Journal of Applied Chemical Research
Volume:15 Issue: 2, Spring 2021

A method and a system for Single-Stage conversion of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride to potassium sulphate in aqueous alcoholic solution at 50-85°C were developed. Raw magnesium chloride  was  a  by-product  formed  in  the  process.  The  effects  of  reaction  molar  ratio,  methanol volume,  evaporation,  and  magnesium  chloride  content  on  the  purity  and  the  conversion rate  of potassium  sulphate  were studied. The  product  and by-product  were  purified  and the  metal  ions contents were  determined  by  Atomic  absorption  spectroscopy.  Results  showed  that  the  washing with methanol had a certain impact on the purity and the conversion rate of potassium sulphate. The potassium sulphate reached to the qualified standard, when the molar ratio of 2KCl and MgSO4 was 1:1.  The  recoveries  of  potassium  sulphate  (as  final  product)  and  potassium  chloride  (as  raw material)in  an  aqueous  alcoholic  solution  compound  fertilizer  were  approximately  80%  and 12.76%,  respectively.  Magnesium  chloride  had  a  significant  influence  on  the  purity  and  the conversion rate of potassium sulphate. Purities of products throughout can be controlled by using slight circuit adjustments and/or by additional water washes.

Ultrasound-assisted  emulsification  microextraction  (USAEME)  and  gas  chromatography – flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was presented for the extraction and determination of olanzapine in human urine and plasma samples. Chlorobenzene at microliter volume level as an extraction solvent without  disperser  solvent  was  used.  The  main advantages  of  this  method  are  high  speed,  high recovery,  good  repeatability  and  extraction  solvent  volume  at  µL  level.  The  effect  of  several variables such as type and volume of extraction solvent, ultrasonication time, centrifugation time, salt addition, etc. were evaluated, carefully. In the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 70-2000 µg L-1 with the detection limit of 20 µg L-1. The relative standard deviation  (R.S.D.)  for  the  five  replicate  measurements  of  olanzapine  was  4.6  %.  USAEME combined with GC-FID is a fast, simple and efficient method for the determination of olanzapine in human urine and plasma samples.

The corrosion behavior of Zn/ (AISI304) annealed at different temperatures with flow of nitrogen gas was investigated  in  the  3.5%NaCl  solution. Crystallography  structure  of  the  samples  was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The results showed that with increasing annealing temperature, the intensities of oxide and nitride phases were increased. Surface morphology of the samples  was  studied  using  atomic  force  microscope  (AFM)  before  corrosion  tests. AFM  results showed that by increasing annealing temperature, grains become greater that may be the result of heat accumulation,  causing  higher  rate  of  diffusion  in  the  sample. Electrochemical  Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Polarization tests were carried out for corrosion resistance investigation of the produced samples. The corrosion results revealed that highest corrosion resistance was achieved for  the  sample  at  the  highest  annealing  temperature. For  more  in  depth  analysis, the  equivalent circuit of samples was obtained, using the EIS data. Finally, the surface  of the corroded samples was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

An efficient three-component one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes from demedone, aldehydes,  in  the  presence  of  a  catalytic  amount  of nano-SnO2 is  described.  The  reactions  were carried  out  at  80oC  under  EtOH-solvent  media.  The  structures  of  the  compounds  were characterized  by  IR,1 H-NMR,13C-NMR,  and  Mass  spectra  and  by  elemental  analysis.  The advantages  of  the  effective  method  were  good  yields,  short  reaction  times,  simple  work-up,  ecofriendly solvent, and inexpensive and reusable catalyst. The catalyst could be recycled and reused for five times without much loss of its activity.

In  this  paper,  two  major  projects  have  been  successfully  accomplished: Firstly,  we  introduced a novel  and  highly  efficient  route which  was developed  for  the synthesis  of  Polyaniline  (PANI) nanoparticles by using Potassium persulfate. Structure of nano PANI was characterized by FourierTransform  Infrared  (FT-IR),  Proton  Nuclear  Magnetic Resonance  (1H-NMR) and  elemental analysis  and  the  surface  morphology  of  them was  studied  by scanning  electron  microscopy (SEM).Secondly,  new  nano-biosensors  have been synthesized  by  using  a  simple  and  efficient method, from the reaction of nano PANI with the biocompatible branches, such as alaninemethyl ester and N-(4-aminobenzyl)-9H-purin-6-amine as a nucleobase and succinic anhydride as a spacer. The  structures  of  6  and  7  were  confirmed  by  FT-IR  and 1H-NMR.  The  interaction  between alaninemethylester and nucleobase doped to nano PANI with short oligo phosphate chains of dsDNA (45 base pairs), was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that existence of dopants in the structure of nano PANI increases the interactions with DNA and this caused the decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity.

In this research, an efficient synthesis of oxazolam analogues with a number of advantages such as fast  and  cheap  production  procedure  with  great  yields  was  presented.  The  purpose  of  this investigation was to develop a more economical and technically more feasible route to synthesis of oxazolam  analogues.  Aminobenzophenone  was  acylated  to  give  corresponding amides.  The  ring forming  reaction  of  amides  with  the  appropriate  amino  (alcohol  or  thiol)  produced  oxazolam analogues with 83-98 % total yield.The structures of synthesized compounds were characterized by recording their IR,1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra.