نشریه کارافن
سال هفدهم شماره 51 (زمستان 1399)

The faculty members of the universities have a key role in training the professional and efficient human resources needed by the society and creating insight in them, so it is very important to pay attention to their professional identity. The present study sought to identify important factors in the process of formation and development of their professional identity by studying the lived experience of faculty members and used qualitative research method and phenomenological strategy. Study population was faculties of Kurdistan University who were selected by purposive sampling method and the sample size reached 14 people due to saturation of opinions. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and using the data coding, the relevant findings were categorized and placed in the main and sub-categories and themes. Data were analyzed by using the seven-step Colizzi method. The result of the analysis was the extraction of semantic units embedded in the experiences of faculty members that were important in the formation and development of their professional identity and included five main themes "creation and effectiveness", "effective teaching", "Attention to environment", "classified audience" and "organizational coordination". These topics expressed the depth of experiences of university professors in relation to the phenomenon of professional identity and the extent of development of these cases was a measure of their work success. Attention to the findings of this study can provide insights to higher education institutions to better understand professional identity of faculties and create the ground to strengthen the important issues in its formation and development and thus in training quality and efficient human resources to be more effective.

The purpose of this study was to identify the components affecting the recruitment of faculty members and provide a model. In terms of practical purpose and data, a mixed descriptive approach was used. The statistical population consisted of a small number of all faculty members of the Technical and Vocational University. The sample group was selected from Krejcie and Morgan Table and 132 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. The research community of the qualitative sector included experts in the field of recruitment. The method used was conscious sampling which is a targeted type of snowball sampling method where information was saturated in 30 people. For the quantitative aspect of the research, Cronbach's alpha was measured and the total alpha was 0.90. Its validity was performed through simultaneous validity and CVR. In the qualitative section of the research, national and international documents were reviewed and matched with the findings of the quantitative section. In order to determine the internal validity of the findings, in addition to studying the theoretical foundations and interviewing focal individuals, the opinions of a group of experts were also taken into account. To obtain the external validity of the findings, theoretical saturation techniques were used. The findings of the quantitatively identified part of the study support the structures of the faculty recruitment model. The findings of the qualitative aspect of the research also confirm the findings of the quantitative sector, which showed that the relevant model includes the doctrinal, scientific, educational, research and technology dimensions, services, counseling, professional development, maturity and leadership abilities.

Given the importance of training in organizations to adapt to environmental change, the main purpose of this study was training needs assessment of technical and vocational instructors in order to extract appropriate training courses for instructors. The research was selected based on the symbolic interpretive-paradigm, qualitative method and exploratory strategy. Necessary data was collected through in-depth interviews with 40 instructors. By content analyzing the data based on DACUM technic, 23 job tasks including preparation and compilation of educational topics, design and planning, participation in exams, course evaluation, comprehensive assessment, mastery of teaching methods and techniques, classroom management, modeling best practices, research and study, being responsive, helping to engage learners, transferring views, criticisms and suggestions to organization officials, training coaching, managing the purchase of training course items, managing workshop safety and health, field development, consulting and expertise, communicating with experts, development of communications outside the province, holding excellent classes, introducing organization and new tools and models, were extracted. In addition, instructors need 67 components of competence to perform these tasks. Based on these competencies, 110 training modules required by instructors were extracted. Finally, strengthening coaches' knowledge and communication skills were identified as the most important training needs.

Entrepreneurial policy to increase productive entrepreneurial activities can lead to the economic development of countries. One of the most productive businesses is knowledge-based companies. Ecosystems play an important role in the development of high-tech businesses. Therefore, this article examines the entrepreneurial ecosystem and development policies of knowledge-based companies with six dimensions: legislative policies, access to research and development policies, consulting services policies, financial policies, and access to infrastructure policies. Efficient and examines market and customer policies on the development of knowledge-based companies. This research is applied from the perspective of purpose and the data collection method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical sample includes 142 knowledge-based experts and managers. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. According to the findings of this study, five dimensions of policies affect the development of knowledge-based companies. Here are some suggestions.

Today increasing the level of education of human resources and reducing job opportunities due to the economic crisis in the current world, has become one of the major challenges of societies around the world. Academic entrepreneurship is increasingly important in order to find new ways to compete, increase job opportunities, succeed in uncertain and unpredictable environments, and find solutions to many challenges at the local and global levels. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers to the development of academic entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge in Razi university using a structural interpretive approach. The research method is a quantitative method, in terms of applied purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. the statistical population of the study was university professors and university entrepreneurs at Razi university that who were selected by purposive sampling method according to indicators such as experience, expertise, willingness and ability to participate and availability. in order to prepare the data, first by reviewing the theoretical foundations and using the opinions of 19 university professors and entrepreneurs at Razi university, the most important obstacles to entrepreneurship development and knowledge commercialization in Razi university were identified through delphi method and structural-interpretive modeling method was used for data analysis. the results show that among barriers to entrepreneurship development and commercialization of knowledge, different motivation of industry activists and university and lack of communication and networks between investors, industry activists and academics as the key factors in this study were recognized.

This study aims to design an appropriate model of entrepreneurship development based on value creation of academic knowledge-based companies. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and the field study will be used to distribute the questionnaire in order to prioritize these factors using the best-worst method. Finally, a formula is used to calculate the incompatibility rate in order to verify the validity of the relevant comparisons. The statistical population of this research is experts and business specialists and managers of university knowledge-based companies across the country. ANP fuzzy multi-criteria decision making models were used to determine the priority of research criteria and indicators. The results of the present study show that, in the first rank (entrepreneurial self-confidence), in the second rank (using the opinions of experts), in the third rank (allocation and lending), in the fourth rank (directing loans and facilities to production), in rank fifth (intellectual capital management), sixth (human resource management), seventh (value creation model for the development of startup entrepreneurship) and eighth (knowledge acquisition).

Entrepreneurial behaviour is a motivation and action that enables the entrepreneur to create and take advantage of opportunities. An Entrepreneurial University improves students' entrepreneurial behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and explain the dimensions of the entrepreneurial university affecting the entrepreneurial behaviour of students at the Alborz University of Applied Sciences. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The research method was mixed-exploratory (quantitative-qualitative). For the qualitative part, 28 interviews were carried out with experts selected through snowball sampling method and for the quantitative part, 376 entrepreneurship professors were selected and studied by random sampling. The findings of the qualitative section were analysed through open and axial coding and led to the extraction of 224 primary codes, 29 components in 8 dimensions (including economic and social conditions, in-university context, university environment and value creation, institutionalization of entrepreneurship, structural changes, management optimization, acceptance of entrepreneurial mission and networking). After obtaining the dimensions of the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed inspired by related studies. Therefore, the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS and smartPLS3 software. Findings showed that all the dimensions had a significant effect on students' entrepreneurial behaviour.

Optimism is one of the factors that affect people's entrepreneurial Passion. Creating optimism leads to positive interactions between the individual and the business, and ultimately promotes entrepreneurial Passion. Optimism is one of the inner characteristics of all human beings that is relied on in positive psychology. Positive psychology while addressing the capabilities of individuals; It also looks at tendencies and how their tendencies affect efficiency and effectiveness. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of optimism on entrepreneurial of Passion entrepreneurs. The research method in this research is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population including all entrepreneurs located in the Science and Technology Park of the University of Tehran, which by calculating the Cochran's formula of 120 people with a researcher-made questionnaire using simple random sampling method to analyze the data, PLS software was used. The research results show; Optimism has a positive effect on entrepreneurial Passion and is one of the dimensions of optimism that includes continuity, inclusiveness and personalization; Personalization has the greatest impact on entrepreneurial passion. Positive psychology while addressing the capabilities of individuals; It also pays attention to their tendencies and how their tendencies affect their efficiency and effectiveness. Seligman sees optimism as a cognitive state that goes back to how people think about causes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the education management system of the Technical and Vocational University or Samyad in virtual education during the Covid-19 pandemic and to study its harmful effects. Due to the limited data required by different centers during this pandemic and the nascent field of virtual education, an attempt was made to make a comparison between the impact of face-to-face and virtual education on faculty staff and students. The present research used a descriptive research method in the form of a survey carried out by creating a questionnaire and reviewing 21 variables. Issues such as students' access to high-speed internet, the adaptability of professors and the use of an appropriate online education system were identified and questions based on the scaling and size of these factors were examined in a questionnaire. In addition, in calculating Cronbach's alpha number, the value of 0.962 was obtained for all 21 questions. In this study, both parametric and non-parametric correlation tests were used for all statistical calculations required to show the willingness of students to continue their education in virtual or face-to-face classes. The statistical population included 642 students of all disciplines at Shamsipour University in Tehran.

Nowadays, as the competitive environment of businesses increases, they try to continue their activities in this dynamic and turbulent environment. One of the important factors for competition in the small and medium sized enterprises is innovation. Innovation also reduces costs and increases business productivity. As a consequence, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of strategic innovation on innovative performance with the role of environmental moderator in small and medium sized enterprises located in industrial towns in Kermanshah province. The method used in this research is a descriptive- Survey method. The statistical population of the study includes small and medium sized industrial companies operating in Kermanshah (N = 567) which according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan (1970) 234 companies were randomly selected as a sample. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software. The results show that strategic innovation is positively and significantly (0.263) related to the performance of small and medium sized enterprises and in competitive environments (0.251) with a small percentage difference compared to the dynamic environment (0.247), strategic innovation has a greater impact on innovative performance. The more competition there is, the stronger the impact of strategic innovation on innovative performance.

The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the empowerment of Free Technical and Vocational Schools using FAHP and FTOPSIS techniques. The statistical population of this research included the experts and managers of the Technical and Professional Organization of 14 Free Technical and Vocational Schools in Isfahan Province, numbering 35 people. To identify the effective factors affecting empowerment of these schools using the Delphi method, after reviewing the background, 14 experts were interviewed. Indicators were extracted from the research literature reviewed and approved by experts. Finally, 4 main criteria and 14 sub-criteria affecting the performance of Free Technical and Vocational Schools as well as 13 solutions for empowering schools were identified. A questionnaire was used to make pairwise comparisons. The combined approach of FAHP was used to weight the criteria and FTOPSIS was used to identify and prioritize the enablers of Free Technical and Vocational Schools. The results indicate that in the ranking of solutions, the empowerment criteria of "implementation of skills training tailored to local and regional needs" and "removal of the ban on employing government employees as the founder of schools" were respectively ranked in first and last places.

With the aim of success in the labor market and improving the level of employability, developing the skills and competencies of students and graduates is one of the criteria for evaluating the quality of higher education institutions, especially community-based and entrepreneurial universities. Due to the importance of employability of graduates, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of employability of graduates of technical and vocational colleges from the perspective of cultural and student deputies by survey method. The statistical population of the study consists of all deputies, from which 107 people selected by full census method. A researcher-made questionnaire adapted from the De Vos & Soens questionnaire used to data gathering. The Content Validity of this questionnaire confirmed by experts and its reliability confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87. From the perspective of the deputies who have the most socio-political relations with students and graduates, the employability of graduates evaluated at a desirable level. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant difference between the opinions of deputies in the field of employability and the level of employability of graduates of all colleges is not the same and in comparison, some have better performance and provide more chances for their graduates to get a suitable job.

The key to the success of any online education is to pay attention to student satisfaction. Students 'satisfaction with how they learn in online classes is an important variable and can help instructors and lesson planners to create an environment tailored to students' needs. Lessons should be presented in a way that has a positive impact on students' online learning experience. Students' individual differences, such as technology self-efficacy, personality, and participation, affect their satisfaction with the course. So far, a lot of research has been done to investigate the factors affecting student satisfaction, but no special attention has been paid to the type of courses offered. In this article, in addition to examining the factors affecting students' satisfaction in online learning, the effect of offering two types of theoretical and workshop courses in technical and vocational universities has been discussed. It was done in these two types of courses. The results showed that although the factors of learner-teacher interaction, learner-content interaction and Internet self-efficacy are the most effective factors for student satisfaction, but the type of course presentation changes the importance of these factors according to the theory or workshop.

Mathematics can be considered as the sweetest lesson for learners, provided that various techniques of educational technology are used to objectify the abstract concepts and special rules and regulations that exist in mathematics. Considering that Iran is seeking a scientific jump, Therefore, it is necessary to use new teaching methods to achieve progress and learning and motivate students. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mathematics teaching in the manner of on improving student's academic motivation. Type of research, applied and research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The data collection method was library and field method which in the field method the Harter academic achievement motivation questionnaire was used. The population of the study was all boy students of first-grade on primary school in Yazd city in the academic year of 2018-2019. Among the selected sample, a multistage cluster sampling method, 32 subjects with lower educational motivation were selected for research. And randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The results of data analysis using covariance analysis showed that teaching methods designed in the manner of story, improve the internal motivation of students but has no effect on the external motivation of students.