نشریه پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
پیاپی 21 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to identify the Ways of development of trans-sectional cooperation in student sport. The research method was qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the study was all the students of sport education, educators, legislators, real and legal persons related to education. Sampling was continued purposefully until data saturation. The data gathering process consisted of 14 semi-structured interviews and a review of the documents related to the exercise of student education. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data gathering and qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA software. In the open coding process, 69 concepts, 9 sub categories and finally, 3 main categories were created. The results of this study showed that the three main strategies for the development of trans-sectional participation in the student's sport are the creation of formal developmental partnerships, the development of participatory culture and the development of a participatory system; therefore, the desirable development of trans-sectional participation in sports requires knowledge The implementation of these three categories of executive activities requires the engagement of all stakeholder groups.

The purpose of this study was to present an analytical framework for quality assurance model of physical education and sport education in Iranian schools. The research method is qualitative with systematic analysis approach. The statistical population consisted of two sections of human society (professors of sport management, deputies and experts of the Ministry of Education and teachers of physical education) and information society. The statistical sample was adequately sampled based on theoretical saturation and available for sampling and survey (16 persons and 30 documents). Research tools included systematic library study and semi-structured interview. Validity of the instrument was evaluated using descriptive qualitative methods (content validity, kappa coefficient). Conceptual coding and conceptual framing were used to analyze the findings. The analytical framework presented consists of three main parts: input, process and output or output. these three sections include goals, resources, opportunities and needs, and the process section including quality of education management, quality of educational environment, quality of educational program, quality of educational facilities, quality of teacher in teaching process, quality of inclusive participation, quality of teaching. And evaluation is based on quality. the consequences of the system include individual, organizational, and social consequences. Therefore, it can be said that the determinants of the quality of education in physical education and sport in schools are not limited to a specific section such as quality education planning, opportunities, needs or processes, but rather to the whole. The system exists and each department needs a specific strategy to implement the quality assurance model.

The aim of this study was to provide a qualitative model of the factors affecting the attraction of the country's student sports donors based on foundation data theorizing. The research method to qualitatively and centrally apply to centralization can be the foundation. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview method was used, which is characterized by flexibility and depth, and is suitable for qualitative research. Data analysis was performed by Strauss, Corbin and paradigm model. The statistical population of the study included 15 key experts and informants, including university professors and executives of the country's university sports, who were selected by targeted sampling method and snowball. In data analysis using open coding technique, 73 basic concepts were determined, which by classifying these concepts, 58 sub-categories were formed and in the central coding stage, 20 main categories were categorized. In the paradigmatic model, causal conditions (religious beliefs, social duty, benevolent attitude, altruism, charity culture in academic sports), contextual conditions (social needs, smoothness of path, sense of trust), intervening conditions (attractiveness and gain of interests) , Category (Student Behavior Behavior), Strategies (Organizing, Media Activities, Marketing Activities, Developing Operational Strategies, Charitable Events), Consequences (Helping the Government, Health and Student Health, The Impact of Student Sports on the Country, Sustainable Development in Sports Student) were identified.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of sports participation in designing and developing a model for the socialization of adolescents. The statistical population included adolescents aged 13 to 11 in eastern Iran who had regular exercise experience (at least three times per week for an hour or more), at least in the last six months, of which 719 adolescents selected as a multi-stage cluster. The tool used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire designed to collect data, based on the Likert spectrum and with 42 questions. A structural equation model with PLS software used to analyze the research data. The results of this study showed that sports participation had influenced by three factors attitudesmental norms and perceived behavior control. From this point of view, adolescents' attitude toward sport has the most effect on their attendance. The results of the study showed that the higher the participation rate of adolescents in sport, the increased likelihood of them encountering some of the common values in the exercise environment, and it can be easier to pay attention to these values and to create self-adaptation, seeking to increase the level of attention to values Different groups, such as family, friends, and more, subdivide the subjective norms into the conditions for learning these values and, consequently, the transfer of values. As learning and deeper values take place, adolescents are loyal to these values and attract and absorb these values over time and become part of their personal and social identity.

Self-leadership is one of theories of leadership, which refers to the process of influencing oneself. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to design the self- leadership model of elite athletes to determine how elite athletes can use this phenomenon. The present study was conducted qualitatively and by the classic (emerging) grounded theory. 19 experts were interviewed by semi-structured interviews using targeted sampling method and data gathering were completed by the theoretical saturation criterion. A set of open, selective, and theoretical coding methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. The trustworthiness of the findings was confirmed by various methods and calculation of agreement coefficient. According to the results, 93 final codes were created and the self-leadership of elite athletes included four types of cognitive control (13 codes), behavioral control (15 codes), emotional control (8 codes) and managerial control (10 codes), and behavioral control was selected as the main category. Also, two types of environmental and personal constraints (17 codes) have adverse effects on the self-leadership ability of athletes. Self-leadership of athletes can be developed by training and reinforcement strategies (15 codes). Ultimately, the self-leadership of athletes has three positive consequences (15 codes): improved performance, self-esteem, and success, which is success is final than the others. Findings can be considered as the basis for further research and guidance for practical.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Factors affecting the persistence of sport culture in the elderly following the outbreak of Covid-19 virus. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) whose qualitative part was done in the form of theme analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included people aware of the subject of the research that according to the purposeful selection, 15 people were selected. Also, the statistical population included the elderly active in the field of sport leisure in Shiraz, who had canceled their recreational sport. The research instruments included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of this questionnaire was assessed using views of university professors and its construct validity was assessed by factor analysis. The reliability of this questionnaire was determined 0.87 after calculating Cronbach's alpha. In the qualitative section, to evaluate the validity of the reliability, transferability and verifiability, as well as to check the reliability, specialized committees were used. In order to analyze the data, coding and structural equation method were used. The process of data analysis was performed SPSS, PLS and Maxqda software. The results showed that the identified factors included communication, economic, motivational, health and infrastructure factors. The results showed that the communication factors with the effect of 0.930 are the most important. Improving communication issues, such as creating social groups, informing about new sport activities, and using mass media, play an important role in perpetuating the culture of senior sport leisure following the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction with social happiness and burnout of physical education and non-physical education teachers in Mazandaran province. This research is methodologically descriptive-correlational in terms of methodology and survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all male and female teachers of the first and second secondary schools of Mazandaran province (16,000 people), which was considered 384 people using Morgan table. Samples were selected using cluster-random sampling method and the data were collected using three job questionnaires of Minnesota Job Satisfaction, Oxford Happiness, and Maslach burnout. Analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and Lisrel version 8.8 was modeled. Analyzes showed that there was a significant relationship between social happiness and job desirability, organizational climate, and physical conditions of work. Also, there is a significant relationship between burnout with pay system and physical conditions of work. The relationship between job satisfaction and positive and positive social happiness, but the relationship between job satisfaction and job burnout is negative and negative. Given the importance and important role of job satisfaction in enhancing social happiness and reducing the rate of burnout, the organization should strive to provide people with job satisfaction and prevent employees from being burned out.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trans-contextual model of the role of physical education in school on the motivation and physical activity behavior of adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlational, which was performed cross-sectionally. The participants included 513 adolescent boys and girls who were selected by using a convenience sampling method. The main research variables included variables related to self-determination theory (including perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation in physical education class, and intrinsic motivation in leisure-time), and variables related to theory of planned behavior (including attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). The research data were collected using standard questionnaires. Statistical analysis of correlation test and structural equation method were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that perceived autonomy support was significantly associated with intrinsic motivation in the physical education class, and subsequently the intrinsic motivation created in the school physical education environment was transferred to intrinsic motivation in leisure-time. Also, the results showed that intrinsic motivation in leisure-time had significant relationships with the components of the theory of planned behavior. In addition, the components of planned behavior (except attitude) were significantly associated with the intention to physical activity. Finally, the intention to physical activity was significantly associated with the physical activity behavior. These results support the trans-contextual model and demonstrate the importance of the physical education environment in school to motivate leisure-time physical activities. These results can be very important for physical education teachers and sports coaches.

The Mental image of Students from concept of continuing education represents their expectations and their orientation in higher education. The Aim of this study is Analysis of the Mental image in M.A sport management`s Students from continuing to study at a doctoral degree. Through qualitative method based on case study, data were collected in the form of interviews and focus groups. Through the purposive sampling method, the participants constitute 59 M.A students in the field of sport management. In order to analyze the data, the theme analysis Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) were used. The results showed that MA students in sport management had three mental images of the concept of continuing education at a doctoral degree. They are a) Compelled in Continuing Education, b) Science lover in Continuing Education, c) Risk-taking in Continuing Education. It can be concluded that these Mental image in M.A sport management`s Students from continuing to study at a doctoral degree are result in educational policies and interactions in life-worlds of Students in the scientific environments of sport management. The results of this study can be a good way to develop the fields of study in graduate studies. The results of this study can be useful for extending the fields in graduate degrees, as well as, can be useful for coordinating employment policies with educational policies related to the discipline of sport management.

The aim of this study was to explore the future of educational sport in Iran to predict the future of educational sport and to formulate strategies for the year 2035. To predict, the scenario-based approach based on an intuitive logic approach was applied and to design the scenarios, the strategy of trends and uncertainty analysis as well as a six-step integrated scenario planning were used. First, the project boundary was specified. Then, the main factors of development and the blind spots were identified with a 360-degree feedback. Subsequently, two key uncertainties were formulated as the basis to design the scenario. Then, a complete definition for the four possible scenarios was provided in detail. In the fifth step, a general strategy based on the scenarios was presented. Finally, in the last step the strategies were monitored and controlled. The participants of this study were 44 internal and external stakeholders of Iranian educational sport selected by a purposeful sampling. The data were collected through interviews and open-ended questionnaires. According to the results, the analysis of the 30 key factors ultimately lead to the production of two key uncertainties; "networking among key actors" and "family and community synergy", which were the basis of Iran's four major educational sporting scenarios. As a result, it is suggested that, in order to develop the Iranian educational sport, networking and synergy of institutions with the focus on Ministry of Sport and Youth be done.