نشریه پاسخ
پیاپی 20 (زمستان 1399)

Abortion has always been one of the most important sharia-legal challenges. From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, deprivation of the right to life as one of the fundamental human rights has faced serious difficulties in the freedom of abortion. The study of verses and the hadiths of the infallibles shows that due to the importance of a human life and the “Honour and Sanctity of Muslim Blood”, the right to life of the fetus is protected by the Shari'a and abortion is prohibited. Nevertheless, there have always been legal doubts and contradictions in this matter. Abortion is interpreted as murder in the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Infallibles (peace be upon them). Therefore, in jurisprudential references, blood atonement and in some cases even retribution is considered for intentional abortion. So, despite some theories that facilitate abortion, according to Islam, it is not allowed except in special and necessary cases.

Nowadays, economic development and material well-being are important issues in human societies. The advanced developmental situation and higher position of western countries are undeniable. However, Islamic countries also face many problems and obstacles in this way. Somebody, consider the economic development of western countries as a result of materialism and the backwardness of some Islamic countries as a consequence of Islamic theology. This view considers Islam to be a religion with afterlife beliefs, without any regard to economic growth and development. They believe that Islam opposes the lofty aspirations that are necessary tools for economic development and it emphasizes more on the afterlife. In the present article, via briefly explaining the Islamic view of the three issues of afterlife beliefs, lofty aspirations and fatefulness, we have answered the mentioned misleading. The research method is descriptive and analytical.

Abstract The progress and development of various scientific and technological tools has created an opinion that anything, even truth and falsehood which can be measured by materialistic criteria. This worldview has raised the theory that despite the role of great inventors in the comfort of human beings; is their existence may be more effective or the great men of religion and divine messengers? The study of various aspects of the philosophy of the emergence of the Prophets (pbuh) shows that they are more valuable than the scientists of experimental sciences. Considering the purpose of the creation of universe and the afterlife, the effectiveness of religious Doctrine and divine messengers is achieved. In addition, it is concluded that the prophets and saints of god did not decide to change the normal order of the world in order to advance the discoveries of mankind.

The revelation of the Holy Qur'an is the basis of the Islamic teachings. Dr. Abdolkarim Soroush, one of the contemporary Iranian intellectuals, has tried to provide a dream-like explanation of revelation in the series of articles entitled; "Muhammad (PBUH), as the narrator of apostolic dreams". According to him, Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) perceives truths in a mysterious and imaginary way (like a dream) and narrates them when he wakes up. In this viewpoint, the Holy Qur'an is not a divine word. In other words, the narrator of the Holy Qur'an is not the God, but of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)! In this article, by critically analysis of the topics presented in the series of the above-mentioned articles we argue to prove that Dr. Soroush's view is a false claim. We also implicitly demonstrate the view that Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) recieved the word of God in a conscious state. Hence, the Holy Qur'an is the word of God and not the word and narration of a mankind.

According to a misgiving, the birth of a child by Imam Hassan Askari (pbuh) named "Mahdi" is suspicious. This impression states that authentic historical documents accepted by Sunnis do not confirm the birth of such a child. In other words, there is no conclusive historical document that is confirmed by the Sunnis criteria in accepting historical hadiths regarding the birth and life of the Mahdi (pbuh). Therefore, it may be impossible for the Sunnis to accept the existence and life of the Mahdi (pbuh). In order to criticize this doubt, it should be said that the issue of believing the birth and life of Mahdi (pbuh) is not limited to Shiites; rather, the existence of a large number of hadiths on the birth of Mahdi (pbuh) in the authentic sources of hadith and Sunni hadiths shows the importance of them. The frequent hadiths of the infallibles (peace be upon them) related to Mahdi (pbuh) show that their validity has also been confirmed by the Sunni scholar’s and criteria. In addition, the acceptance and confirmation of the event of the birth of the Mahdi (pbuh) by genealogists who are mostly Sunni and the testimony of trusted persons who observed the Imam after birth and during his absence, has clearly added to the strength of such evidences. All these reasons are enough for the Sunnis to believe in the birth and life of Imam Mahdi (pbuh).

The non-distortion of the Holy Qur'an is one of the beliefs that both Shiites and Sunnis insist on. Somebody accuse the Shiites of believing in the distortion of the Holy Qur'an by citing weak hadiths, unreliable books and descending interpretive narrations! This leading article answers the main question whether Ali Ibn Qomi believed in distorting the Holy Qur'an due to the existence of distorted hadiths?! In this study, which has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, it has been concluded that this book did not belong to Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, basically. In fact, Abolfazl Abbas Ibn Mohammad has collected lectures from his Qur'anic commentaries. Therefore, based on this book, Ali ibn Ibrahim cannot be considered as one of those who believe in the distortion of the Holy Qur'an. In addition, the alleged hadiths mean the interpretation and explanation of the verses, not the distorted text of the Holy Qur'an!

A brief study at the contemporary history of Iran reveals a long list of US conspiracies, hostile actions and interventions. It includes the coup d'état of Aug. 19, 1953 to the imposition of the colonial law of capitulation, support for strengthening the foundations of the Shah's authoritarian rule, military invasion of Tabas, incitement and full support of Saddam in the imposed war, economic sanctions, directing opposition groups, psychological warfare, opposition to the peaceful access to nuclear technology, various aspects of cultural aggression, and soft warfare. This amount of resentment and hostility is rooted in the hegemonic nature of the United States on the one hand and the strategic position and rich natural resources of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the other. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, due to the Islamic nature, justiceseeking, independence, anti-hegemonic and protectionism of the oppressed people, these hostilities took on much deeper aspects.