پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 91 (خرداد 1400)

Human resource management refers to policies, actions, and systems that affect employee’s behaviors, attitudes, and performance. In the field of human resource management, there are many reference books, each of which has gained good legitimacy and acceptance for various reasons among readers. The book "Human Resource Management and Personnel Affairs" by Dr. Seyed Reza Seyed Javadin is one of the most comprehensive books written in the field of human resource management and therefore has been considered as a textbook and the main source of study for the graduate entrance exam for many years. In this article, the attempt was to review the book in a descriptive-analytical manner, by mentioning the evidence and documents and based on evaluation criteria which were introduced by the Council for Reviewing Books and Text on Human Sciences. Criticisms were presented from both formal and content perspectives. According to this, on one hand, the main strengths of the book are the comprehensiveness of the content, the systematic approach, the coherent and structured view of the topics, and the compatibility of the work with Islamic values. On the other hand, this work has also some drawbacks, the most important of which are the lack of a practical and problem-oriented approach, insufficient use of content and creative presentation methods, outdated topics despite numerous editions of the book, and weaknesses in the citation method.

Islamic management is a science that is expected to become more operational in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Religious-managerial researchers have also done more research in this area. One of these scholars is Hojjatoleslam Naghi Porfar, who wrote a book entitled "Principles of Islamic Management and Its Patterns" in the 1970s. This research has reviewed this valuable book to examine its advantages and disadvantages. In this research, after introducing the author and a brief summary of the book, he deals with the background of research conducted in the field of Islamic management in order to critically review this book using previous research. In terms of form and structure, the book has some advantages such as using rich introductions to prepare the reader for the main content, as well as simple writing of the five principles. Considering the disadvantages the existence of writing defects, punctuation marks, the lack of information section, and etc can be mentioned. In terms of content, the book uses the method of quoting verses and hadiths to prove its content and only five principles, non-precedence over God and the Prophet, heresy, unity and harmony, management based on the power of forces and management based on insight forces are reviewed critically in detail.

The purpose of this article is to review and criticize the book “Holding Strategic Management” (A Framework for Supervision Strategies). The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form, and content. The form quality of the work is good and in general, the main rules of writing have been observed as much as possible. There are some formal weaknesses such as: not using a specific symbol for the strategic management of the holding in the design on the cover of the book, not observing the proportion of the volume of the chapters, and lack of attractive shapes. In terms of content, addressing the issue of strategic management of the holding as an independent dimension of the parent company's strategy is one of the strengths of this work and is the first work related to this issue. However, the work suffers from a lack of logical order and coherence of content, a lack of fluency in the text, and a lack of objective examples from Iranian companies. In general, the analysis of the content of scientific and academic books can provide their possible strengths and weaknesses for the possible modification and change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of the academic books.

In recent years, for various reasons, including the introduction of management in the West as an independent science and also due to the social needs of Islamic societies to use Islamic management in the management of society and organizations, some Islamic scholars have tried to write books on Islamic management. Authors try to write books which consider the presuppositions of various theories and in this regard, one of the valuable books in this field is the book "Islamic Management" which is our concern in this article. The present book focuses on different types of views on Islamic management as well as different trans-theoretical views on Islamic management. This book also deals with formal, theoretical, and content critique through the application of meta-theoretical technique and the method of content analysis of the book. Finally, it is suggested that technical and literary editing of the book are needed, more attention should be paid to the richness of the book content and the issue of task orientation would be discussed in the chapters related to planning, supervision, and control.

Current changes suggest that organizations’ efforts to adapt to external conditions for survival have been more natural than Conscious efforts. Strategies are evolving as a result of the urgent need to respond to market changes - the same need that has a role in making organizational hierarchy flat - this elimination of management layers, in turn, affects the ways in which organizational strategies are created. Since the 1990s, following the failure of prescriptive strategic plans, a new paradigm in the field of strategic management and decision-making called evidence-based approach has emerged. This research has been done in the insurance industry and while having a pathological view of strategic decisions that are taken at the head of insurance companies, the researcher has tried to find a model of strategic decision-making based on evidence from the discourses of senior managers of insurance companies. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and it is among the mixed exploratory studies. In this study, first the evidence-based strategic decision model was designed using the Grounded theory and the Strauss and Corbin paradigm model, and then the fuzzy Delphi method was used in order to determine the importance of the factors identified in the model.

Strategic management is a coordinated, comprehensive and continuous program that connects the organization's top talents with the environment and it means achieving the goals of the organization within the framework of proper management. The purpose of this article is a critique of the translation of the book Theory Strategic Management by Gareth R. Jones and Charles W. L. Hill. The critical philosophical exploration method was used for critique and the approach of the book was the translation of the original book. The tool of critique of the worksheet was the critique of the textbooks and academic books of the Council for the Review of Humanities Texts and Books. The results of the qualitative content analysis showed that the criticisms of the book are in formal, structural, and content areas, the most important of which include: some words are translated from the original language (English), while there was a Persian equivalent for these words that was not used. In the process of its plan and strategy, this book has referred to the formulation, execution, and implementation. However, it does not explicitly mention the important and main process of monitoring and evaluating the strategy and only discusses the control of strategies sporadically in some chapters. This article tries to add to the richness of the book's topics by emphasizing the formal and content dimensions of the work and relying on research citations.

Awareness of the scientific status of management studies helps to study it scientifically and produce theoretical and practical knowledge. In “Management Knowledge: A Critical View" Griseri seeks to show that management research lacks the validity criteria to consider it as a scientific field of study. Therefore, he tries to justify it in terms of its usefulness. The author discusses the issues in a challenging and controversial way, but this book has a difficult text for students and even professors of management. This critique seeks to explain the shortcomings of the author's views on the definition of a scientific study and biases with them. With this regard, the researcher has argued that with incomplete definitions of the concepts of validity, scientific study, usefulness, and proof Griseri has contributed to the complexity of this issue. He also has a limited approach to methodology as a validating criterion but sees it as a means of proof. Looking at different types of validity, it becomes clear that management research validity is not different from its usefulness. The methodology also creates social objectivity by forming a common understanding between researchers.

By describing online tools, social media provides a channel for transmitting or sharing information with wide audiences. These media target the organization's socialization by involving human factors in an organization's procedural and existential philosophy. Investigating the research conducted on the relationship between social media and organizational communication mainly induces a one-sided and positive attitude towards these media to the audience. The dominant theoretical discourse in the organizational field is that the use of social media is necessary and developmental because influencing organizational communication helps organizations to create a space for dialogue and interpersonal communication as well as attract the participation of stakeholders.But the main point is that empirical evidence in the field of social media and organizational communication is largely dependent on the case and cannot be generalized. Therefore, in this article, with a critical reflection, while reviewing the role of social media in the socialization of the organization, the positivist view of organizational researchers towards these media has been discussed. The results of the studies show that the positive effects of social media on organizations have been magnified and, as portrayed, are not necessarily beneficial to human factors and organizations.

Differences in the perceptions of various social groups, including parliamentarians, government officials, and elites from financial accountability, raise the question of what the meaning of financial accountability is or how it is understood. So, with a post-structuralist approach, we considered financial accountability as a social construct, and we get a better understanding of it from Norman Fairclough's theoretical knowledge of text analysis, and Laclau and Mouffe in the context of political discourse analysis. We analyzed the parliament's detailed negotiations on the adoption of the budget of the entire country in the deliberations of the government and the parliament and classified the research findings in the six political, economic and social paradigms of Iran after the revolution. The findings of the research, summarized briefly in this article, indicate the influence of power relations and the use of hegemonic elements in the discourse system formed in the discourses of the government and the parliament. Thus, in each paradigm, dominant discourses formed with context, and by highlighting themselves and marginalizing rival discourse, they succeeded in securing a temporary centralized sign and a new articulation of the semantic system of financial accountability.

The purpose of the study is to critically review the “Advanced Accounting II” book of undergraduate courses in accounting at Payame Noor University and analyze its problems. This research is a combination of the content analysis method to determine the typology of book problems and the descriptive method to examine the views of university professors. Jonassens prepared checklist was used to gather information and a researcher-constructed questionnaire was employed. Experts’ opinions were obtained for the justifiability of tools and for the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha 0.98 was calculated. Results showed that from 51 problems of this textbook, 4 cases are algorithmic problems (8%), 34 cases are story problems (67%) and 13 cases are trouble-shooting problems (25%) and the most problems are algorithmic and story problems and the structure of them is well-structured. The content of the textbook does not fit with approved goals and dedicated time to presenting content is not enough and not updated over time, from professor's point of view its content is not up to date, as well as, not synchronous with the recent accounting standards and the content of the book is not suitable for students in terms of comprehensibility.

Business failure is a very complex process and is influenced by various factors. SME’s are important for every economy but despite their importance, failure and bankruptcy occur among them. The present article presents a more specific approach based on the complementary of theoretical approaches in the field of organization failure and uses three approaches to identify different types of failures in different stages of the organization's life cycle. Criticism and studying the results of systematic review in three stages and trying to link two theoretical foundations of organization life cycle and organization failure studies in order to achieve a better understanding of types of failure in each stage of the life cycle of SMEs by using open and closed Sorting cards to perform data mining, reveals 9 different types of failure. Revealing the types of failures that SME’s may encounter in each stage of their life cycle, compared to the simplistic, single-level view of enterprise failure highlights the appropriate route of policymaking in this area to prevent major damages of these company’s failures.

The Strategic Management of Information Systems book deals with the strategic management of information systems as a complete set for the organization. The purpose of this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, is to find the strengths and weaknesses of this work. Accordingly, the book has been studied first and then analyzed from three perspectives: content, writing, and form-structure. The book is written as a resource for students of management and especially technology management. According to the author, the work has some goals such as helping and guiding managers to adopt appropriate strategies for managing information systems in organizations, clarifying the various dimensions of information systems and reviewing the most important theories and the most prominent perceptions of information systems management. However, based on the results of the present critique, it seems that the author has not achieved the desired goals in a desirable way. Due to the fact that the book does not have an editor, the work has defective linguistic rules and misuse of writing symbols. From the formal and structural point of view, the chapters of the book lack introduction, goals, and conclusions, or summaries, which confuse the reader. From the content point of view, the topics of the book lack the necessary coherence and accuracy. Some of the general topics and concepts are covered in the book, and there is no balance between the descriptions of some of the proposed topics.

The purpose of this article is to review and critique the book Islamic Management (Models and Obstacles to its Realization in Society and Organizations). First, the book is evaluated in terms of method and then in terms of content and structure. Also, the extensible points of the book are mentioned in order to enrich the book and open other fields of research. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the proposed model by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the context of the general introduction, the form and content of the work are examined. This work suffers from a lack of logical order and coherence of content, content inaccuracy, content defects and errors. The technical quality of the work is good and the general rules of writing have been observed. Despite these, the formal weaknesses of the work are simple book cover design, ‌simple page layout, failure to observe the proportion of the volume of the seasons, ‌excessive detail attached to the book, lack of attractive tables, and ack of list of tables, charts, and figures. In general, the analysis of the content of the academic books can provide the potential strengths and weaknesses of these books for the modification and possible change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of academic books.

Organizational Behavioral Theories are a major part of organizational studies because behavioral reasoning is found in a wide range of theoretical approaches. Behavioral theory begins with the organization's classical theories and ends with the company's main behavioral theory and then with evolutionary theory, organizational ecology, institutional theory, and transaction cost theory. The purpose of the present article is to review the book “Behavioral Theories of the Organization” written by Seyed Ali Akbar Afjeh. The author has tried to adapt the theories of the individual, the group and the organization to the behavioral sciences in Islamic management, and to apply them. He has also added Japanese and scientific management styles. By compiling his collection of studies in the form of a volume, the author believes that this work is a useful guide in the field of theory of behavior and behavioral theories in the organization. The text of the book is relatively fluent. A look at the structure of this work shows that the author has compiled this book without observing a specific scientific methodology. A clear definition of the organization's behavioral theories is not provided, and the introduction of the "school" in this work as a "method" confuses the reader in understanding the author's intent. It seems that the author seeks to the Islamize foundations of management, which has not been successful in this regard either.

The production of books and other scientific texts tailored to the requirements of public organizations is an inevitable necessity, due to the special characteristics of these organizations. The book "Human Resource Management in public Organizations" by Darvish (PhD) and Almasifard (PhD) is one of the texts that has been written to address this need. In the present article, this book has been criticized by the descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, first, the authors are introduced, then it is described based on the form and content, and last it is evaluated and analyzed in three dimensions of appearance, structure, and content. Despite having its own advantages and strengths, the evaluation shows that this book needs to be reviewed and corrected in the above three dimensions, especially the production of appropriate content to human resource management in the public sector.

Universities, as the main custodians of expertise, play a key role in the development of entrepreneurship. Studies show that entrepreneurial education not only promotes entrepreneurial growth but also enhances entrepreneurial skills. However, despite the need to provide quality and practical training to entrepreneurship students, many students and graduates of this field did not consider the provided training to be of acceptable quality and could not prepare to enter the business world after this training. The aim of this research is critical review of lessons and rubrics of Master's degree in Entrepreneurship at universities and its impact on empowerment of students. In order to achieve this goal, the mentioned rubrics and lessons were evaluated from different aspects. In this regard, students and graduates of Entrepreneurship Faculty in University of Tehran between the 1388 to 1398 were selected as statistical population. The results of data analysis show that lessons and rubrics of Master's degree in Entrepreneurship at universities has a significant impact on enhancing academic ability of the students and graduates (Entrepreneurial knowledge and attitudes), Preparing students to enter the job market, preparing students to start a business, preparing students to upgrade previous businesses andmentioned rubrics and lessons fit the needs of the work environment.

The book "Public Policy Making Process" written by respected professors Dr. Gholamreza  Esghandari, Karim Eskandari, and Rasoul Eskandari has been an attempt to reduce the resources of the policy-making process. The purpose of this article is to analyze and express the strengths and weaknesses of the book content. The book has advantages, but it also suffers from some shortcomings, the elimination of which can add to the richness of the book's topics. The authors of the book have been careful in the use of specialized terms and equivalence of foreign words, except for a few cases, and are acceptable in terms of compliance with the approved chapters. The content is compatible with scientific values and theories are not addressed.

The content of "A New Look at the Entrepreneurial Beliefs and Corporate Management" book comprises three sectors and 13 chapters with the centrality of entrepreneurship and corporate management. Also, an attempt has been made to provide a redefinition of entrepreneurship and related beliefs; although this effort has been futile with the lack of use of new and novel resources. The book mostly relies on reports of the previous decade and has been deprived from domestic reports. Although this book has been able to provide comprehensive knowledge of entrepreneurship and business management in firms by imitating resources from previous decades, it hasn’t been able to explain the relationship between business and entrepreneurship and mainly asks the reader for their judgment on the subject. Also by using phrases such as: the statistics indicate that, or some scientists have said that; tries to confirm its content. Therefore, contrary to the opinion of the writers of the book, it’s not a complete source particularly about the use of internal experience in the area under discussion.