نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 40، زمستان 1399)

Purpose and Problem: 

Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that causes many deaths among humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of rosemary leaf extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) and strawberry (Fragaria vesca) on stomach cancer cells.

After preparing two plant substances and extracting them, measure the antioxidant power of iron regeneration (FRAP), the toxicity of the two plant extracts used on the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and fibroblasts in concentrations. 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/ml were measured by MMT method and IC50 was measured in two plant extracts for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. One-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze the results.

The results showed that the highest FRAP levels for strawberry fruit and rosemary leaf extracts in water solvent were 1.68 ± 0.08 and 0.94± 0.15, respectively. The results showed that 2mg /ml for rosemary leaf extract and strawberry fruit has the best effect to prevent the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and fibroblasts. The values obtained for IC50 showed that the concentration required to inhibit 50% of the antioxidant activity for the two extracts at 96 h was the lowest.

The results showed that both extracts have anti-cancer effects on AGS cell line in Stomach cancer that strawberry fruit has a more suitable effect than rosemary leaf.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon histology and severity of diarrhea in rats.

In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar 200±5 g rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Solvent group (physiological serum), diphenoxylate group (5 mg/kg), and five groups receiving basil hydroalcoholic extract in doses (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg). One hour after taking the drugs, castor oil 2 ml per animal was fed by gavage. The animals were then kept in separate cages for 4 hours and the indicators of excretion number, weight loss percentage, fecal water content and inhibition percentage were recorded. Mice were anesthetized with ether one hour after diarrhea studies and the isolated colon tissue was evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then Tukey test. Level P

Diphenoxylate gavage and extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, could improve diarrhea caused by castor oil. Histological studies showed that although there was no significant difference between the different groups, the amount (800 mg / kg) of the extract could increase the thickness of the colon wall to some extent.

The results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum has diphenoxylate-like properties in reducing the osmotic symptoms of diarrhea and the volume of water excreted, and in the short term can have little effect on colon wall thickness.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and exotoxin genes are important in the development of this infection.On the other hand, with the advancement of nanotechnology, today, the use of nanoparticles has been widely considered in the field of medicine and medicine, especially against microbes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes.

In this experimental study, the minimum growth inhibition concentration of silver nanoparticles was determined by microdilution method. First, the lowest concentration of bacterial growth inhibitor is determined with silver nanoparticles. Then, at a concentration lower than the lowest growth rate, the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes was examined by Real time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and P value less than 0.05.

Silver nanoparticles with a concentration of 62.5 μg / ml had growth inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, at a concentration of 31.25, the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes was significantly reduced (p < 0.05).

The results of this study show that lower concentrations (31.25 μg/ml) than growth inhibition concentrations (62.5μg/ml) can reduce the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes.

The aim of this study was to determine the linked markers to genes controlling drought tolerance using Iranian rice recombinant inbred lines.

In this study, 99 Recombinant Inbred Lines of Iranian rice population derived from the cross of Tarom and Khazar were planted based on randomized complete design in 5 kg pots at the greenhouse of Gonbad Kavous University in 2017. The studied traits were grain weight, Panicle weight, Panicle length, number of Panicle fertile, number of Panicle infertile and number of primary branches. To prepare a genetic map 265 SSR markers, 12 ISSR markers (44 polymorphic alleles), 5 iPBS markers (22 polymorphic alleles) and 2 IRAP markers (8 polymorphic alleles) were used.

The markers were used belonged to 12 chromosomes and 1047.4 cM of rice genome were covered. Five QTLs for drought condition and nine QTLs in flooding were located. QTLs related to number of infertile panicle and panicle weight in drought condition mapped between ISSR57-6 and ISSR58-2 markers, on chromosome 1. Also, out of QTLs identified in flooding condition, two QTLs related to the number of primary branches collocated to panicle weights QTLs on chromosomes 5 in IRAP30-1-ISSR2-1 region. qFGW-5, qPB, qFCN-3 and qSP explained a high percentage of phenotypic variation. The detected major effect QTLs in this study can be used in marker-assisted selection breeding programs after validation.

Immunosuppressive drugs cause destructive changes and atrophy of seminiferous tubules, decrease in sperm count and motility and sperm deformities in epididymal ducts, resulting in male infertility. Therefore, in this study, the role of vitamin A in preventing these effects was on spermatogenesis in male rats.

 In this study using 40 NMRI mice in 5 groups of 8 for 8 weeks including control group, prednisolone control group 1.5 mg/kg, prednisolone control group 2.5 mg/kg (intramuscular) And 2 groups treated with vitamin A50 mg/kg (gavage). Finally, testicular tissue and sperm parameters were examined and the obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA software.

 Prednisolone treatment had an effect on body weight, testicular weight to body weight ratio, testicular seminiferous tubules diameter and serum testosterone concentration and a significant decrease (P <0.05). It also affected other parameters including sperm motility and testicular tissue cells and caused a so-called significant decrease in surface area (p <0.05) and caused a significant decrease in other parameters such as sperm count, percentage of live sperm.

This study shows that prednisolone increases the process of spermatogenesis by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis, and vitamin A prevents the damaging effects of prednisolone on spermatogenesis and testicular tissue by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis.

The increasing microbial resistance to existing antibiotics has increased the interest in novel antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an attractive alternative to classical antibiotics.Milk contains a lot of proteins, some of which have received a lot of attention, such as lactoferrin, which has antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of a lactoferrin-derived peptide isolated from camel milk against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, Acinetobacter baumannii.

In the present study, antibacterial peptides in milk lactoferrin were identified using bioinformatics tools. Trypsin I peptide was synthesized. Then, the toxicity of the peptide on the cell line was investigated by the MTT method. The antibacterial properties of trypsin I was evaluated on four pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and, Streptococcus pyogenes.

The results showed that the peptides had no lethal effect on the cell line tested. The MIC results of trypsin peptide for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and, Streptococcus pyogenes were 7.81, 15.62, 125 and 250, respectively.

Antimicrobial peptides have received much attention in recent decades due to their appropriate properties and characteristics such as rapid lethality, a wide range of activity and, also the rare development of cases of drug resistance. According to the observed results of this study, the antibacterial properties of the compounds isolated from this study can be a good alternative to replacement with common antibiotics.