نشریه مدیریت و توسعه ورزش
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1400)

The present study objective was to compile and investigate a Pattern of Iran Sport Tourism Security management with Grounded Theory approach. The study Methodology was qualitative based on grounded theory and systematic approach. The statistical population included experts, the professors and researchers, events organizers, security providers, athletes and spectators on sports events that Purposive Sampling used based on Theoretical approach and data collection continued until theoretical saturation and 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted. In order to analyze the data, systematic method including Open, axial, and selective three-step encodings was used. Totally 146 initial code were created, Then all the same code were placed in its own category and reduced to 19 Subcategory, Eventually, 7 main categories were created based on secondary open source codes which included Promotion of Sport Tourism Security Management, human resource management, infrastructure, physical protection, Security Management Planning, event hosting conditions and individual and organizational Consequences. In the following and through axial and selective codinf the identified categories were placed in paradigm model and the relation between them were determined. This paradigmatic model includes core phenomena, casual conditions, context conditions, meddeler conditions, strategies and consequences. So Sport Tourism Security Management Model was was compiled. According to the study findings we Can say that managers and staff of sports tourism can focus on the developing of human resources management, security management plan compilation, physical protection, infrastructures and improving hosting candidations for events to Increase sports spectators mental security and better holding of sports events.

Interaction analysis approach deals with the analysis of the direct and indirect impacts of key propulsion forces on a specific system to plan for its future. Therefore, the future study of participation in public sport with an interactive impact analysis approach was the main objective of this study.

This study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, based on new methods of future research, analytical and exploratory science, which has been done by applying a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. The statistical population of the study consisted of executive and university elites with sufficient expertise and experience on the issue of participation in public sport. Qualitative data were obtained using open questionnaire and interviewing and reviewing the documents and quantitative data used in this study numerically and by weighting Delphi questionnaires. Final analysis was performed on 16 recursive matrices. The collected data were analyzed using Miccom software.

The findings showed that the key driving forces of culture and ideology, economic and industrial, financial and human capital, participation, political and social achievement have the most influence on the future of participation in public sport. In the meantime, cultural, ideological, economic and industrial factors have had the largest share of direct and indirect impact.

The complexity of making changes in the field of participation in public sport is one of the most important future research challenges in the field.

The purpose of the present study was to develop a comprehensive model of sport and physical education functions for sustainable development in Iran.

This research was a qualitative study. In the qualitative part, the sample was consisted of 21 expert persons in the field of sustainable development in sports who were selected using both theoretical and snowball sampling methods. Exploratory interview were used for data collection. In the process of analysis, the interviews data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial selective coding.

According to the research findings, 729 conceptual labels were written out of which 81 were identified as functions of sport and physical education for sustainable development. In the next step, this cods also summarized in 17 categories. These categories ultimately formed the four concepts of social, cultural, political and economic development functions

Sport and physical activity can be viewed as a powerful and effective lever in Iran's sustainable development and the model derived from this research can serve as a guiding framework for macro planning and policy making which would be used in the field of sustainable development, especially in the formulation of development programs at both the macro and national level.

Sustainability in sport development or sport sustainability development is a considered concept attracting attention in today's research. Sustainability is a main theme in the sport development. The purpose of this paper is to study concepts of sport sustainability development, its barriers and offer solutions to achieve the sport sustainability development.

The research method was descriptive and the research strategy was qualitative. In this regard, we used library studies and interviews with sport management professors, sport managers, athletes and sport coaches. Participants were 14 persons. The sampling strategy was acute one and in this regard, we used content analysis of interviews.

The result showed that sustainable development in sport would be achieved through social participation with social, economic and institutional dimensions. The Other research findings were the classification of barriers included managerial, structural, environmental, behavioral and legal one. Sustainable development strategies argued by experts was including development of strategic plan appropriate to environmental changes, ratification of the program through law and legal bodies such as Islamic consultative assembly, fit out of sport structure with international law and removing legal vacuum in sport through lawyers. 

Therefore, the attention of managers, politicians and all institutions can provide backgrounds to development of sustainability goals in sport and to provide economic and social effects in society and institutions.

purpose of the this study was to map the relationship between good governance and the general trust of the staff of the Municipal Sports Organization, considering the variables of the mediator of silence and organizational vocal.

The research method was descriptive-analytic and correlation. The statistical population of the study was employees of the Municipal Sports Organization. Morgan table was used to estimate the sample size. The sample size was 317 and the random sampling method was simple. To collect the data, we used the good governance scale of Moghimi, Ardakani(2011), Nargesyan et al, Public trust(1394), organizational silence, Vakola & Bouradas(2005), Hammas organizational voice(2012).

The results showed that good governance had a negative and adverse effect on silence and silence had a negative and adverse effect on employees 'public trust and also had a positive and significant effect on employees' public trust. In addition, the research model on the relationship between good governance and general confidence of the staff of the municipality sports organization with regard to the mediating role of silence and organizational sound, has a good fit.

director, with the provocation of the organizational voice of the staff, understands their needs and, in the event of accountability and problem solving, automatically eliminates the collective problems and demands of the employees who are silently organized, due to the elimination of problems and ambiguities, even with their silence has not changed, their public confidence will increase and the negative impact of their silence on their public confidence will be eliminated.

The clubs are owned by supporters is one of the common forms of football clubs’ governance. Hence, The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies for adopting the model of supporters ownership in the Esteghlal FC.

This research was conducted qualitatively and using the Grounded Theory and the Systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. The research data were collected through theoretical and purposeful sampling and based on deep interviews with 8 experts. sampling continued until the research reached a theoretical saturation. Based on the Grounded theory and the systematic approach, the data were analyzed in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. For validation of data that is equivalent to reliability and validity in quantitative research, two methods of Recoding by the researcher and a Member Checking method were used.

Based on the results of three stages of coding including open, axial and selective coding, the identified strategies were extracted in the form of legal, social-cultural, governance, educational, organizational and stakeholder management subcategories.

It seems that with the cooperation of various institutions of the country and the creation of the necessary platforms in the long term and run the identification of strategies, this model could be implemented in the Esteghlal FC.

The main objective of this study was to Surrey the value of a sports brand in the clubs of the football Iranian Premier League.

The purpose of the research was applied and its method was descriptive-survey. The research area of ​​the fans of the Iranian Premier League Clubs at Azadi Stadium in Tehran, Imam Reza (AS) of Mashhad, Yadagh Imam (PBUH) of Tabriz, the role of Jahan of Isfahan, Ghadir of Ahwaz on football clubs with geographical distribution (regional) in Premier League 2018 was conducted and questionnaires were distributed at these stadiums. The quota-sampling method was Convenient Sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 48 questions, whose face and content validity was confirmed by the professors of sports management and economics, and its Cronbach's alpha was 0.927 For data analysis, multiple stepwise regression, one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used.

The results showed that team history and club stars have the most influence and management of the clubs at the lowest level of influence among the factors influencing the brand value of the fans in the Iranian Football League clubs.

Based on the findings of this research, various strategies for developing brand equity have created the ability to properly develop brand effectiveness and effectiveness for managers in order to better manage their brands' brand management. Specifically, the proposed model provides a clear, precise, and detailed guide for managers to make strategic decisions in the area of ​​management and decisions about their club brand.

The aim of this study was to investigate how to the Sport teams use Instagram as a social media platform for their branding purposes, and how much their fans respond to the brand on Instagram.

First, qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted on 500 Instagram posts by Tehran Esteghlal F.C. Then, by using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test, investigated what team brand attributes have created more fan engagement.

Findings indicated that two demonstrates of brand attributes of Esteghlal F.C. on its Instagram page including product-related factors (team success, star player and head coach), and non-product related factors (brand mark, management, club’s history and tradition, club’s culture and values, event’s image, sponsor and fans). The highest frequency of images was related to star players (47.6%), and the lowest frequency was attributed to the club’s culture and values (2.2%). The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference between the means of comments and likes of the fans in terms of brand attributes. Scheffe test results showed that star players cause a significant difference in the number of fans' likes. moreover, it pointed out that sponsors effect the number of fans' comments.

Instagram as a social media platform could be a suitable instrument to realize the brand through the content of messages exchanged between the followers and the sport teams. So, it could be used for branding purposes of the club.

The purpose of this study was to Identify and Prioritize the Effective Factors of Sport Diplomacy Development in Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy.

The entire research process included two steps, The first step of research included: qualitative research (Using an interview with university professors and elites, reading articles, books and documents), The second step of the study included: quantitative research of descriptive-analytical type (using Delphi and AHP method). After the end of the first phase of the study, 15 variables were identified after the end of the second round and Delphi method and the final screening.

results of the study showed that having diplomatic support, interaction communication with other governmental and nongovernmental organizations, The agenda of introducing a targeted constitution with creative human resources in the field of sports diplomacy, Mutual cooperation between the Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee and Paralympics with Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Establishing a centralized agency to follow-up and prevent duplication and ... Could be effective factors in the development of sport diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

According to the findings, it can be said that existence of a coherent organization responsible for the development and implementation of sport diplomacy seems necessary. It is also suggested that the Ministry of Sports and Youth in cooperation with Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Policies and setting goals in this field, academic interactions, increasing activities of universities and ... payoff to development diplomacy activities in the field of sports.

This study conducted to recognize the obstacles and directions of quality management implementation in Iran Sport Federations.

The method of research was mixed (qualitative & quantitative); in qualitative phase, the obstacles and direction have recognized through deep, solitary and semi structured interviews and content analysis of library studies, and in quantitative phase the  identified axis’s have priorised through paired comparison questionnaires and AHP. The participants in both phases were selected by targeted and snowball sampling among heads of federations, top national sport managers and experts of sport management and interviews have been done until reached to theoretical saturation.(17 Experts)

The result of open and axial coding of interviews and library studies, conducted to identifieng 59 abstacles that categorized therough Axial coding to 7 overall subjects;  Forthermore 63  efective solutions and intitutions also recognized and categorized in 7 overall subjects.

The main identified subjects of obstacles orderly were organizational culture, human resources and managers, processes and innovation, society and athletic environment, management and planning, rules and organizational structure, IT and corresponding directions was SRM development system and process development and training and culture making. Like most other quality management models, identifying the needs and expectations of costumers, had highest priority in this research.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the credibility of consumers of non-sport products based on the role of sports celebrity endorsers with trust, re-purchasing and loyalty.

This study was conducted as a survey of applied research. The research sample consisted of 400 consumers of non-sport products in shopping centers and stores in Isfahan which were selected as available. The measuring instrument consisted of Kurdlo et al. (2015) questionnaire for trustworthiness of advertising, questionnaire on product trust and re-purchase and customer loyalty questionnaire.The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by a survey of several sports management experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. (Cronbach's alpha is ./91,  ./70, ./75 , ./88). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion indices) and inferential (structural equation test) and analyzed by SPSS and Lisrel software.

The findings showed that the product information had the most impact on the non-sports product advertising and the advertising of non-sport products by sports endorsers from the point of view of customers affects the trust in products.

Based on the findings, non-sport product producers can be used to advertise their products in order to attract more consumer confidence from sports endorsers.

The human resources of sport as the sports executives of each country are very influential on all sectors of the sports industry.

Accordingly, the recognition of the competencies essential for them is the main objective of the current research. This research was an applied research and was carried out qualitatively using Grounded Theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of physical education elites in Physical Education Departments of Iranian state universities.

The sampling was carried out theoretically using and snowball sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview. Also, the data from the interviews were coded and analyzed using grounded theory. The grouping of the codes resulted in 4 main categories (Cultural context, knowledge, psychology and organizational independence), 9 sub-categories and 32 concepts.

The final results obtained in this study showed that addressing and eliminating harmful areas in the physical education departments of the universities helps to achieve the strategic goals of the organization, and, on the other hand, the presence of qualified staff in Academic sports can pave the way for improving injuries.