مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و سوم شماره 5 (پیاپی 173، آذر و دی 1399)

Injury behavior is one of the most common problems among adolescents today.The aim of this study was to predict self-injurious behaviors based on parent-child relationship and emotional regulation with the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas and coping styles. The method of the present study was correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of this study consisted of high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021,of which 300 samples were selected by cluster random sampling. Samplers completed the Intentional Self-harm Scale (DSHI), Lazarus Coping Strategies (WOCQ), Young Schema (YSQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CERQ), and Parent-Child Relationship Assessment (PCRS).  Findings showed that the structural model of the study based on the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas and coping styles with stress between parent-child relationship and emotional regulation with self-harming behaviors fits with the collected data. Emotional coping style in a positive way and problematizing coping style in a negative and significant way, initial maladaptive schemas in a positive and significant way, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in a negative and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in a positive and significant way The parent / child relationship negatively and significantly predicts self-harming behaviors. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in order to prevent and control adolescents' self-harming behaviors, it is necessary to pay attention to the parent-child relationship and early maladaptive schemas, coping styles and stress regulation.

The purpose of this study was the Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Continous Training on the Gene Expression of Bcl2, Bax and  P-53 Protein in the Left Ventricle type 2 diabetes of Male Rats

24 male diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups of 8; High-intensity intensity interval training (HIIT), Moderate training (CT), and Control (C). Diabetes was induced in a pellet with a high-fat diet (30% fat and 25% fructose) for 24 weeks. Glucose oxidase was used to measure glucose in plasma using and the HOMA-IR method was used to measure insulin resistance index. PCR-Real time was used to determine the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes and P-53 Protein Synthesis.

geneexperision of Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the HIIT group compared to the CT (P=0/002) and control groups (p=0/000) and in the CT group compared to the Control group (p=0/033). Bax gene was significantly decreased in both groups HIIT(p=0/000) and CT(p=0/009) compared to the Control group (P=0/0001). P-53 protein synthesis was significantly in HIIT compared to CT (p=0/012) and control group (p=0/000).

Based on the findings, 8 weeks of intensity interval training with a higher effect on increasing Bcl-2 gene expression and decreased P-53 protein synthesis may improve left ventricular apoptosis in diabetic rats which reduces fibrosis and dysfunction in the heart tissue and may be an effective factor in reducing diabetic cardiomyopathy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-care behaviors in explaining the relationship between personality type D and problem-solving styles with health-promoting lifestyle in coronary heart disease patients. For this purpose, 400 patients with coronary heart disease who referred to Tehran Cardiovascular Hospital during July to October of 2019 were selected by convenience sampling method and Walker's Health Lifestyle Questionnaire, The D-Denolt personality type questionnaire, Cassidy and Lang problem solving styles questionnaire, and self-care index in Rigel et al. Cardiovascular patients were answered and multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The results showed that type D personality has a direct effect on lifestyle through self-care. The results also showed that self-care plays a mediating role between problem-solving and health-promoting lifestyle. The results of the present study indicate the mediating role played by caring behaviors between personality type D and problem solving styles with health promoting lifestyle.

kidney cancer has a frequency of 3% in all cancers and this frequence has increased recently. We tried to investigate the prevalence, stage and type of renal tumors within 15 years in Mashhad.  

Methods & Materials: 

In this cross-sectional study, the pathologie of patients undergone nephrectomy due to tumor in previous (2001-2002) and recent(2016-2017)years in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, were examined. All records of both groups were reviewed including demographic information and  mass informations such as number, size and type of pathology.  

Among 145 patients, 45 (31%) were prevoiusly registered in 2001-2002 and 100 (69%) were recently registered in 2016-2017. 71% of new cases and 55.56% of prevoius cases were male and both groups were in second group. There was no significant differences in the frequency distribution of gender (P = 0.07), disease grade (P = 0.75), mass location (P = 0.24), resection type (P = 0.89), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.74) and extracapsular (P = 0.84) between old and new cases. The final diagnosis in 95% of new cases and 84.4% of old cases was renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and there was a significant difference in the frequency distribution of the final diagnosis between old and new cases (P = 0.02).  

This study shows the general pattern and increasing incidence of RCC in Mashhad, which requires further studies to investigate the etiology and risk factors and even eliminate them if possible.

Research has shown that academic burnout is affected by parenting and psychological interventions can help to eliminate burnout; Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of positive parenting education and mindfulness-based stress management on students' academic burnout.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. In which 45 parents of junior high school students in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling and based on purpose and multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into three control groups (15 people), control group. (15 people) were in the control group (15 people) and members of all groups, in two stages of pre-test and post-test, had completed the Barso et al. (1997) burnout questionnaire. For statistical analysis of the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used using SPSS software.

The results showed that positive parenting education and mindfulness-based stress management improved academic burnout scores and academic inefficiency component compared to the control group (P≤0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of positive parenting education and mindfulness-based stress management in post-test burnout and follow-up (P≤0.05).

According to the results, it seems that positive parenting education and mindfulness-based stress management is an effective method in academic burnout of students.

Encouraging people to get married and maintaining a family system is one of the priorities of any society. according to this the present study was conducted with the purpose of Olson's marriage enrichment program on the responsibility and empathy of the marriage volunteers. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all marriage volunteers who attended consultation and psychological service centers for pre-marriage consultation in the city of Isfahan in the third quarter of 2019. 30 couples were selected through multi-stage clustered random sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 couples). The experimental group received seven sessions of Olson's marriage enrichment program during two months. The applied questionnaires included California personality questionnaire (1987) and empathy questionnaire (Jolif and Farington, 2006). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that Olson's marriage enrichment program is effective on the responsibility and empathy in marriage volunteers (p<0.0001) in a way that it succeeded in responsibility and empathy in marriage volunteers. Therefore, Olson's marriage enrichment program can be employed as an efficient method to improve responsibility and empathy in marriage volunteers through applying concepts such as Active expression and listening skills, conflict resolution training, problem solving training and improving sexuality.

Poisoning is one of the causes of loss l of consciousness that should always be considered .This gas is a no-smelling, color and taste that is highly toxic. If we do not think of this poisoning, the diagnosis is difficult and may be mistaken.

Case reports: 

Emergency reported when arrived to patient’s home, found 3 patients in different areas. The family's mother, along with the stove, while cyanotic and having pulse and also found 3 canned fish near her .The father was found next to the toil while he was confused. The 15-year-old daughter was found along with her moth without pulse. The family girl autopsy have shown carboxy- hemoglobin level 50. Accidental poisoning with carbon monoxide has been reported in several articles. Due to the variable symptoms lead to misdiagnosis in 1/3 cases. The diagnosis is made by carboxy- hemoglobin measurement, in non- smoker patients level of carboxy- hemoglobin level of 2-3% and greater than 9% in smoker patients.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a lethal condition, such poisoning may be miss-diagnosed or not diagnosis. At the beginning of the cold season, we must think about this diagnosis.

Mental illnesses are physical illnesses that are effective in initiating or exacerbating mental illnesses, the most important of which are gastrointestinal ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of commitment and acceptance therapy on pain severity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcer.

Method:

The statistical population was all patients with gastric ulcer referring to public health centers in Tehran (Al-Ghadir Hospital, Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Shariati Hospital) in winter of 1977. 45 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Measurement tools included the McKill Pain Intensity Questionnaire (2000) and Endler and Parker Coping Styles (1990). Subjects in the first experimental group participated in 8 90-minute sessions of commitment and acceptance therapy. The control group did not receive any psychological treatment during this period. Data analysis was performed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc tests.

There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups after treatment. The mean score of pain severity and improvement of stress coping styles decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.001).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that commitment and acceptance therapy are effective on pain severity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcer.

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) can be defined as a daily unjustified drowsiness with at least five obstructive breathing events during sleep time. Drowsiness  related to OSA can causes harmful medical and social consequences, so controlling it should be regarded. Concerning the role of being motionless, increasing BMI and decreasing the tone of the throat muscles base in causing OSA, the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on apnea/hypopnea index(AHI) and BMI has been surveyed in this study.  

In this quasi-experimental research, 24 middle aged men among the ages of 41-55, BMI=25-30 and AHI>10 were studied in two groups. Continuous aerobic exercise group started doing exercises for eight weeks, three sessions weekly and each session for 40 or 45 minutes with the intensity of 55 to 60 percent of the maximum heart rate and ended it with the 75 to 80 percent of MHR in the last week.control group had no exercise program. AHI was measured by polysomnography and BMI at the beginning and the end of the research. Comparing the data was done by independent T test in SPSS  software, version 26.

Evaluating differences among the averages for AHI, p= 0.028 was found so that there was meaningful difference between two groups (p < 0.05).besides for BMI, p= 0.11 was found so that there was no meaningful difference between two groups (p>0.05).

This research proved that a meaningful decrease in the amount of obstructive sleep apnea in affected  men occurred by doing continuous aerobic exercises while no meaningful change in BMI was observed.

depression is among those disorders that negatively influence cognitive, psychological and emotional process of the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy on the negative automatic thoughts and psychological flexibility of depressed clients at consultation centers.

the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included clients with depression who referred to consultation centers in the autumn and winter of 2019-2020 in the city of Ahvaz. 40 people with depression were selected from the statistical population through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control group (each group of 20). The experimental group received ten ninety-minute sessions of reality therapy (Glasser, 2013) during two and half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included depression questionnaire (Beck et.al, 1996), negative automatic thoughts questionnaire (Kendal and Holon, 1980) and psychological flexibility questionnaire (Denis and Wanderwal, 2010). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

the results showed that group reality therapy has significant effect on the negative automatic thoughts and psychological flexibility of the depressed clients at consultation centers (p < 0.001) in a way that this therapy succeeded in improving the decrease of negative automatic thoughts and improving psychological flexibility of depressed client at consultation centers.

Research has shown that early detection and intervention of generalized anxiety disorder can help to minimize symptoms and slow its progression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and neurofeedback therapy on reducing anxiety symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder in Dezful.

The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with generalized anxiety disorder referred to counseling centers in Dezful. Thirty people from the community were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. In all three groups, patients' anxiety disorders were assessed through the 7-item General Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), both experimental groups were treated for 8 sessions and each session for one hour. Due to non-observance of the assumptions of analysis of covariance, the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and SPSS software.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral and neurofeedback therapies were able to reduce the symptoms of generalized anxiety compared to the control group (p <0.01) and also the effect of neurofeedback therapy on reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety was greater (p <0.01).

According to the obtained results, cognitive-behavioral and neurofeedback therapies can be used to reduce the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes the destruction of myelin and axonal degeneration. Given that multiple sclerosis is one of the most common neurological diseases, especially in young people, this disease is one of the main public health concerns. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of MS. Many molecular mechanisms control the process of myelination in the nervous system, and any changes in these regulatory mechanisms lead to impaired myelination. Current therapies have focus on controling the immune mechanisms involved in the disease process and are therefore only effective in the early stages of the disease and have no effect on axonal remyelination. But, therapies that reinforce the remyelination process may delay or prevent disability. Some recent studies have investigated the role of key genes of the Hippo signaling pathway in the myelination process of myelinating glial cells. According to these studies, the activity of YAP1/TAZ and its negative regulation in the Hippo pathway via CRB3, a cellular polarization factor, regulates myelin sheath synthesis. Thus, dysregulation of these genes can play a major role in the pathogenesis of many diseases related to the nervous system. Because there is no comprehensive review of the relationship between the hippo signaling pathway and multiple sclerosis; in this study, in addition to a narrative review of MS and its predisposing factors, the Hippo pathway as a pathway implicated in the defect of the myelination process in MS was investigated.

generalized anxiety affects patients' personal, social and occupational life anxiety. according to this the present study was to investigate the effectiveness metacognition therapy on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with generalized anxiety.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the current study was all the patients with social anxiety referring to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in 2017. Non-probable available and random replacement were used in the present study. After selecting the sample size and replacing them in the experimental and control groups, the experimental group received ninety-minute teaching interventions during three months once a week. The applied questionnaires in the current study included generalized anxiety disorder (Spitner, et.al, 2006), anxiety questionnaire (Beck, Epstein, Brown and Steer, 1988), psychological wellbeing questionnaire (Ryff, 1980). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results of data analysis showed that metacognition therapy have been effective on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with generalized anxiety (p < 0.001). This treatment has been shown to reduce anxiety and improve the psychological well-being of patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that metacognitive therapy is an effective way to reduce anxiety and improve the psychological well-being of patients with generalized anxiety disorder and can be used for patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Chronic diseases such as MS can lead to despair, negative emotions and thoughts, and decrease the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of spirituality therapy and mindfulness training on cortisol levels and resiliency in patients with MS. The present study was a quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients referring to MS Association of Tehran who were selected using available sampling method and 60 patients were randomly divided into three groups. The results of covariance analysis showed that spirituality and mindfulness intervention were effective on cortisol level and resiliency (p < 0.001). Comparison results also showed that spirituality therapy had more effect on cortisol level and resiliency (p < 0.001). Both mindfulness and mindfulness methods were useful in MS patients, but spirituality had more effect on cortisol improvement and resiliency in MS patients.

MS is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous that affects all aspects of a person's life and consequently increases the anxiety of death. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of life expectancy in the relationship between psychological hardiness and the power to tolerate ambiguity with anxiety of death in patients with MS.

This research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all patients with MS in Zanjan province, out of which 135 persion were selected by convenience sampling. Four tools including death anxiety instruments, Ahwaz hardiness questionnaire(AHI), Schneider's hope questionnaire and Mclean et al tolerance of ambiguity scale were implemented and data were analyzed using the path analysis method with the help of smart-pls software.

The results showed that the death anxiety coefficient was negative and significant with all three variables of psychological hardiness (-0.38), power to tolerate ambiguity (-0.36) and life expectancy (-0.45). Path coefficients of psychological hardiness (0.26) and tolerance of ambiguity (0.40) were positive and significant with life expectancy. Then the research hypotheses were confirmed.

The results of this study can be used in the improvement and therapeutic counseling of MS patients. Intervention with psychological hardiness and the power to tolerate ambiguity of this patients can increase their life expectancy and reduce anxiety of death.

Addiction has been recognized as one of the most important social, economic and health problems of the present century, that its consequences are considered as serious threat to human society and the need to pay more attention is felt. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on attachment style, marital adjustment, and social adjustment in drug abusive men.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was all men with drug abuse. The sample consisted of 30 men with drug abuse who were selected by available sampling method and were placed in two groups of experimental and control (n=15 in each group). The experimental group received compassion-focused therapy, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data collection tools were Hazen & Shaver Attachment Style Questionnaire (1987), Spaniard DAS Marital Adaptation (1976) and California Social Compatibility CPI (1953). Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 statistical software and analysis of covariance.

The results showed that compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on attachment style, marital adjustment and social adjustment in drug abusers (p <0.001) and the effect size in this study was 0.453, which indicates that 45.7% of the difference in the posttest scores of the variables of attachment style, marital adjustment and social adjustment of the subjects in the experimental group was related to the effectiveness of compassion-focused treatment.

Based on the findings of this study, compassion-focused therapy is an effective treatment to remove the individual and social problems of drug abusers, and performing the interventions based on this approach can be effective in improving their relationships with their families and other social relationships. Therefore, using this treatment in medical centers for such patients and the patients with other types of diseases and mental disorders can be effective in improving the health and well-being of the community.

One of the factors leading to the reduction of the stability and quality of marital life is couple burnout. Hence, any endeavor for protecting the couples’ relationship against possible damages is necessary and valuable .Accordingly,the present study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between irrational Relationship beliefs and couple burnout.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational, and was basic regarding its purpose.The sample size included 300 married women living in Tehran that were selected through the accessible sampling method.To collect data, Pines’s couple burnout (CBM;1996), Eidelson and Epstein’s Relationship beliefs (IRB;1982),and Garnefski, kraaij, and Spinhoven’s cognitive emotion regulation(CERQ;2006)questionnaires were used.Finally,Data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation and path analysis.

The results of the mediation analysis indicated that the direct effect of irrational Relationship beliefs on couple burnout was significant (β=0.396;p < 0.05).The indirect effect of irrational Relationship beliefs on couple burnout through non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation was also significant (β=0.061; p < 0.05).Therefore, non- adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation had a partial mediating role in the relationship between irrational Relationship beliefs and couple burnout.

According to the result of the present study, it can be acknowledged that the relationship beliefs and strategies of cognitive emotion regulation have an important and influential role in the stability and quality of couples’ life because the shortcomings related to the couples’affective and emotional capabilities along with the dysfunctional beliefs can become an obstacle for building the intimate relationships and perceiving the feelings correctively that leads to the reduction of couples’ satisfaction.So the results of the present study can be used for early detection of couple burnout and preventing its occurrence.

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes defect in the children’s psychological, emotional and cognitive processes. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of alpha neurofeedback on the executive functions of the children with ADHD.

the research method was quasi-experimental in pretest, posttest design with control group and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study included male children with ADHD in 2020 who referred to psychiatry and psychology clinics in Mashhad. 14 primary school children with ADHD were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 7). The children in the experimental group took 30 sessions of neurofeedback therapy during two-and-a-half months. Conners’ ADHDH questionnaires, parents form, and continuous performance test were used in the current study. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software.

the results showed that alpha neurofeedback has significant effect on the executive function of the children with ADHD (p < 0.001) in a way that this therapy was able to lead to the improvement of the executive functions in these children.

according to the results of the present study, neurofeedback can be considered an efficient therapy to improve executive functions of the children with ADHD through offering biologic feedbacks and the people’s knowledge in mental and cognitive processes.

Studies show the effect of learning disability on school anxiety and students' shyness. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on school anxiety and shyness in students with learning disabilities.

In this study, quasi-experimental method and pre-test and post-test design with control group were used. The statistical population of this study included fourth and fifth grade male and female students of elementary school in Tehran who have math learning disabilities and have been referred to learning disability rehabilitation centers. From this population, 30 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 each). School Anxiety Inventory (Phillips, 1978) and Shyness Questionnaire (Cruiser, 1995) were the research tools. The research findings were finally analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and covariance test at the level of 0.05.

Descriptive findings showed that the scores of the experimental group compared to the scores of the control group had a significant decrease in both school anxiety and shyness. The result of analysis of covariance showed that after removing the pre-test effect, the mean post-test scores of the two groups had a statistically significant difference (p <0.001).

According to the results, this study shows that cognitive-behavioral play therapy has a positive effect on reducing school anxiety and shyness in students with learning disabilities.

This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the structural relationships of spouse-based behaviors based on the pathological traits of personality: the mediating role of the spouse's value system and the couple's performance.

The present study method was correlational with the structural model approach. From the statistical population of student couples in Islamic Azad Universities, Research Sciences Branch and Roudehen Branch, 378 samples were selected using the available method. The couple responded. The research data were analyzed using path analysis and structural model.

The overall path coefficient between the pathological traits of personality with positive behaviors of maintaining a negative spouse and with negative behaviors of maintaining a positive spouse was significant at the level of 0.01. The results also showed that the spouse's value system and the couple's performance mediate the relationship between Spouse Preservation Behaviors and the character's pathological traits.

By strengthening the value system of the spouse and the performance of the spouse, the behaviors of maintaining the spouse and thus marital satisfaction can be improved.

Green human resources is also one of the relevant topics and a subset of the topic of sustainable development and friendly environmental management, which has been considered by researchers, international institutions and other organizations since the beginning of this century. Ignoring it causes irreparable damage to organizations. This research has been conducted with the aim of designing a green human resource management model in Islamic Azad University and using a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative).

In the qualitative part, Delphi method was used. In this part, the research model was compiled by performing three rounds of Delphi method. In the quantitative part, using the scenario method and in SPSS and Vansim software environment, the proposed model and questions Presented in the qualitative stage were examined. The statistical population in the qualitative section included 15 experts in the field of human resource management who were selected by snowball method.

 The results showed that green analysis and design, green human resource planning, green employment, green selection, green socialization, green staff communication, green development, green reward management, green health management, discipline management Green and green performance evaluation are the explored dimensions of green human resource management. In this research, with the help of scenario writing, the green human resource management model was designed and compiled in Islamic Azad University.

It seems that the pattern of green human resources can affect the health of the community. In this regard, it is suggested that more research be done.

Today, with increasing competition for better products and services, it is necessary for organizations to provide services with more committed behavior to achieve customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional factors on customer service commitment.

In this study, which is a descriptive survey study, 110 vendors from one of the chain stores who were selected using random sampling method answered the standard questionnaires and finally, the questionnaire data through structural equation testing Were analyzed by PLS software.

 The results showed that emotional factors such as; The dimensions of emotional intelligence (evaluating one's own and others' emotions, modifying emotions and applying emotions) and emotional work affect the customer service commitment.

It seems that emotional work and commitment to customer service can reduce employees' emotional fatigue.

Due to the importance of the university as a center of production of social capital, the University of Medical Sciences is more important partiqurarly in providing services in crisis situations.The aim of the present study is to test the designed model of social capital development with the citizenship behavior approach in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The present study is an applied developmental research, which is performed on the basis of Delphi method in the second semester of 2019-2020 in Mashhad University of medical sciences. A panel of experts consisting of 25 academics and university administrators were selected using target sampling method. Different dimensions of social capital and citizenship behavior which were extracted from the data web services and the earlier related studies, were considered through several meetings in the three major sessions and ultimately the final dimensions were confirmed.

The appropriate social capital developmental model based on citizenship behavior with 9 dimensions and 42 components were finalized. In citizenship behavior variable, the dimensions were included individual and organizational and in social capital variable, the dimensions were included structural, communicational, cognitive, management, organizational, group and individual. The statistics resulted from Kendall rank correlation coefficient for the identified dimensions, showing the intense agreement of panel members on the perceptional model of research. Also, management, cognitive and organizational dimensions in social capital variable shows stronger correlation with other dimensions.  

 According to the findings of the implementation of three stages of Delphi technique, the effective factors identified for designing a social capital development model in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with a citizenship behavior approach; These nine dimensions are mentioned that by explaining and recognizing their current situation, an effective step can be taken to design a model of social capital development with a citizenship behavior approach in this great university of the country and its results can be used for other universities of medical sciences.

Stress is an important factor in athletes' performance and research has shown that emotional intelligence is an important variable in relation to performance; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and sport performance and stress in volleyball players.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all male and female volleyball players in Lahijan in 2020, from which 78 people were selected as a sample by random sampling. Research instruments included Schering (1996) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress Scale and Charbonio Sports Performance questionnaire (2001). Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and sports performance and a negative and significant relationship with stress in volleyball players in Lahijan (P≤0.001).

It seems that emotional intelligence can have an optimal effect on stress and performance and it is suggested that sports coaches to increase athletes 'performance and reduce stress to strengthen athletes' emotional intelligence.

Considering the formulation of general policies of the administrative system, development programs, etc., in the eleventh and twelfth governments, as well as the adaptation of these policies in institutions related to public health, the purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual model of dimensions, categories. Macro and basic is the evaluation of administrative system reform programs implemented in medical universities in Semnan province.

The research paradigm is an interpretation that was used with an inductive approach of the data theory theory strategy, in addition to the data obtained from the review of relevant texts, the opinions of presenters, observers and policy makers are also used; Thus, while analyzing the content of texts related to policy evaluation, administrative reform programs and documents related to the administrative reform program, snowball sampling was used to obtain the opinions of stakeholders. In this study, after interviewing 12 people in 37 sessions No new data appeared and theoretical saturation occurred.

 Extracting a systemic conceptual model from the administrative system reform programs of the first and second periods implemented in the executive bodies of Semnan University of Medical Sciences includes 280 basic concepts, 71 basic categories, 9 macro categories and six dimensions.

Current evaluation of administrative policy in the executive organs of Semnan province with characteristics; Method-oriented, goal-oriented, retrospective and focused on the implementation of the policy-making process that these results can be used in designing a comprehensive system of administrative policy evaluation of medical universities in Semnan province.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention treatment on the symptoms of addiction and negative emotions in men dependent on stimulant drugs (glass).

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all men addicted to stimulants (glass) who referred to the TC center of Karaj province in the fall of 1397. The available sampling method (40 men) were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. In the pre-test stage, the Madzley Addiction Profile Scale and the short form of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered. Then the experimental group was treated for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention and at the end both groups underwent post-test and follow-up period (3 months). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the treatment. Thus, the mean score of addiction symptoms and negative emotions in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group (P <0.001).

According to these results, mindfulness-based relapse prevention treatment seems to be an effective treatment approach for addicts dependent on stimulant drugs and this protocol can be used in therapeutic interventions.

Research has shown that companies need to find ways to increase their sales and productivity that can adopt a different strategy from other companies, especially in times of global crisis to provide better customer service, in this regard. Investment decisions in R&D can play an important role. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of investment in research and development and productivity during the Covid 19 epidemic crisis.

The statistical population of this study was the senior managers of all production and organizational lines, Zamyad Automotive Company (223 managers), of which 210 managers were selected and tested. The results of testing the hypotheses of this research were analyzed using structural equations and LISREL software.

 The results showed that investment in research and development has a significant role on productivity and also the role of intellectual capital, financial costs and manager's risk profile on managers' investment in research and development was confirmed.

It seems that considering the environmental conditions and considering the crises created according to scientific sources and documents and research can affect productivity and investment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional work and work-family conflict with the mediating role of job stress and modifiers of social support and independence in the work of female nurses in Iranshahr Hospital.

The study population consisted of 150 female nurses of Iranshahr Hospital who were selected by simple random sampling. To measure the variables studied in this study, Difendorf et al. (2005) Emotional Work Questionnaire, Carlson-Family Conflict Questionnaire (2000), HSE Job Stress Questionnaire (1990), Phillips Social Support Questionnaire (1986) and Jang Job 1995 (1995) ) used. The proposed model was evaluated through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS software version 22.

The results of the study showed: 1. There is a significant relationship between emotional work and work-family conflict with the mediating role of job stress. 2. There is a significant relationship between emotional work and job stress. 3. There is a significant relationship between job stress and work-family conflict. 4. There is a significant relationship between emotional work and job stress with the moderating role of social support. 5. There is a significant relationship between emotional work and job stress with the moderating role of independence in work. 6. There is a significant relationship between emotional work and job stress with the moderating role of social support and independence in work.

According to the results, female nurses face many problems in their career and personal path, so it is necessary for managers to support them in these critical situations. Observing the job hierarchy, paying attention to the factors that create job insecurity, creating flexible working hours, trying to reduce potential risks in the workplace that in addition to affecting work-family conflict can affect other aspects such as mental health, physical health and motivation for Perform tasks and ... affect.

This study was conducted to design a model for changing the organizational culture of education departments with an organizational transformation approach.

The research method was mixed and the statistical population was qualitative 25 university and education specialists. The sampling method was purposeful in the qualitative part and stratified in the quantitative part with appropriate allocation. Delphi questionnaire (qualitative section) was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using face validity method and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze and qualitatively validate the organizational culture change model, the Delphi technique and quantitative validation of the confirmatory factor analysis method were used.

The results showed that the organizational culture change model includes 8 dimensions of creativity and innovation, organizational values, organizational solidarity, supervision and control, participatory orientation, organizational identity, transformation, management support and 27 components. The dimensions of control and supervision and participators were identified as the most important dimensions. The approved organizational transformation model includes 7 dimensions of mission, leadership style, human capital, organizational communication, organizational structure, information technology and reward system with 17 components. Also, the dimension of leadership style and components of leadership, transformational and internal reward were identified as the most important dimensions and components.

Based on the results, it can be said that this research, in addition to being very rich in theoretical support, will also help to develop the realm of cognition.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety in women with breast cancer. The present study was quantitative in terms of practical purpose, quantitative in terms of data collection method and semi-experimental in terms of methodology and post-test pre-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with breast cancer. The client went to the medical centers of Tehran in the second half of 1398. In the cluster random sampling method, three areas were randomly selected from among the areas of Tehran, three from among the medical centers of these areas, and then 40 women were randomly selected from among women with breast cancer. It was randomly assigned to two experimental groups (20 subjects) and control subjects (20 subjects). The Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberg Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect research data and the Multivariate Covariance Analysis Test (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the research data. Findings showed that the mean scores of the variables of anxiety and depression of the experimental group in the posttest were lower than the pretest. As a result, cognitive-behavioral therapy is significant for anxiety and depression in women with cancer.

Excessive homework and unrealistic expectations of those around you may make gifted students anxious. according to this the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation trainingon anxiety of high school gifted students.

The research method of the present study was experimental with pretest, posttest control group, two-month follow-up research design. The statistical population of present study included all high-school gifted students in the city of Khorram Abad in academic year 2017-18. Simple random sampling method were used in the current study in a way that 30 students were selected through simple random sampling method from high school gifted ones in the city of Khorram Abad and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received teaching intervention (Gross, 2007) during ten seventy-five sessions during two months while the control group didn't receive such intervention during research. The applied questionnaire in the present study included anxiety questionnaire. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results showed that the intervention of emotion regulation traininghas significantly influenced gifted students' anxiety (p<0.001). Moreover, the results showed that this intervention could significantly maintain its effect in time (p<0.001). The effect of emotion regulation trainingon anxiety of gifted students was 69% respectively.

According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that emotion regulation trainingcan be used as an efficient treatment in order to decrease anxiety of gifted students.

Decreased emotional regulation is one of the issues of women and the effectiveness of different approaches has been shown on it; But what is the difference between a positive and Logo Therapy approach to it? The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of positive and Logo Therapy on emotional regulation in married women.

The research was conducted on a quasi-experimental basis with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all female and married parents of primary schools in District 8 of Tehran in 2019. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 60 people were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 Subjects. The research instruments included Difficulty Emotion Regulation scale (Gartz and Roemer, 2004. Positive therapy intervention included 8 sessions 90-minute were based on positive therapy presented by Chan (2018), Kaufman, and Silberman (2009), and meaningful therapy included 8 sessions 90 minute sessions based on the Schellenberg et al. (2010) protocol. The control group did not receive any intervention during the research. In addition to descriptive statistics, covariance analysis and Ben Ferroni pair were used to analyze the data using SPSS statistical software version 25.

The results showed that positive therapy had a significant effect on all components of emotional regulation (sig> 0.05), but Logo therapy had a significant effect only on the components of lack accepting emotional response, difficulty in purposeful behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse and lack of emotional clarity (sig< 0.05) but not significant effect on lack of emotional awareness and limited access to emotion regulation strategies (sig >0.05), However, the difference between the two treatment groups was not significant in any of the cases (sig >0.05).

The results showed that both treatments are a good option for improving emotional regulation in married women, which can be considered and used by counselors and psychologists.

In recent years, we have seen a lot of attention of researchers to the fields of market orientation, entrepreneurship and innovation. Also, in many years, comprehensive thoughts have been developed that the continuity in being innovative and market-oriented, and it is believed that these factors have a successful effect on increasing the performance of companies. Therefore, the current research has been carried out with the aim of providing a market-oriented model with an emphasis on innovation and entrepreneur-oriented, the mediating role of knowledge management during the outbreak of Covid-19.

The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative and is exploratory in terms of purpose. The dimensions and indicators of the study have been identified by marketing experts and experts and the research questionnaire has been designed. The marketing and sales managers of manufacturing companies located in the industrial town of Mashhad were selected as a sample based on the Cochrane formula.

Based on the findings of Dimtel, innovation phase is the most effective, entrepreneur-centered is effective, and knowledge management is effective.

This study shows the combinations that lead to sales improvement in SMEs. It also contributes to innovation research by showing the combination of factors in which innovation and entrepreneur-centricity and knowledge management can positively or negatively affect a firm's market-centric capabilities. Another important contribution of this study is related to SMEs. The combinations of factors that can lead to the success of small and medium-sized companies in Corona conditions have been identified in this study.

Today, the category of women and especially their participation in decision-making and high-level occupations has been taken into consideration; therefore, the current research has been carried out with the aim of empowering factors and improving the managerial status of women.

This research has been mixed in terms of exploratory purpose and research method. The statistical sample is 18 experts from the scientific community and education specialists. Data collection tool including semi-structured interview was used. In order to analyze qualitative data, it has been done using the foundation data method.

The general results of the research indicate that the dimensions of empowering and improving the managerial position of women include causal factors, contextual factors, strategic factors, central phenomena, intervenors, consequences and later results, and include nine components, on the basis of which the final model is presented.

According to the research results, it can be said that focusing on empowerment variables can improve the managerial position of women and especially their health.

Family businesses can combine commercial activities with emotional obligations governing the family and create a suitable platform for the financial growth of the family and job creation. The present study seeks to identify and explain the strategy of taking advantage of entrepreneurial exit to revive family businesses in Iran during of COVID-19 Prevalence.

The method of qualitative research is to select the sample and identify the study cases, using the purposeful sampling method and identifying forty family businesses that have experience in the exit category, and finally twenty-eight interviews with their owners were completed.

The results of this research provide clear evidence of the major and effective role of entrepreneurial exit in reviving business among family companies in Iran.

It seems that family businesses can play an effective role in new businesses for families, especially during the Corona epidemic, however, more research is needed to increase the external validity of the research.

Chiari malformation type 1 is characterized by more than 5 millimeter downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils from foramen magnum.

In a retrospective study, 46 adult patients (16 female and 20 men) with clinical and radiologic signs of Chiari malformation type 1 were entered to our registry between April 2009 and March 2015. They were all examined, diagnosed and operated (suboccipital decompression with or without duraplasty) in Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Primary presentation and clinical outcome were reviewed in 24 patients that were subsequently followed.

Mean age of our patients were 36.4 years (range 18-52 years).Median duration of symptoms before the surgery was 50.12±63.6 months. Headache and neck pain and sensory deficit were the most common clinical presentations. At follow up, 83 percent of patients (18/24) have good clinical outcome. Statistical analysis revealed no statistical difference between suboccipital decompression surgery with duraplasty and without duraplasty. (P=0.82) Postoperatively, headache and neck pain and voice abnormality showed highest improvement.

Although Chiari Malformation is not common, the disease should be consider in the differential diagnosis in patients with nonspecific headache and neck pain. Clinical outcome in the patients is favorable.

The areas where people live and the type of space design as well as the existing sports places can be encouraging and motivating for people's activities; Therefore, the purpose of this research was the relationship between sports spaces and people's health.

The statistical population of the research was all Tehrani citizens over 20 years of age, and the research sample was determined by Morgan's table and stratified random sampling of 500 people. Research tools included personal information questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and 12-question general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Pearson's statistical test using SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between access to sports spaces with mental health and mental disorders (P<0.001)..

It seems that access to sports spaces and proximity to sports complexes can be a factor in the direction of more use and motivation to exercise, and in this regard, people's mental health is higher than when access is less.