فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

Resilience, as one of the classes of positivist psychological approach, has an important role in dealing with stress and life threats and its adverse effects on the lives of the elderly, so that it has occupied a special place in the field of mental health during the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of resilience and related factors in the elderly in Ardabil in 2021.

This cross-sectional correlational study was performed on 500 elderly people referring to health centers in Ardabil in 2021, who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 and using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the elderly in this study was 83.10±17.28. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the number of children (p=0.001), education (p=0.02) and job (p=0.000) with the resilience score of the elderly. Tukey post hoc test showed significant differences between the elderly with 1-4 children and above 4 (p=0.000), between people with literacy education and diploma and higher (p=0.03) and the elderly with retired employment (p=0.04). According to independent t-test, there was a significant relationship between marital status and having chronic illness with resilience score (p≤0.05).

The results of the present study revealed factors related to resilience in the elderly in Ardabil that can help health care providers to understand the resources affecting resilience and provide comprehensive care plans for resilience growth and subsequently increase the quality of life of the elderly.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of child mortality in the world. Advances in the treatment of the disease have led caregivers to focus on other issues, including efforts to reduce the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer. Paying attention to family-centered care can be effective in achieving these goals. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-post design and a control group. The study was performed in Besat Hospital in Hamadan. Sixty mothers of children with cancer were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=30) and experimental (n=30). At the beginning of the study, the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory was completed by the samples and then in the experimental group, 5 sessions of family-centered empowerment model were performed by the researcher. After 5 weeks, data were collected from two groups and analyzed by SPSS-25 software.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of state and trait anxiety in the control group before and after the intervention, while after the intervention, the mean score of state and trait anxiety in the experimental group decreased significantly (p<0.05). Also, the mean score of general anxiety before and after the intervention was significantly different in the experimental group (p<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, the family-centered empowerment model can be an important step in improving the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer; therefore, due to the low cost, safety and effectiveness of the family-centered empowerment model, it is suggested to use this model on other variables of nursing care.

The Covid-19 virus is one of the most important threats currently facing many countries around the world. Most research focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disease and the threats posed by this disease to mental health have been neglected. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on depression, anxiety and stress in people at risk for COVID-19.

For this purpose, a multiple-baseline single-subject design with follow-up was used and from the clients of Aramesh Andisheh Psychological Services Center in Tabriz, between July and September 2020, three people were selected by purposive sampling. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) were used to collect data at baseline, intervention and follow-up stages. The intervention was performed using mindfulness-based stress reduction method in the form of 8 sessions. Recovery percentage, effect size and graphical analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction training had a clinically significant effect on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in high-risk individuals, and the effect of training on these variables in all three subjects was higher than the effect size (1.15). This effect persisted at the end of the follow-up phase.

Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based stress reduction can be included as an effective intervention in the psychological services of people at risk for Covid-19 disease.

The phenomenon of aggression and its occurrence is one of the serious and pervasive harms and issues in todaychr('39')s societies that it is very important to know the causes, extent and ways to reduce this social problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of aggression and the factors affecting it in students of Ardabil School of Nursing and Midwifery in 2019.

This research is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was performed on all students of Ardabil School of Nursing and Midwifery in the first half of 2019 by stratified random sampling. Demographic information and Eysenck and Glyn Wilson aggression questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistics.

The results showed the mean aggression of 26.98±8.54, which indicated the moderate aggression in students. The mean aggression in boys (28.46±8.84) was higher than girls (25.52±8.03) and 4th semester students had the highest mean anger with mean and standard deviation of 32.78±9.49. The findings also showed that emergency medical students had the highest mean anger among other students (31.92 ± 6.42) (p<0.05).

The results showed that the level of studentschr('39') aggression was moderate. Considering the confirmed relationship between aggression and social problems, it is better to pay more attention to reducing it. It is also suggested to study the factors that cause aggression among students and provide the necessary training to reduce aggression in this group.

Adequate oxygenation and hemodynamic stability are important goals of nursing care after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stretching combined with breathing exercise on hemodynamic and oxygenation changes in CABG patients.

In this randomized clinical trial study performed in 2020, 48 patients (35 men and 13 women) undergoing non-emergency CABG surgery at Shahid Madani Hospital of Tabriz were randomly divided into experimental (n=24) and control (n=24) groups. Evaluations of heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial blood oxygenation were performed before, immediately, and five day after exercises. Combined Stretching-breathing exercises were performed in the experimental group for five days and two times a day (morning and evening). The patients in the control group received the usual hospital care. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA at a significant level of p<0.05.

After five days of combined stretching-breathing exercise, the mean oxygen pressure (F=12.90, p=0.001) and oxygen saturation (F=16.38, p<0.001) of arterial blood increased significantly, while heart rate (F=21.01, p<0.001) and mean carbon dioxide pressure (F=11.95, p=0.001) decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Immediately after the intervention, no significant difference was observed between two groups in the research variables.

Based on the research findings, combined stretching-breathing exercise had a beneficial effect on improving heart rate and arterial blood oxygenation in CABG patients and this can speed patient recovery as a rehabilitation program.

The parents and especially the mothers’ awareness play a major role in education of healthy sexual behaviors in pre-school children. The present study aims to compare the effects of sex education with two methods of educational pack and group discussion on awareness in mothers of pre-school children in the selected kindergartens of Alborz Province center.

This is a semi-experimental study comparing the before and after education situations in three groups including the educational pack, group discussion and control group. The population includes the mothers with a 3-6-year-old child in the selected kindergartens of Alborz Province center (2019-2020), among them, 99 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. After dropping 9 people, the number of samples reached 90 people who were divided into three groups of 30 people. Data collection was done with using a questionnaire of mothers' awareness of sexual education of pre-school children of Mobaradi, et al. For experimental data analysis, descriptive (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (paired t-tests and chi-square) statistics were used in SPSS software version 19.

In educational pack group, the mothers’ average awareness was reported 28.63 before the education and 30.87 after the education and in group discussion; the mean scores were 30.63 and 34.17 respectively. The comparison of the groups showed that in discussion group, awareness increased more than educational pack group and control. The educational pack group had more awareness than the control group (p<0.05).

The results of this research showed that group discussion education is more effective than the educational pack in order to increase the awareness of mothers of pre- school children in the field of sex education. Therefore, in child sex education, it is recommended to use these methods, especially the group discussion method.

 The birth of a premature baby is one of the factors that can lead to impaired attachment between them. Social support of parents, especially mothers of premature infants, not only helps the family to adjust to the baby's condition and hospitalization, but also has a great effect on promoting mothers' attachment behaviors. This study was done to compare of maternal-infant attachment behaviors and social support in mothers of healthy newborns and premature newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care.

 This is a descriptive-comparative study performed on 136 mothers of healthy infants and premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shohada-e-Kargar, Afshar and ShahidSadoughi hospitals. The samples were selected by convenient sampling method in 2020. A record sheet of Avant maternal- neonatal attachment and the Winfield and Tigman social support questionnaire were completed. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were in SPSS 16 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

 The mean score of social support was higher in mothers of premature infants (21.51±6.47) than healthy infants (17.36±5.88) and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.001).Also, the mean of attachment behavior in mothers of premature infants (30.7±13.36) was less than healthy newborns (39.78±10.43). In subcategories, the mean score of emotional (24.11±10.04) and proximity behaviors (14.59±1.01) were higher in mothers of healthy infants, but the mean score of caring behaviors subcategory (2.62±1.67) was higher in mothers of premature infants(p<0.05).

 In this study social support and caring behaviors were higher in mothers of preterm infants. Also, attachment and sub-categories of emotional and proximity behaviors were more observed in mothers of healthy infants. It seems necessary for nurses to doing interventions for facilitating the mother-infant attachment process and provide more opportunities to support mothers in NICU.

 Today, the number of dual career couples is increasingly prevalent around the world. This lifestyle, despite the increase in the level of economic well-being, has caused marital problems due to pressures, role conflicts and the nature of their lives. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the sexual dissatisfaction based on the lived experiences of working couples.

 The present study was a qualitative study with an interpretive phenomenological approach conducted with the participation of 13 working couples. Participants were purposefully selected from those referred to Ardabil counseling centers according to the inclusion criteria. Prior to the interview, the study participants, after signing the informed consent form, responded to the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale for initial evaluation and entry into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and coded, categorized and analyzed using the thematic analysis method of Depoy and Gitlin (1993).

 Based on the answers of the participants in the study, the themes of experiences related to sexual dissatisfaction of dual career couples were categorized in 2 main themes of “unfavorable sexual and marital relations” and “difficulty in sexual assertiveness” and 7 sub-themes and 19 categories.

 Based on the findings of the present study, the sexual dissatisfaction of dual career couples has sexual, functional and marital dimensions. The findings of the present study can be used in the field of pathology, prevention and treatment of marital and sexual problems of working couples in private counseling centers and organizations.