جستارنامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 15 (بهار 1400)

The presence of animals in human life has caused these creatures to serve human thoughts first in mythical life and then symbolically. Kelileh Woodman is one of the works in which animals have played a role. Due to the rich culture and history of ancient civilizations, Iran and India, the same and common myths can be seen in these two cultures. Given that the main theme is often common myths. Myths are very similar not only in content but also in structure. In this research, with descriptive-analytical method and library method, common roots and symbols in Zahak story with the story of "The Lion and the Rabbit" by Kelileh Woodmaneh and "Behim Sin and Bakeh" Mahabharata have been compared in terms of mythology and common cases have been analyzed and deciphered. . Kelilehudmaneh anecdotes have always been of interest to the authors of Persian texts and have created a bridge between Indian and Iranian culture. In this article, the roots of the story of "the lion and the rabbit" with the story of Behima and Bakeh (Mahabharata) and Fereydoun and Zahak (Shahnameh) in Indian and Iranian mythology have been searched and analyzed and deciphered. Their similarity is that a powerful tyrant (king or demon) kills a number of inhabitants (city / forest) every day to feed himself; The inhabitants of the city / forest send one or two people to him every day so that he does not harm others, and eventually one of the cruel prey causes his death and destruction.

Oral or popular literature is the true translation of various aspects of people's lives in every era, and parables as one of the most prominent types of public literature and intellectual and cultural expressions of human societies, echo beliefs, thoughts, feelings, abuses, aspirations, customs and traditions of different tribes. Iran with a rich and long-standing culture, resulted from intellectual bond and cultural affinity of various ethnic groups, has always been the origin of rich parables, and parables of the people of Lak, the oldest and most racial Iranian people, like other parables, have increased the richness of popular culture and literature and Oral History of Iran. The structural, conceptual and applied contributions of verbal literary parables in the Laki and Persian languages represent the cultural interaction of these languages, showing that Laki and Persian had bilateral relations. This study describes Laki parables with Persian ones based on the effect of the French comparative school on structural, conceptual and applied aspects of the descriptive- analytical approach and their similarity and uncertainty. The results of the research show that Laki and Persian parables are categorized in four sections based on similarity and uncertainty in three areas: 1. Parables with the same structure, content and application; 2. Parables with the same content and application, and a little difference in structure; 3. parables with the same content and application, and a completely different structure; and 4. parables with different structure, concept, or application from Persian ones.

The three great Abrahamic religions, apart from their Shari'a and the laws derived from it, which have penetrated into society through the Holy Scriptures, have spoken of mystical conduct which, apart from the law and the fear of hope for the reward and punishment of the Hereafter, seeks self-cultivation. Achieving the divine truth and joining him. In this sense, Sufism and mysticism have a considerable history before the formation of their Islamic form in Judaism and Christianity. One of the most important commonalities in all three mystical approaches is the concept of "dignity" meaning the performance of supernatural acts or states of habit. However, the epistemological as well as the phenomenological study of mystical miracles in all three Abrahamic religions shows the extent to which these events correspond to myth. The present article tries with a comparative method and descriptive-analytical approach by studying the historical formation of the concept of miracles and examining the most important religious myths, the relationship of some of these events with what the great mythologists think of as "mythical reality". Revealed and identified. The results show that dignity in Jewish mysticism, while linked to magic, follows the patterns of the myths of ancient Egypt; However, this is achieved in Christian mysticism on the basis of some kind of observation, and the main source of miracles is Christ himself. In Islamic mysticism, miracles accompany a miracle that instead of a messenger, it belongs to a divine guardian or mystic and is the result of self-cultivation, but it is a natural and sometimes coercive result and therefore has no virtue as a tool or goal.

Ancient poets and writers always used anecdotes to spread their ideas. Ansari Balkhi, a poet of the fourth century AH, has turned the love story of Wameq and Azra into poetry. In this article, Todorov's structuralist method has been used to obtain an elementary poetic style in Wameq and Ozra and to analyze this anecdote. One of the main components of a story critique in Todorov's narrative model is its development and one of the most functional factors influencing the systematic coherence of this network. The fundamental issue of this research is to study and analyze the extent and manner of using the element of progress in the structure of this story. In this regard, a brief overview of Todorov's narrative model based on the recognition of progress, as well as the analysis and study of this effective element in the design of the system of Wameq and Azra is the main body of the article. The method of work in this research is reading this anecdote and structural analysis of their design based on the mentioned model. The general results obtained show that based on the actions, propositions and logical trajectory of events, the plot and network of developments in this anecdote are designed in a simple and appropriate way to the character of the anecdotes. The classic enumerates that in which there are many repetitive "propositions", it is very rare for deconstruction to occur in its "sequences" and the causality of its "text" tends towards mythical narrations.