نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 65، تابستان 1399)

The system and social life in human society depend on the cooperation and participation of its members, and in this regard, the health system also needs to use the potential of the people in the form of the participation of health donors. In this applied and qualitative research, with the aim of studying the sociological factors affecting the participation of donors in charitable medical centers, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 donors. In the coding process and after converting the audio files of the interviews to text files, semantic units are identified and the initial codes are assigned to them and then manually analyzed using Maxqda software using content analysis method. The research findings, while identifying 296 semantic units, 27 sub-themes and 3 main themes, confirm that dimensions of social capital have been motivating, facilitating and encouraging donors to participate in charitable activities. Among the members of the charity social network, advertising and information, the existence of the tradition of charity in the family and friends of the benefactors, social, emotional, information and instrumental support that facilitate the participation of benefactors and also to enter the charity in places where It was needed, it encouraged.

Given the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women in the vicissitudes. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe and explain the status of women before and after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. The present study in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. Data collection was also carried out in the form of a library-documentary. In this study, the position of women was reviewed in the different sections before and after the Islamic revolution. The results of the investigation suggest that women before Islamic revolution had limited situations. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the situation of women was changed again. And at this juncture that societyfaced with several problems, had been prevented from paying attention to women's issues and revive their lost rights. However, after a relative improvement in the situation of the community, the issue of women's rights and the real status of this stratum were considered by policy makers.

Population aging in Gilan is highest in all provinces of the country. That is why, Quality of Life The Elderly Inhabitant in Nursing Homes and Inhabitant in the House in Gilan Province and its affecting factors in this research has been researched. Theoretical framework of research is integrated. the variable of quality of life is examined both objectively and subjective. Dimensions of quality of life such as economic ability, health, mental performance as well as social participation are based on Franz's theory. Social support has also been evaluated based on Line's theory. Method of Research is based on scientific approach and survey. Questionnaire has been used for collecting data. The samples are divided into two groups including elderly people living at the nursing home and the elderly at home. The findings show that social support and its four dimensions in the elderly group living in the home have a significant difference with the elderly living in the nursing home. Mean variables of social support and participation are significantly higher among older people living at home than older people living in the nursing home. Also, basing on the path analysis, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the variables of social participation and social support with the variable of quality of life of the elderly.

The present study was conducted as "The effect of virtual space on marital emotional relationships" among Tehranian families who use virtual social networks in the first half of the year 1397. The theoretical framework of this study inspired the theories of pure relationship and fluid love to explain the problem. The research method in this study was survey and data collection tool was questionnaire. 384 users of the Telegram virtual network were selected randomly, and the questionnaire has been provided online. The results showed that the use of virtual space has no role in the emotional relationships of couples. However, there is a positive relationship between the dimensions of the agreement and the extent of the agreed relationship. The diversity in the topics pursued in virtual social networks enhances the emotional relationships of couples and plays a negative role on the dimensions of intimacy, agreement and adherence to a positive role on the dimensions of interest and affection, but this effect is at a weak level. The results of using a variety of virtual social networks and the topics pursued in these groups can lead to a form of awareness in individuals that enhances the couple's emotional relationships.

This research has been conducted to examine the role of environmental advertising (billboards and urban television) on the participation of citizens in the implementation of a blue sky and clean land. The theoretical foundations of this research are based on persuasion ideas, the theory of audience dependence, the Cohen socialization theory, the theory of cultural habits and the theory of highlighting, according to which, and finally, the theory of excellence and persuasion theories were presented collectively as the theory that the goals and The hypotheses and the research model are based on it. This research is a survey with the purpose of applying and using the method of researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed through cluster sampling method and distributed through the Cochran formula between 300 residents of Tehran, aged 18-60 years old, from five districts of north, south, east, west and center of Tehran. Cronbach's alpha test showed that the main indexes of this research have high reliability coefficients. The statistical techniques used are the frequency distribution table, columnar and circular graphs, central statistics and dispersion, correlation between variables, and bivariate regression, f test and t test, which was performed with SPSS software. The dependent variable is the citizenship participation research and the independent variable of that environmental advertisement. Findings show that highlighting, content and diversity of promotional messages affect citizen participation and have the greatest impact on the variable of message diversity. City billboards and televisions change the attitudes and insights of individuals and change their behavior according to the proposed pattern of clean blue sky.

Human action against any kind of social reality can be considered a product of choice and its will or external pressure. Interpreters interpret social behavior in terms of circumstances, but they are interpersonal. The close ontological relationship between consciousness and meaning of man with historical social situations and situations and the involvement of the person with the dominant structures in society for interpretation is an issue that has been studied in this article by studying the novels of the jazireh sargardani and Sarban sargardan. In this research, the author attempts to study the behavior of the personality of the novel and its relationship with social reality from the point of view of "interpretationism" and "naturalistic approach" or "down to earth" and using "grounded theory". Accordingly, being as the main character of the novel, is considered as the axis of analysis. The result of this research shows that the most central and most important category in the studied novels in the relationship between the individual and the society is from the point of view of interpretiveism, social and political inquiry, and internal unrest and attempts to overcome the present situation.

The present research was conducted with the aim to Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province. Theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of sociological realm of communications such as informational society of Herbert Shiler, information and urban change of Manuel Castels, and informational society of Daniel Bel. This research has been done by survey method using questionnaire and SWOT technique. The statistical universe in the survey part consisted of Ardebil citizens from among whom 386 individuals were selected as sample size, while in SWOT part the statistical universe consisted of the registration of personal status organization (general department in Ardebil and other branches in other cities of the province). Six departments who had started giving smart national cards were randomly selected from among twelve departments of the province and questionnaires were given to them. Fifty senior managers of that organization in Ardebil province attempted to identify the weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and strengths of national smart card plan in the province and the following results were obtained: the strengths consisted of the presence of a central organization dedicated to identity cases in the country, and location of personal information in the form of data base inside the card. Weaknesses consisted of lack of post code on the cards, and low quality of pictures on the cards. In the part of opportunities, the increase in social security resulted from the regulation of personal information, and creating necessary background for electronic government were remarkable. And finally in the part of threats, the possibility of misuse of the cards because of location of some cities of the province in the border regions, and In the second place, by taking another person's card and logging in to their user account, its possible that actions were taken against her, were identified as noteable cases.

Nowadays, one of the issues of researchers to study the domination of teachers and their becoming pale in the universities. This fact comparing with historical bed motivate the researchers to ask why some teachers are less authority in the universities in these days, hence this study is to consider the economical issuers and society in order to answer this question. The methodology is descriptive by survey research and tool to data collection were questionnaire. The statistical society includes Payam-e- Noour teacher in Kermanshah in 1390-91 in amount of 258. The middle of teacher’s authority was different for people who were educated in the different majors. The results of multiple regression show that the degree of traditional authority (t = 4.335) and self-confidence (t = 3.925), charismatic authority (t = 3.878) and relative abandonment (t = -2.287) were as whole 0.42 of internal factors of teacher’s authority. The results of structural equality also show that the amount of K-Squire was not meaningful CMIN 211.143, RMSEA was 0.075 and RMR was 0.098, freedom K-Squire CMIN/DF was 3.199 and the comparative CFI factor was 0.926, and the examined, comparative destination PCFI was 0.671. The comparative, examined factors of destination of whole model show all of them supported the gathered data of theoretical model.

The present study investigates the meaningful factors in the life of the elderly according to the social interpretation approach. The data of this study were obtained through using in-depth interviews with purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion with 21 Elderly 68 to 81 years old in Tehran 21 district (Tehransar) and the information obtained from the interviews was coded (open and centered) and the concepts and categories were analyzed. Findings using the grounded theory approach consist of 10 categories.  The central theme of this research is divergence that in general is covered all other categories. According to the core category, two of the findings of the study are convergence and divergence as if the most important research achievement is the role of divergence (family and social) in the meaninglessness of life and the role of empathy (family and social) in the meaning of life. Factors such as health or illness, economic status and the fatefulness of the elderly are also factors Which illustrates their approach to life. At the end, the foundational theory presented in the paradigm model of marital maladjustment and divergence with spouse as the most central factor of nonsense in the life of the old men.