فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار 1400)

Fear of reinjury can have a devastating effect on an athlete's performance and can be a reason for an athlete to quit and compete. On the other hand, those who are more afraid of injury show greater landing error, so the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training in fear of re-injury and landing error of professional athletes with after Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL) reconstruction.

Twenty-six professional athletes (13 women and 13 men) with a history of ACL reconstruction (weight average 66.80±1.75 kg, age average 22.47±2.45 years, heigh average 167.84±7.18 cm) were selected as accessible and purposeful and were randomly divided into control (13 athletes) and experimental (13 athletes) groups. Subjects completed their rehabilitation after a sports injury. In the first step, athletes with history of ACL reconstruction completed the Tempa scale fear of injury (Tempa Scale Kensiophobia; TSK-11) questionnaire. In second step, the subjects' landing error was measured by the Landing Error Scoring System (Landing Scoring Error System; LESS). The experimental group performed progressive muscle relaxation exercises. In the experimental group, the progressive muscle relaxation training was performed in 12 sessions (3 days a week) for 4 weeks and each session was 30-45 minutes. The control group did not perform any special activity during this time. The experimental group performed progressive muscle relaxation exercises in 12 sessions for 4 weeks and each session for 30-45 minutes. The control group did not participate in any of the therapeutic activities during this period and were engaged in normal daily activities. After the training sessions, all subjects participated in the post-test and the indicators were measured. Data were analyzed using Repeated measures (p < 0.05).

The findings indicated that fear of reinjury and landing error decreased after intervention and also there was a significant difference between the groups in fear of re-injury (p=0.001) and landing error (p=0.001) are statistically significant.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the progressive muscle relaxation exercises used in the research are an effective and low-cost method to reduce the fear of re-injury and also reduce the amount of landing error. According to the present study and the research conducted in this field, it can be concluded that the reduction of landing error and fear of re-injury may be accompanied by improved movement and kinematic mechanics of the joint, which can prevent re-injury and Athletes with a history of ACL injury can also help prevent recurrence. Therefore, it is recommended that professional athletes use psychological exercises to reduce the risk of re-injury following ACL surgery and rehabilitation.

Children and adolescents with cleft lip and / or palate (CL/P) need the long-term medical and rehabilitation services. They need services for solving problems related to their quality of life that was influenced by clefts. The aim of this study was to translate the quality of life adolescent cleft questionnaire and to assess its reliability and validity among Persian adolescents with cleft lip and / or palate.

In this descriptive-analytic study, 31 Persian – speaking adolescents with CL/P at the age range of 16 to 24 years and 31 age and sex matched healty adolescents, were participated. In this study the quality of life adolescent cleft (QoLAdoCleft) questionnaire was used. The QoLAdoCleft questionnaire was translated to Persian language and re-translated to English by two translators (forward/backward translation). The content validity and face validity were conducted.  Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were assessed for test-retest reliability and internal consistency, respectively.

The face validity of the quality of life adolescent cleft questionnaire and its content validity was good (CVI=0.74). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.95 that indicating good internal consistency, and ICC= 0.98 showed good test-retest reliability. There were statistically significant differeces between adolescents with clefts and healty adolescents in total scors of the QoLAdoCleft questionnaire (P= 0.001)

The comparison of the scores between study groups showed that the quality of life of adolescent with clefts was different from that of healty adolescents. The Persian version of the quality life of adolescent cleft questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability.

In recent years, some studies have examined the gait patterns of neurodegenerative diseases utilizing signal processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. The aim of this study was to provide an automated system for distinguishing Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease from healthy control group using dynamic analysis of gait pattern (more precisely, stride time). In addition, we examined the effect of fusion of features obtained from the left and right feet.

First, polar-based measures were extracted from lagged Poincaré maps. The optimal latency of the map was estimated using the mutual information algorithm. Then, five feature-level fusion strategies were presented. The classification was performed using the feed-forward neural network; while the effect of changing the network parameter was also investigated. The proposed system was evaluated using the data available in the Physionet database, which includes 16 records of the control group (14 females and 2 males; 20-74 years), 20 records of Huntington's disease (14 females and 6 males; 29-71 years), 13 records of ALS (3 women and 10 men; 36-70 years) and 15 records of Parkinson's disease (5 women and 10 men; 44-80 years).

Using the fourth fusion strategy, the maximum accuracy of 93.47% was obtained in separating the control and Huntington groups. Applying the second fusion algorithm, the control/Huntington and control/Parkinson groups were separated with the accuracy rate of 92.92% and 91.93%, respectively. The highest accuracy of the first fusion algorithm was 91.72% in classifying the control group and ALS. The third fusion algorithm was able to provide a 91.13% classification accuracy in separating the control and Huntington groups. The performance of the algorithm in separating patient groups was weaker.

The proposed system performed well compared to previously published algorithms. Further studies on intelligent classification algorithms and the development of the suggested method could pave the way for preclinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a chronic and common disorder in children. The disorder is characterized by inadequate levels of activity, uncontrolled behaviors, and memory impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of manipulation of vestibular system activity on visual spatial memory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity children.

24 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity were participated in the present study. Participants were selected after completing the Conners’ teacher Questionnaire and Clinical interview with parents based on the inclusion criteria. Children were divided into two experimental and control groups. The present study tool was CBT (Corsi Block Test) to measure the visual spatial memory variable. Also, for the experimental group, 10 sessions of rotational, linear, balance and combination exercise were considered to enhance the activity of the vestibular system. Participants were placed in the pre-test and post-test sessions and their results were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software.

The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference between the scores of the groups in the visual memory space variable in the pre-test stage (p> 0.05). The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the main effect of the evaluation process (pre-test, post-test) is statistically significant (p <0.05). Also, the main effect of the group F (1.21) =4.93 was statistically significant. Comparison of the means showed that the subjects in the experimental group had a better visual memory score than the control group. The interactive effect of group × evaluation steps is also statistically significant. The results of the Bonfroni test showed that the mean score of the visual memory space of the experimental group in the post-test stage was better than the control group.

Therefore, it can be concluded that rotational, linear, balance and combination exercise improve the visual spatial memory in hyperactive children with attention deficit. Therefore, training based on increasing the activity of the vestibular system can be useful for improving the visual spatial memory of these children.

Obtaining informed consent from patients, which is the basis of medical ethics and the most basic rights of patients, requires compliance with the conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of informed consent of patients admitted to angiography in selected hospitals of Mashhad in 2020 from the perspective of patients and physicians.

This study has a descriptive-cross-sectional design. First, by examining the texts, the quality indicators of obtaining informed consent were extracted and a questionnaire for patients and physicians was compiled. Questionnaire was developed and validated to assess the views of patients and physicians in this field. Then, 10 doctors who had the most angiography in the selected hospitals of Imam Reza (AS) and Ghaem (AS), were randomly selected the questionnaire for doctors and 30 patients for each physician, and completed the questionnaire of the patients.

Physicians 'questionnaire with 11 questions and 4 dimensions and patients' questionnaire with 22 questions and 6 dimensions were developed. The answers in each question were scored as a Likert scale from very low (1) to very high (5) and the average score of each dimension was determined. In evaluating the quality of informed consent, the highest score from the perspective of patients and physicians was related to the dimension of "physician- patient interaction". The mean score was 2/94 in the evaluation of patients and 3/8 in the self-assessment of physicians. A significant relationship was found between the level of education of patients and the dimensions of understanding and volunteering (p ≤0/05). Informed consents were obtained before the day of admission to the treating physician and after providing the necessary explanations by the physician, effective communication training workshop for residents and physicians and explaining the legal, religious, therapeutic aspects, etc. Delfi was emphasized.

In all respects, the score of the patient's evaluation was less than the desired level also lower than the score of the physicians' self-assessment. It is suggested that the proposed solutions be used in the way of obtaining satisfaction.

Propose: Stroke is the most commonly disabling neurological disorder in adults, which causes damage to sensory, motor and perceptual systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks mirror training on Balance of stroke patients in chronic stage.

The statistical population included chronic stroke patients referring to Tabassom stroke rehabilitation clinic in Tehran. The study population consisted of 30 chronic patients after considering inclusion criteria. Consent forms were obtained from all individuals. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental of mirror training (age: 55.2 ± 10.6 years) and control (age:54 ± 6.3 years) groups. Both groups participated in the pre-test and intermediate test, which was performed after four weeks and post-test of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) after eight weeks. The training program of two groups was the same and included eight weeks (each week, two sessions each session 90 minutes). Each 90 minutes session consisted of 60 minutes of normal rehabilitation and 30 minutes of training with mirror in experimental group and without mirror in the control group. Data were analyzed by mixed analysis variance (2 * 3) with SPSS software at the error level of 0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between balance (p = 0.001), group (p = 0.480), and balance and group interactive effect (p = 0.296) and only the balance factor had a significant effect. There was a significant difference in balance in all three stages of pre-test, intermediate and post-test.

The results showed that the mirror training improved the patients' balance, but this improvement was not enough to make a significant difference between the two groups.

It has been reprted that there are differences between amateur and professional players in terms of kinetics of movement and the amount of foot pressure during lunge movement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the electromyographic difference of selected lower limb muscles during lunge movement in two groups of amateur and professional individuals.

Ten amateur badminton players and 10 professional female badminton players were recruited based on convenience sampling method (professional group: age 18.06±0.99 years, height 165.2±5.45 cm and weight 57.5±2.79 kg and amateur group age 20.78±1.80 years, height 165.00±6.69 cm and weight 55.50±5.50 kg). The EMG (16 channel, Wireless, made by MYON, Switzerland) machine was used to record electrical activity of tibialis anterior, proneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscles. Subjects in both groups performed lunge movement and the values RMS of selected muscles were derived from EMG records at 100 ms before foot initial contact to force plate and 100-200 ms after that. Data analysis was performed by using independent t and Man-Whitney tests by setting significance level at P value less than 0.05.

In comparison with professional group, amateur group had lower values before initial contact the electrical activity of tibialis anterior muscle (P=0.006) and after initial contact the electrical activity of proneus longus (P=0.002) muscle. There was no significant differences among other muscle’s activities (P>0.005(.

By decreasing the activity of tibialis anterior muscle the before initial contact phase and decreasing the activity of the proneus longus muscle in the after initial contact phase of amateur badminton players, it can be stated that Amateur athletes are more susceptible to ankle sprains and need to design strenuous exercises.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of detraining following two types of concurrent training on glycosylated hemoglobin and exercise performance in women with type 2 diabetes.

Twenty-three women with type II diabetes mellitus in Shiraz, randomly were divided into three groups: control group that performed one day endurance training and one day resistance training (Different Day), and a group that performed endurance and resistance exercises in one day (Same Day). Before and after 8 weeks of concurrent training and after four weeks of detraining, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) measured after 12 hours of fasting. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and Time to Exhaustion (TTE) was also calculated through the implementation of the Balkan test on the treadmill.

Two months of concurrent training in both groups of training significantly decreased Hb A1c, a significantly increased in VO2max and TTE in women with type II diabetes (p≤0.05). One month after the concurrent training in SD group resulted in a significant decrease in VO2max and TTE (p ≥0.05), but this decrease was not statistically significant in the DD group. Increase in Hb A1c after detraining was not statistically significant in both training groups (p ≥0.05).

The findings indicate that concurrent training improves glycemic control and increases exercise performance (VO2max and TTE) in women with type II diabetes, but doing DD concurrent training results to keep longer outcomes of training in the detraining periods.

Low back pain is one of the major costly health problems in many developed and developing countries which has many economic and social impacts. The aim of this study was to review the effect of core stability exercises on pain and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Litraturesearches were conducted from 2014 to 2020 years from databases ofScopus, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ISC, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Doaj using keyword including exercises, core stability, pain, functional disability, non-specific, chronic low back pain. The present study was a systematic review (PRISMA).

A total of 11 articles were selected based on the criteria for entering the study. These studies mainly examined the effect of core stability exercises on pain and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

It seems that core stability exercises are effective intervention in pain rehabilitation and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Stuttering is a multidimensional disorder, in which, should be paid attention to speech-related attitudinal reactions alongside speech disfluency. These perceived negative attitudes from the environment play an important role in the formation and persistence of speech disorders, which cause problems in generalizing and stabilizing the treatment of people with stuttering. Therefore, public awareness of these attitudes towards stuttering and trying to change the communication environment greatly help to reduce the severity of stuttering and improve affected people's quality of life. The purpose of this study is to primarily introduce the tests for assessment of the attitude towards stuttering in non-stuttering people.

For complete access to the tools reviewing the non-stuttering people's attitude towards in non-stuttering people, Google, SID, Iranmedex, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and related theses were searched.

Twelve tests were found on assessment of the non-stuttering individual's attitude towards stuttering. These tests were related to assessing the attitudes of parents, teachers, peers and therapists. Significant points from these tests were also explained.

According to the results of the present article, the listener's attitude can have a great impact on the perception of the stuttering person, the formation of negative attitudes and the factors in the persistence or increase of stuttering intensity. Therefore, increasing public awareness and changing attitudes, and especially greater attention paid by therapists to these issues in the treatment process, need more attention.