مجله علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 53 (زمستان 1399)

Abstract With the coming to power of the Republican government in the United States in 2017, the United States of America created a new challenge for the parties by unilaterally withdrawing from the BRICS agreement. In this article, the researchers, in view of the hostile view of the current US leaders in "normalizing Iran", try to examine the relationship between the rule of denying the mustache with the Barham Treaty and the principle of fidelity to the covenant. This study deals with the views of earlier and later jurists in assuming the issue and considers the adherent to the covenant in Islam conditional on the commitment of the other party, and at the same time interprets the essence of the rule of denying the mustache as denying the tyrant domination as Mousavi Khomeini, Ruhollah and Khamenei, Seyed Ali Iranian leaders agree. 

The management of social protests by exploiting the capacities of public culture has always been considered.

The purpose of this article is to identify the roots of social protests in Iran, the most important of them and strategies for managing protests by recognizing the pattern of public culture in Iranian society, based on the question of what is the appropriate model for managing social protests in Iran.

This is a type of developmental and applied research that was conducted in the field of social protests, using theoretical and library studies in the research literature section and an expert meeting with twenty security elites and administrators and a number of Azad University students. . The validity of the questionnaires in this section was achieved through five elites and managers in the field of security. In the section of providing a model of public culture suitable for managing social protests in Iran, the opinions of 100 experts in the field of culture and security were exploited. On obtaining its validity through experts and achieving its reliability through Cronbach's alpha, their proposed conceptual model in four dimensions including their components and indicators was obtained.

The findings showed that the roots of social protests in Iranian society in terms of issues, economic, political and social, are mainly cultural. Which can be managed by emphasizing the pattern of public culture and its dimensions, components and indicators. Providing a suitable model for managing social protests in Iran is based on public culture.

The Idrisians were the first Shiite sect to gain political power in the Islamic world. They managed to rule for about three centuries, first completely independently and then as agents of the remaining Umayyad caliphate based in Spain. The results of this establishment and consolidation of political forces gradually manifested themselves in the fields of culture and civilization to the point that many researches on Idrisi culture and civilization testify. But the unspoken point in this regard is their influence on Muslim and non-Muslim neighbors who gradually became fascinated by the civilization and cultural thought of the Idrisians. The present article has dealt with the most important examples and components of civilization that have emerged and spread during the rule of the Idrisians and in addition to them were exported directly to other countries, countries and tribes directly or indirectly. According to the results, if we consider civilization as a source of two factors of unity and religion and recognize it on the basis of principles such as architecture, bureaucratic system and trade-political relations, then we can see how many achievements of the civilization of the Idrisian period from countries. Africa has spread to Spain and Portugal. Although the form of this expansion has not been balanced and homogeneous, eventually the profound effects of the structure of the Idris civilization can be seen in all these geographical and political spheres.

The phenomenon of elite migration in recent decades has been one of the most controversial issues in less developed countries, which is also called acute brain drain. The present article reviews and evaluates the challenges and strategies for improving the system of coping with elite migration in Iran in the period 1368-1392. According to research on elite immigration during this period, 1,826 formal and full-time faculty members are studying at US and Canadian universities, while the number of formal and informal faculty members in the United States and Canada is over 5,000. arrives. The most important variables affecting the elite migration factors are two categories of driving factors (internal repulsions) and traction factors (external attractions). This research is a qualitative and library study that includes books, scientific and specialized journals, reports of ministries related to elite migration, statistics and information published by international institutions such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the Bank. Universal etc. has been used. The statistical population of this study is elite migration during the mentioned years. The results of the research show that factors such as: lack of social attention to the value of scientific activities, lack of necessary facilities for research, low salaries and feelings of discrimination and inequality are effective as driving factors for the migration of scientific elites abroad.

Efforts to regulate the behavior of actors in the international arena in order to maintain international peace and security have always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Human access to nuclear technology, meanwhile, has raised concerns about its use for non-peaceful purposes. Therefore, the International Atomic Energy Agency was established with the aim of developing and peaceful use of nuclear energy to systematize the performance of governments in the use of this technology. With this description, the question arises as to what framework and mechanism the International Atomic Energy Agency Seeks to maintain international peace and security? Examination of the relevant documents reveals that the International Atomic Energy Agency monitors the obligations of States under non-proliferation treaties in the form of temporary, routine and special inspections, and if a Member State fails to comply and the breach is not remedied within a reasonable time, the Agency , Reports the relevant violation to the Security Council.

Governments set their own standards and regulations within the country and enforce them within their territory, but when the scope for implementing or influencing decisions goes to the international level, it is possible to intervene and comment on the establishment and enactment of laws and norms. Unilateralism occurs, unilateralism occurs. After the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States, along with European countries, especially Western Europe, has become a new international arena, which after a while with various events in various places, intervened politically, legally, militarily and economically, violating international law. No country, not even the United States, which has a hegemonic role, or the European Union, can intervene in the affairs of other countries, except in one case, according to the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of countries, to which the United Nations is committed. The exception is the issue of humanitarian law, which should not be unilateral and arbitrary with the permission of the Security Council, while the United States openly violates international trade laws, arbitrarily intervenes militarily in various parts of the world, and political institutions. - Domestic law condemns countries

The Russian Federation has been increasingly affected by growing regional and international developments since Putin's second term. Putin sought to regain power by adopting the policy of pragmatism and the strategy of the normative great modern power; However, the path to regaining power since 2014 has been accompanied by regional obstacles, which have manifested themselves in two general categories: the crisis in Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula, and the leverage of Russian gas exports to Europe. In this study, we sought to understand the regional obstacles to regaining power in the Russian Federation during Putin's second term from 2014 to 2019, from the perspective of defensive realism theory. The research method was descriptive and library studies. The study found that Russia was facing obstacles in regaining its power, such as the Ukraine crisis, NATO's expansion to the east, the deployment of a missile defense shield, leverage to export gas to Europe, and the issue of EU energy security.

National security is the basic condition and, of course, the most important condition for the preservation, survival, progress and development of any country in all fields. In order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. The purpose of this study is to outline scenarios for the opportunities and threats of Arab ethnicity in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and due to the futuristic nature of the research, it is also exploratory. For this purpose, the effective factors in the field of Arab ethnocentrism were identified using the method of environmental monitoring and reviewing specialized studies in this field and were provided to 15 experts in the form of a matrix questionnaire. The obtained variables were spectroscopically cross-sectionalized using Mick Mac software and analyzed using scenario wizard software while obtaining expert opinions, and finally possible and compatible scenarios were identified and extracted.The findings of this study showed that scenario number one is the strongest and most probable scenario obtained from Wizard scenario software. Condition means (reduction of fine dust) is the desired condition.