فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning
Volume:31 Issue: 2, Apr 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/04/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Somayeh Talaei, Ali Akbari*, Mahdi Hamzenejad Page 1

    Throughout cultural history, the architecture of shrines in Iran has been of most significant mythological values.  Due to the buried personchr('39')s spiritual status, it has been sufficiently taken into account in the creation of sacred space and the manifestation of mystical beliefs. In the present era, due to lack of recognition in strategic research, historical semantics has largely been neglected in the field of religious architecture. The philosophical stand of this research is interpretivism; the approach is qualitative, and the method is logical reasoning. Three empirical, analytical and metaphysical theories have been applied in the research strategy. In the process of formulating theoretical foundations, semiotic and conceptual reasoning have been carried out. In the empirical analysis phase, field data were gathered and physical and conceptual modeling has been implemented. At the stage of the metaphysical theorem, the basis of the arguments is phenomenological. The results of the discussion show that the spatial hierarchy in the building, the diversity of Classical Elements and the hierarchical exposure of the people from the entrance to the tomb, is significant based on the mythological view. In analysis of the building, embodiment of the Classic Elements have been interpreted based on the sensory perceptions of the spaces, conscious travel from outside to inside the building, as well as understanding of the four mystical journeys which are: hierarchical ascending from soil to water, to air and to fire. Finally, it has been argued that mythical representation of birth and death is understandable in the transition among the sequences of spaces.

    Keywords: Semiotic of place, Classical Elements, Sacred architecture, Meaning of architecture, Cemetery of Shah Nematollah Vali
  • Ali Alai*, Dorsa Jeddi Yeganeh Page 2

    During 1950 to 1970, some of the first residential complexes in Tehran were developed to accommodate low and middle-income people.  Although they were among the first residential complexes designed and built in the country, various quantitative and qualitative measures had been considered in their design to satisfy the target residents’ needs and to meet the projects’ goals.  What could be the reason for satisfaction, despite they were among the early experiences of residential complexes design in country?  The main reason for the success of these complexes was due to perfect design considerations; i.e. correct selection of design patterns which are less frequent in recent housing complexes. Some of these design considerations include providing public, semi-public and private open spaces, paying attention to pedestrians, sustainability and respect for the surrounding urban and climatic environment. This paper reviews some examples of early housing complexes in Tehran, including Chaharsad-Dastgah, Narmak, Nazi-Abad, Shahr-Ara, Behjat-Abad, Farah, Kan and Chaharom-e-Aban, to help recognize past achievements and reapply them in designing new housing complexes.

    Keywords: Affordable housing, Tehran, Housing complex, Density, low-income, Neighbourhoods
  • Sarah Alijani, AmirReza Karimi Azeri* Page 3

    Learning environments have the ability to enhance the quality of education and produce optimal behaviors. The management of educational environments raises the quality of education both physically and psychologically .This research attempts to modify higher educational environments by enhancing creativity, accountability, motivation, self-actualization, and interaction. This study is quantitative and qualitative research done through a descriptive-survey method. Included in the study used for research were published books and articles that resulted in the development of a theoretical framework and the collection of two groups: environmental and human factors. Then, field resources were used. Students of University of Guilan were randomly selected as the statistical population and the sample was modified based on Morganchrs Table. Afterwards, environmental and human variables were prioritized by the Delphi method as a result of interviewing several architecture and psychology experts. A closed-ended questionnaire was made, its validity and reliability were examined (Cronbachchr alpha), distributed among the target community, entered into SPSS, analyzed by Chi-square and Friedman tests, and lastly the data was extracted. Based on the findings of survey, the impact of environmental and human factors on each other were identified and ten priorities were concluded to be the most effective on the relationship. Finally, with a semi-structured and an open-response interview with several architecture professors, design suggestions were proposed.

    Keywords: Higher education environment, Environmental psychology, Education quality, Behavior, Physical environment
  • Abdolhadi Daneshpour*, Denis Martouzet, Reza Piroozi Page 4

    The life of Towns has become more important and greatly emphasized in recent years and this heralds the arrival of a new era when this type of settlements is introduced as major living and investment capacities. Therefore, it is necessary to study the different aspects of towns in order to plan and manage their development and answer the question about different decision-making mechanism in them. In the present study, after explaining the place and role of towns in the development transition period, the local governance mechanism is introduced as the main issue of such cities through a qualitative radial model literature review. By examining several recent studies on towns, it is found that the type of relations between individuals and actors on the one hand, and the impact of their activities and functions on the decisions made on national and regional scales on the other hand, create a different form of local governance mechanism in these cities than in large cities. Accordingly, the existing recognition and analysis processes and tools, that are primarily designed to assess the conditions of large cities, cannot be used. According to the present study, the decision-making mechanism can be an appropriate structure for expressing the complex relationships between actors in towns. As a result, a relational framework can be introduced to explain the decision-making mechanism in the local governance process of towns. This framework is designed based on the general international literature and experiences and can serve as a preliminary tool used for the identification and examination of the administrative mechanisms in towns and be modified and improved in various fields through future researches.

    Keywords: Town, Local Governance, Relational Approach, Complexity, Local Actors, Decision Making Mechanism
  • Sara Sadeghian, Yasaman Nafezi, Saeideh Soltanmohammadlou*, Amir Kianfar, Emily Irvin Page 5

    Sustainable development is one of the important subjects in our world. It means supporting the needs of current populations without dangerous effects on the resources of future generations. This subject finds its vital role in different sciences. As an effort towards sustainable development goals (SDG), goals were defined by the United Nations organization (in the United Nations General Assembly) in 2015. This short-term agenda is to be implemented by 2030 and contains 17 goals centering climate change and environmental preservation and focusing on health, education, equality, economic growth. In this paper, two parks, Qeytariyeh Park and Niyavaran Park were studies in Northern Tehran, Iran according to SDG. The study was designed specifically around goal 11 and the application of sustainable development in cities. After a literature review of research, the parks were reviewed to trace their success as a public space according to the SDG point of view. Qualitative methods were used to investigate field observations and personal interviews with daily visitors of the parks selected randomly with small control over demographics of gender and age. The main aim of the paper is to find how much these parks be successful public space according to sustainable development standards and in the end, there are proposed solutions to solve the weakness of these case studies.

    Keywords: Sustainable Development, 11th SDG, Pedestrian way, Qeytariyeh park, Niyavaran Park
  • MohammadReza Haidari, Vahid Sadram* Page 6

    Architectural training is a part of higher education. One of the most important issues in this context is the judgment and measurement of design studentschr('39') abilities and achievements. This research aims to answer the question of possibility of a model or method for a purposive and clear judgment, so that in addition to the academic achievements of architecture as a field of study, the level of architectural design for future engineers and designers will be promoted. Reviewing the literature of the context, the two terms "assessment" and "evaluation” are initially clarified. Through these two concepts, the JAAD (Judgment of Academic Architectural Designs) model is introduced and then examined for the judgment of undergraduate architectural designs, considering design of a commercial complex as a sample to arrive at a prototype. It is expected that by using this model, lecturers will be able to achieve more purposive and accurate judgments. In addition, students can take effective steps through purposive designs in order to improve the level of training and learning of architecture, which ultimately results in flourishing architectural achievements in future.

    Keywords: Architectural design training, JAAD model, Process assessment, Product evaluation, Undergraduate architectural designs, Commercial complex