According to the obtained results, the obtained elastic properties for the model with beam element are about 9% more than the three-dimensional model and also about 11% more than the continuous shell model. Also, the elastic properties of the three-dimensional model are about 2% higher than the continuous shell model. Examining the results of these models, it can be seen that for both armature and zigzag structures, shell, beam and three-dimensional elements give better results than each other, respectively. Understanding the results of this study helps to select the best type of element and arrangement for the analysis of carbon nanotubes in different conditions and applications. To check the accuracy of the results, the buckling behavior of carbon nanotubes with both zigzag and armature structures with beam, shell and three-dimensional elements under eccentricity has been performed. The results show that the selection of shell elements for carbon nanotubes with any structure gives better results and is in good agreement with the other reported results.

Power system protection is a major and essential element in exploiting the power system. Generally, two approaches for security system can be represented, which are identification and separation of the fault from the system and the fault location in order to solve the problem. The distribution system as a subset of power system requires protection measures. Today, with the expanding utilization of the distributed generation in the distribution system, its structure has been changed. The existence of distributed generation, which is called DGs, poses a major challenge to the protection coordination system and fault location in the distribution system. In this paper, a new method was provided for fault location in the distribution system with the distributed generation. The proposed method used the data obtained from the phasor measurement units, which were installed in the distributed generation terminal, to determine the fault location rate and then determine the exact fault location using substitution theorem. The suggested method was tested on a distribution system sample; the simulation results of which indicated its proper functioning. In order to simulate the understudied system, digsilent, a powerful software, was used and the fault location program was written in the form of MATLAB software.

This study has been carried out to investigate the dehydration of natural gas of Tabnak sweet gas field by using membrane process, with PES membrane as a new, simple and cheap separation process. The effects of various experimental variables, such as pressure, temperature and nano silica particles in dehydration of natural gas by PES were investigated. PES and its silica nanocomposite membranes were prepared by solution blending in N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and casting-evaporation method.The homogeneity and nano scale distribution of prepared PES-silica membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Dehydration tests were done in pressure range of 2 to 10 bar and temperature range of 20 to 50° C, with nitrogen sweep gas. With an increase in the feed pressure, the permeated water was inhanced. On the other hand decreasing temperature, caused to improve the dehydration on process. Using PES-silica membrane increased water permeation.