فصلنامه مدیریت بحران و وضعیت های اضطراری
پیاپی 39 (زمستان 1399)

Damages are not exclusive to the time of the earthquakes; rather, the negative and undesirable effects of earthquakes, such as social delinquencies, remain in the society after the event. Therefore, in case of deficiencies in providing proper services for the survived people suffering from these damages, irremediable damages may inflict them after the earthquake. This study is intended to investigate the effects of earthquakes on vital arteries and the relations of the effects of earthquakes on infrastructures, and the role of these events on social crisis management. Furthermore, it is aimed at designing a causal model identifying the relation between earthquakes and increasing social crises, and providing a new classification for vital arteries system in order to pave the way for reducing social crises. In order to gain the ability to perform well in different situations before, during and after earthquakes regarding social crises, it is necessary to establish coordination among activities. To achieve it, the researchers suggest that a central headquarter, called the crisis headquarter, be established on the basis of necessary and efficient strategies together with the ways to implement and train them.

The purpose of this study is to assess the organizational culture of the staff of the Crisis Management Headquarters of the Ministry of Interior Affairs on the basis of Robbins model. This applied research follows a survey method. The statistical population of this research contains 850 people, including all permanent and temporary employees of the Crisis Management Headquarters of the Ministry of Interior affairs in 2016, having diploma, associate, bachelor and higher degrees. The sample was selected by simple random sampling method containing 265 people. The measurement tool included a standard organizational culture questionnaire on the basis of Robbins model, and content validity method was used to confirm its validity. To confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, samples of 30 people were formed and the answers were analyzed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and then the questionnaires were implemented in the whole sample. The results of the research revealed that the prevailing organizational culture in the Crisis Management Headquarters of the Ministry of Interior Affaires is “achievement-oriented" or "result-oriented”.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran has faced many crises during its 42-year life. Throughout history, scholars of various schools have tried to provide models for managing crises based on their worldview and school of thought. This study is intended to identify what the practical model of Imam Khomeini has been for dealing with crises. It seems that Imam Khomeini, providing successful management approaches for dealing with various crises, has applied a special model in crisis management containing specific features of its own while sharing some points with other models of crisis management. This research has reviewed the works and performance of Imam Khomeini through an analytical-descriptive method by library and documentary tools. The findings of the research revealed that Imam Khomeini (RA) has hsd a special model in crisis management in the face of various crises during the ten years of his leadership.

Downsizing has recently turned into a management strategy for managers to achieve a so-called desired financial performance.  However, its spiritual and material negative effects have been ignored and only the costs savings in salaries and wages have been taken into account. While reduction of human resources leads to social anomalies and, putting aside the negative effects on the morale of the remaining employees, brings financial turmoil to the company. Meanwhile, financial turmoil and distress are factors that lead managers to downsize. This study is aimed at investigating crisis management in the emergency situations of companies to explore the role of labor reduction in corporate financial crises. The statistical population of the study includes all companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008-2017. The sample size contains 175 companies based on the removal sampling method. Due to the imaginary nature of the dependent variable, the research follows a logistic regression model. The results indicated that downsizing of the workforce results in financial crises for companies in future.

How to deal with natural disasters and control their damages and consequences entail one of the main challenges facing Iranian society these days. The police force is the first governmental unit present at the scene of any event, which, if proper tactful, aware and prepared, can perform its duties well and play its role effectively. This study is aimed at identifying the role of the relief unit in ensuring the security of urban crises (case study: the outbreak of the Plasco building in Tehran) to find out the role of the information relief unit that could lead to security in crises such as the collapse of the Plasco building. This applied research follows a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population includes the commanders and officials of the relief unit involved actively in the Plasco fire through total counting which included 123 people, of which a sample of 60 people was selected. A questionnaire was used to collect data and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method was used (0.915). Inferential methods including Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and one-sample t-test were also employed with SPSS software. The results revealed that from the respondents' point of view, the most important factor in providing security in the urban crises regards the performance of the relief unit in the pre-crisis stage, meaning that the most important factor in providing security in the urban crisis center (Plasco building collapse incident) regards the performance of the relief unit in the pre-urban crisis stage (average rating: 4.22). Then, the most important factors in providing security in the center of urban crises include pre-crisis training and exercises, performance of the relief unit during the crisis and after the crisis, recovery and reconstruction phases, respectively.

These days, many scholars are looking for a model for managing socio-political crises. As the principles and strategies they present in this regard are often of Western and non-indigenous origins, they differ from the method and approaches presented by the Imams (AS). This study is intended to answer the main question of what the principles and management strategies of Imam Ali (AS) were for resolving the political and social crises of his time. Hence, the research hypothesize that Imam Ali (AS) tried to resolve political and social crises by drawing the hearts of people and arranging his relationship with himself and with God, according to the conditions and situation of his time, with a peaceful, balanced and preventive management. The findings of this research confirmed the hypothesis, as well as the management principles of Imam Ali (AS) by employing descriptive-analytical method based on library data and speeches and biography of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balaghah and its comparison with the present theories about crisis management.