فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1400)

Spatial planning as an alternative approach to sustainable development in the knowledge of geography is based on a correct and appropriate understanding of space. This type of planning is a systematic phenomenon that plays a central role in guiding society towards the principles of sustainable development. The construction of dams and irrigation networks in the form of development plans inorder to supply water for agriculture, drinking and industry has caused various structural-functional changes in the spatial system of human settlements. On the other hand, the construction of dams and irrigation networks is considered as an intervention in the environmental system that has many effects and consequences. These consequences are considered as part of geographical spaces that play an important role in the process of spatial evolution and space production. The present study uses positivist and integrated methods, quantitative and qualitative methods, completing household and settlement questionnaires and statistical analysis to evaluate the effects of Alavian dam and irrigation network (in East Azerbaijan province) on spatial changes of rural settlements through a spatial planning approach. The results showed that the implementation of Alavian dam and irrigation network due to lack of comprehensive and systematic approach based on the principles of spatial planning in different stages of study, implementation and operation has not led to the organization and balanced growth of the spatial system of rural settlements.

In geographical studies based on systemic approach, each area is considered as an open system in which villages and cities are the two main components of the residential system. Villages and cities have structures and functions that evolve through the interaction of the natural environment and human groups. These structures and functions in Marivan Township have undergone many changes due to government intervention and policies. Government interventions have taken the form of rural development and post-war reconstruction programs (expansion of communication networks), security, and the strengthening of economic foundations (opening of informal border markets). The aim of the present paper was to investigate the impact of the mentioned policies on the structural-functional changes of rural housing. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and methodologically based on the positivist approach. The statistical population includes households living in 121 villages with more than 20 households (2016 census) in Marivan Township. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula in two steps. First, 52 villages were selected by cluster sampling method in proportion to the share of the western and eastern areas of the township, 27 and 24 villages, respectively. Then, out of a total of 6305 households, 307 were selected by simple random sampling. The results showed that the housing in the western areas has undergone more structural and functional changes. According to the t-test, the average difference in changes related to the pattern of construction and form (4.64 units), biological elements (8.99 units) and livelihood (20.69 units) of rural housing in the western area is greater than the eastern part of the township.

Poverty is a universal, complex and multifaceted phenomenon. This phenomenon exists relatively in all societies. What poses poverty as a serious challenge to policymakers is the lack of access to basic living standards such as housing, food and clothing. The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors that lead to housing poverty and to measure the degree of poverty in rural areas of Dehgolan Township. This research is of applied type and its nature is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is both documentary and field and the questionnaire has been used as the main tool for collecting field data. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), SERVQUAL technique, IPA matrix and poverty census index (HI) were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings of factor analysis, 38 statements were identified and named in the form of 10 sub-criteria and 4 factors (physical and functional poverty, poverty of security and comfort, poverty of enjoyment and health, and supportive and legal poverty). These four factors explain 81.8% of the cumulative variance of the factors contributing to rural housing poverty. The results show that although the quality of new rural housing in various dimensions is relatively favorable and rural housing poverty is reduced in various dimensions, but there are differences between the expected average and perceived quality. This has led to a kind of weakness, especially in the physical and economic dimensions, and the main reason is the change in the functional spaces of the native houses and the low payment facilities.

Recognition and analysis of rural manager's supervision over construction in suburban villages is so important that planners currently use it to assess the extent of physical development in such areas. Developing regulations and supervising the various executive stages of rural construction is the most important stage in rural management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of supervision of rural managers (Dehyari) on improving the physical development of villages. Regression and correlation statistical tests were used to analyze the data and intelligent structural model was used to identify the effect of independent variables. The statistical population includes households living in rural villages of Tus district and the required sample size was 203 households which were determined using Cochran's statistical formula. Due to the large number of villages and the inability of researchers to study all of them, 12 villages out of 66 were selected based on the N0 formula. Variables such as; recognizing the characteristics and environmental conditions of the village, the obligation to obtain permits for construction, improvement of energy transmission lines, development of civil infrastructure, observance of public rights, observance of environmental principles, observance of safety principles, preservation of village values and observance of residential standards were considered as independent variables. The results showed that these independent variables with a coefficient of 0.35 have an effect on the dependent variable of physical development of the villages. However, the effect of the independent variable of guiding and warning signs during construction was not confirmed due to the low value of the obtained t-statistic, which is less than 1.96.

In today's world, resilience to natural or man-made disasters is a fundamental issue. Paying attention to the concept of resilience in purely macro dimensions lacks the necessary efficiency, and in order to be implemented, this concept must be identified at the micro level. Physical resilience is one of the effective dimensions in the resilience of communities through which the condition of communities can be assessed in terms of physical and geographical characteristics of the impact at the time of the accident. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. In the first step, the effective components of physical resilience in Noorabad Mamasani city were identified and compiled in the form of Delphi questionnaire. Then, these indicators were examined by Delphi panel members and the indicators that did not get the required score were removed and the research indicators were determined. In the third step, these indicators were analyzed by Mick Mac method and the type of variables was determined according to the effect on other variables. The results showed that the effective components on physical resilience of Noorabad Mamasani city in district 1 include the variables of building density, number of floors, quality of buildings, building skeleton, level of passages, area of parcels and type of materials. Very high impact and affectivity are the characteristics of these variables. In district 2, variables such as population density, distance from the fault, topography and water table depth are among the key independent variables. An important feature of these variables is that they have a great impact on other variables but get very little effect on them. The effective variable in district 3 is barrenland, which is not considered as a key independent variable in the group of strategic variables due to its low impact and effectiveness. Indicators of district 4 include occupation level, building age, household size, form of urban parts and facilities, which are also not considered as strategic variables and are mostly the result of other variables.

Today, the existing infrastructure in cities, especially metropolises, should be attractive platforms for attracting and cultivating the talents, innovations and ideas of citizens. The importance of creative cities in today's competitive world is linked to big cities that are centers of wealth and innovation. The metropolis of Tabriz, as one of the historical cities of Iran, has always been a source of wealth and technology. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of effective components on the realization of creative cities in Tabriz. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Pearson and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data and ANP and TOPSIS models were used to prioritize urban areas based on creative city indicators. The statistical population of the study is the ten regions of Tabriz and their population. The research indicators include 10 criteria with 16 sub-criteria. The results of statistical tests showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between all components of the creative city and the level of creativity in the urban areas of Tabriz at the level of 0.000. The results of Pearson test showed that the two variables of creativity infrastructure and creative class with 0.587 and 0.557 had the highest level of significance with the realization of the creative city. The results of ANP model showed that the two criteria of creativity infrastructure and creative class are of higher importance with a score of 0.398 and 0.269, respectively. Districts 1 and 2 have better conditions due to the concentration of creative infrastructure and creative class such as professors, students, elites and doctors. As a result, some solutions such as the development of elite recruitment centers, maintaining the creative class, balanced investment in all areas in order to develop the city of Tabriz based on the indicators of the creative city are significant.

Continuous monitoring and forecasting of land use change in large cities is critical to both growth management and the sustainability of the urban ecosystem. The present study monitors land use and land cover changes in Rasht until 2019. It has also modeled and predicted changes until 2030. The applied method of the article is descriptive-analytical, the data is time series of land use maps and the data processing method is the CA-Markov hybrid model. The validity of the model in the forecast has been confirmed with a kappa coefficient of 0.78 and an overall accuracy of 0.82. The results showed that the levels of urban land use class increased from 4915 hectares in 1993 to 9960 hectares in 2019 and the growth rate is predicted to reach 10555 hectares (114%) by 2030. In contrast, agricultural land cover will be reduced from 29,504 to 28,390 hectares by 2030. Overall, the declining rate in agricultural lands, paddy fields and forested areas shows that the increase in urban land use has occurred due to the encroachment of the city on land cover and the conversion of non-urban class inside and outside the city. The detrimental effects of land instability and resource instability are a major issue for the city and the current and future urban ecosystem. What is important for stabilizing the growth and gradual process to the metropolitan stage is that the management of the physical growth of the city should pay attention to both short-term and long-term periods. In the short term, it must control land cover change and transformation based on external growth control policies, and in the long term, it must focus on inward development policy strategies.

Information and communication technology (ICT), as a technology of new millennium, has affected all aspects of civic life. Today, the discussion about improving the quality of life of citizens and its dimensions such as urban housing without considering this technology is useless. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of ICT on improving the quality of urban housing and quality of life of citizens in the neighborhood of Koche Biuck in Yazd city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, the statistics and information of which have been collected through field methods. The statistical population was the citizens of Koche Biuck neighborhood of Yazd. Using Cochran's formula, 358 people were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method. Inferential statistics including (1 sample t-test, LISREL model, Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square homogeneity test) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the statistical population not only has a good level of information and communication technology, but also 78.1% of them rated the use of ICT services in the performance of common citizenship affairs, moderate to high. Inferential results also showed that the impact of ICT on quality indicators of urban housing and quality of life of citizens in the neighborhood of Koche Biuck is at a strong level, with a confidence level of 99%, it means that these variables have a significant and direct relationship with each other.