نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال دهم شماره 2 (بهار 1400)

Due to the increasing prevalence of kidney stones in children in recent decades and the increasing public health burden and worrying complications of kidney stones in these ages and the significant relationship between levels of  1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and plasma calcium, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D level on kidney stones in children under 18 years of age.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 60 children, 30 of whom had kidney stones as a case group and 30 healthy children (without kidney stones) as a control group. Patient information including demographic information, history and results of necessary tests were extracted from patientschr('39') files and the necessary items were entered into a pre-designed checklist. Data were collected and analysed in SPSS software version 17.

The mean of vitamin D, serum calcium and urinary calcium in patients were 48.56 ± 20.06, 9.65 ± 0.65 and 102.59 ± 28.56  mg / dl, respectively. In terms of gender distribution, 58.7% of patients (n=27) were boys and 41.3% (n=19) were girls. In terms of stone material distribution, 52.5% of patients (n=24) had oxalate stones, 26.1% of patients (n=12) had phosphate stones and 21.7% (n=10) had uric stones. Regarding symptoms, 15.2% (n=7) of patients had pain, 10.9% (n=5) of patients had hematuria and 73.9% (n=34) were asymptomatic. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum calcium and vitamin D levels (P = 0.014).

According to this study, urinary tract stones were more common in boys under 18 years of age. Vitamin D, urinary calcium and serum levels, also being a girl or a boy are not related to the material of the stone.

Reciprocal translocation carriers have reduced fertility, increased risk of spontaneous abortion or unbalanced karyotype in their offspring. Here, we report the inheritance of a translocation between chromosomes 12 and 16 in a family with a history of five consecutive blighted ova and an offspring with three cell lines of different genotypes. We assessed parental karyotypes and identified a heterozygous reciprocal translocation in the father (46, XY.t (12; 16) (q24.12; p13.2)). The t (12; 16) is associated with fetal wastage and may play a role in the etiology of the familychr('39')s miscarriage. These findings can be used as an effective tool for reproductive guidance and genetic counseling.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of severe infections in hospital and community and can cause significant mortality and morbidity in patients. In this study, the susceptibility and resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus to common antibiotics was investigated by disk diffusion, MIC (Minimal-inhibitory concentration) determination with E-test and D-test

This study was performed on 66 clinical specimens of Staphylococcus aureus from different wards of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan for one and a half years. Sensitivity, intermediate susceptibility and resistance status of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics for cefazolin, cloxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole were determined by disk diffusion method. In cases where Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to clindamycin but resistant to erythromycin, a D-Test was also performed to evaluate the inducible resistance to clindamycin. The frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in addition to disk diffusion method was also determined by MIC method.

Of 66 samples collected during one and a half years, all samples were sensitive to vancomycin. The sensitivity to co-trimoxazole was 90.9%, cefazolin 86.4%, clindamycin 81.8%, cloxacillin 71.2%. D-Test was positive in 5.5% of the samples. The frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in both E-test and disk diffusion methods was 28.8%. The highest rate of resistance was in the ICU ward (31.2%).

In this study, antibiotic resistance in general was less prevalent than in most other centers, which could be due to the higher prevalence of ulcer samples with lower resistance percentage or to avoid the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and more appropriate use of antibiotics in wards (other than intensive care units). Also, according to the D-Test method, there was no significant resistant induction of clindamycin in our center, so it can be used easily if the organism is sensitive.

Human life is always accompanied by many crises and injuries. Impact or injury is an incident that can create a serious challenge to the individual. This study aims to present a structural model for predicting post-traumatic growth Inventory based on personality traits mediated by resilience in women with breast cancer.

This is a descriptive correlational study in which 200 women diagnosed with breast cancer admitted to Imam Hosein Hospital in Tehran and Imam Ali Hospital Complex of Alborz University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method and tested in terms of personality traits, resilience and post-traumatic growth Inventory.

Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This model contains three Predictor variable (extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness), one mediating variable (resilience), and one criterion variable (post-traumatic growth Inventory). The results showed different direct and indirect effects of the variables. Some coefficients were significant at 99% confidence level while some others were not significant at 95% confidence level (the level of significance was greater than 0.05). Extroversion and openness to experience had the greatest and least effects on resilience, respectively. Moreover, resilience had the greatest effect on posttraumatic growth.

Resilience mediates extraversion and conscientiousness. Extraversion and conscientiousness affect post-traumatic growth Inventory.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have neuroprotective effects on amelioration of cerebral ischemic injuries. This study was investigated the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) as a HDACi hippocampal cell damage and neuronal/dark neuronal density in a rat cerebral hypoxic ischemia (HI) model.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (weight: 210±10 gr) were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, HI+NS, HI+SB150 and HI+SB300. To induce The HI model after complete occlusion of the left carotid artery, animals were placed in a hypoxic chamber (containing 7.6% oxygen) for one hour. Twenty-four hours after surgery, SB was injected intraperitoneally for one week at doses of 150 and 300 mg / kg body weight. Then, the hippocampus was histopathologically studied. Cell density and neuronal dark density in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus subareas were assessed by stereological method.

Cell damage with increased dark neurons was observed in the different subareas of hippocampus in HI+NS group compared with the control group (p˂0.05). However, treatment with SB dose-dependently reduced cell damage and increased neuronal density in all four different hippocampal subareas (p˂0.05).

SB with its neuroprotective effects suppresses hippocampal neuron damage and production of apoptotic neurons in the cerebral HI model.

Gastric cancer is an important, prevalant and second most fatal cancer in the world. Previous studies show heavy metals have various roles in human health. Heavy metals are known to be associated with various cancers but their function in gastric adenocarcinoma is unclear. In this study we examined serum level of these metals in gastric adenocarcinoma patients compared to control group.

In total, 114 subjects (54 controls and 60 cancer patients) were included in this study. We took blood samples from 60 known cases of gastric adenocarcinoma hospitalized in oncology Ward of Valiaasr Hospital and 53 none cancerous patients hospitalized in other wards of the Valiasr hospital, as control group. After sample preparation, serum concentration of  Zinc, Cadmium, Lead and Copper were determined by polarography and the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Serum level of Copper was significantly higher in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma compared to control group (P-Vlue= 0.04). No significant differences were  found in serum  level of zinc, lead and cadmium in gastric adenocarcinoma patients compared to control group (P-Value > 0.05), however the mean concentration of zinc and Lead were higher in cancerous patients.

Findings in this study appear to support that Copper overload may be risk factor of Gastric Adenocarcinoma but to find out the exact roles of theses heavy metals, more extended studies are needed. Recently, tendency to use copper containing dishes has been increased in our society, so necessary warnings should be given to the community as to the possible carcinogenicity of copper.

The term "electromagnetic fields" (EMF) is a combination of electric and magnetic fields as a diagnostic method as well as a therapeutic tool with many advantages such as ease of operation and painlessness, very controllable, which today has found wide application in regenerative medicine and also cancer treatment.  In addition to organs such as nerves, hearts, and bones that have an electrical function, the presence of electrically charged particles inside the cells creates an internal electromagnetic field. This field can be affected by the external electromagnetic field and cause therapeutic effects. Its therapeutic effects relate to the applications of the electromagnetic field as a stimulus to induce various biological effects on cells, such as altering cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA proliferation, cytokine expression, and more. Also, combination therapy by the electromagnetic field, along with other physical therapies such as radiotherapy and even systemic therapy such as chemotherapy, are the most important approaches to using the electromagnetic field in the treatment of cancer. Subsequently, Electromagnetic fields can lead to the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and the modulation of the immune system, which plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine treatments. Also, this field can create new horizons in cancer treatment due to its many advantages such as being a non-invasive, selective function, and ease of using and as well as affordability.

The term "electromagnetic fields" (EMF) is a combination of electric and magnetic fields as a diagnostic method as well as a therapeutic tool with many advantages such as ease of operation and painlessness, very controllable, which today has found wide application in regenerative medicine and also cancer treatment.  In addition to organs such as nerves, hearts, and bones that have an electrical function, the presence of electrically charged particles inside the cells creates an internal electromagnetic field. This field can be affected by the external electromagnetic field and cause therapeutic effects. Its therapeutic effects relate to the applications of the electromagnetic field as a stimulus to induce various biological effects on cells, such as altering cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA proliferation, cytokine expression, and more. Also, combination therapy by the electromagnetic field, along with other physical therapies such as radiotherapy and even systemic therapy such as chemotherapy, are the most important approaches to using the electromagnetic field in the treatment of cancer. Subsequently, Electromagnetic fields can lead to the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and the modulation of the immune system, which plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine treatments. Also, this field can create new horizons in cancer treatment due to its many advantages such as being a non-invasive, selective function, and ease of using and as well as affordability.

Female-headed households are one of the most important, sensitive and vulnerable groups in society whose health status is important for facilitating and policy-making. The aim of this study was to determinate the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and social well-being in female heads of suburban households of Karaj city.

Overall, 160 female-headed households of suburban of Karaj were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through the standard social well-being and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression tests with a significance level of 5% by SPSS 22.0.
 

The results showed a significant positive correlation between health-promoting lifestyle and social well-being in female-headed households of suburban (r = 0.33, P-Value <0.01). Regression analysis showed that from subscales of the health-promoting lifestyle, interpersonal relationships (B = 0.31, P-Value = 0.014) and responsibility (B = 0.27, P-Value = 0.004) had the greatest impact on social well-being. Education level had a significant positive correlation with social well-being (r = 0.18, P-Value = 0.025) and health-promoting lifestyle (r = 0.20, P-Value = 0.01).
 

Health-promoting lifestyle, especially sub-scale of interpersonal relationships affect the social well-being of female-headed households of suburban. Given that the education level of these women was very low, it is recommended to pay more attention to education, especially the learning of individual and social skills in these areas

Harlequin ichthyosis is the most severe form of congenital ichthyoses with horny (Keratinized) and chapped thick skin throughout the body. In this disease, disruption in keratinization of epidermis results in the impaired barrier function and susceptibility of the neonate to dehydration and infection. In this article, a term male neonate with harlequin ichthyosis, born of a 29-year-old mother, was reported. On initial examination by a pediatrician, thick skin was observed with deep transverse clefts and hyper keratinization, and the infant was the infant was discharged because of absence of respiratory disorder and regularity of  heart rate.

 Uterine rupture in pregnancy and labour is a fetal complication. Prevalence of uterine rupture in pregnancy in women with no previous uterine scare specially, nulliparous women without any risk is rare. Risk factors of uterine rupture in women with no previous scare are such as trauma, obstetrics maneuvers, high parity, multiple babies and uterotonic agents.

A 23 years woman with prime gravid, term pregnant was admitted in with chief complaint of uterine contractions. In the first examination shows: dilatation:4-5 cm, effacement : 50%, station: -2 and FHR:145. In full dilatation and complete effacement mother was exhusted. Due to her lack of cooperation in the 2nd Stage fundal pressure has been performed. After 5 minutes a baby with Apgare Score 3/4 has been born. Weighing 3500 grms. Placenta and itchr('39')s appendix completely evacuated. Uterine massages has been performed. Hemorrhage was heavy. Cervix was observed it was intac. Uterine agents and two hand uterine massage has been performed but there was persistent hemorrhage. Patient complaints of sharp pain in the abdomen. Corrugated has been done, there was no remains. Patient was suspected to uterine rupture. Immediately she was shifted to op room. In laparotomy uterine rupture in the fundus and body has been observed and repaired by gynecologist. After 72 hrs patient has been discharged from hospital with normal state.

 we recommend which in the patient with fundal pressure specially with bradycardia an internal evaluation to be performe. In case of uterine rupture diagnosis, therefore rapid actions can be done.

PPH is one of three main causes of maternal mortality in the developing countries. Atony is responsible for 75-90 % of PPH. In the lack of essential actions for reparation there will be substantial increase of maternal deaths. Recently TXA benefits in reduction of PPH is considered by many researchers. TXA is a finaquinolysis inhibitor. It’s been years TXA is commonly used in surgeries such as coronary artery bypass craft, scoliosis, orthoplasty as well as idiopathic metrorrhagia. 

A  24 years woman  G2P1L1 was admitted in Hospital for termination of pregnancy. (GA=40 w+4d) The main complaints were reduction of fetal movements and AFI=6-8cm.Misoprostol inserts for labour induction, after 6 hrs induction continues with oxytocin. By normal delivery baby  with normal Apgar score has been born weighing 3100 gr. Placenta and appendix normally delivered. But the uterine was sleazy and atonic. Hemorrhage was +1. Corrugate has been done, there was no remains. Uterotonic agents such as syntosinon, methergine, sublingual misoprostol and two hand uterine massage has been performed. But there was persistently uterine atony and active hemorrhage. Afterwards, finally Amp Tranexamic Acid has been used. Behind 10 minutes of IV injection uterine was well contracted with normal bleeding.

According to literatures and anti fibrinolytic effect of TXA we can use this medicine for resistant atonic uterus.

Preeclampsia is a serious, inflammatory-mediated hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting approximately 8% of all pregnancies. Based on recent studies, women with vitamin D deficiency may have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D and CRP levels and explore the role and correlation between each other and also occurrence of preeclampsia.

55 preeclamptic women and 55 healthy pregnant women were selected from Kamali hospital in karaj, Iran. 6 ml of venous blood sample was collected from each pregnant woman and the serum 25-OH-D and CRP levels were measured by ELISA which reported in ng/mL and mg/dL, respectively. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi square and logistic regression.

Preeclamptic women (n=55) were noted to have decreased total 25-OH-D and elevated CRP levels relative to healthy control women (n=55; P<0.001). This difference in vitamin D deficiency remained significant after adjustment for maternal age and BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 12.54, confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–154.95, P=0.047].

These results showed that vitamin D deficiency and abnormal inflammatory status have a statistically significant relationship with preeclampsia and support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for preeclampsia in the context of an inflammatory condition.

This research paper aimed at to study the factors in relevance to the performance of screening behavior in per diabetes based on the stimulus model of preserve from the overweight and obese personnel of Karaj education administration.

the research method of the study is descriptive-analytical one and the statistical community of survey, are including of overweight and obese personnel of Karaj education administration of without diabetes. The sampling method is accessible one and350 individuals have been selected for gathering of data from the scholar-made inventory the analysis of data performed by exploitation from analytical and descriptive statistics (t-test of regression Modell).

the results indicating that 58.6% of samples (men) and 38.3% of them women have took part in the tests. and autonomous t-test is indicating of meaningful disagreement among the overage scores of apprehension sensitivity, fear ,prepones amount, and reward in two groups of including of test and without test and three prediction variables statistically had the ability for Explanation of standard variable (apprehension sensitivity ,response mount, and reward.)The obtained level of significance for each of these variables were less than (p<0. 01) and the strongest construct of motivation theory of preservation for the prediction of possibility of screening of Pre-diabetes with the conduct of experiment of hemoglobin HbA1C has been the apprehension sensitivity.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that protection motivation theory is an appropriate framework for predicting diabetes screening behavior.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important bacteria because of high ability to obtain antibiotic resistance genes and creation of multi-drug resistant strains (MDR). Today, the active efflux pumps has been suggested as one of the most important mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance of antibiotics in bacteria. The aim of this study was Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic expression of efflux pumpin clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.

Twenty eight strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from wound of patients were admitted to Tehran heart  hospital and diagnosed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined by disc diffusion method according to CLSI. Cartwheel method was used to determine the activity of the efflux pump after determining the antibiotic resistant profile, the expression of adeA, AdeB and AbeM gene evaluated by RT-PCR

Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolated Acinetobacter baumannii show a high resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and imipenem antibiotics in all strains. The results of the cartwheel were identical before and after the administration of the ciprofloxacin and gentamicin antibiotics. Also Antibiotic resistance to the gene expression of adeA, adeB and abeM were up to 50%.

Evalution of phenotypic result of efflux and gene expression of the efflux pump indicates that, there is no significant relationship between the efflux pump in phenotypic method and the molecular method of gene experssion of adeA, adeB, abeM in presences of to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.

Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that occurs in some patients with acute chemical or drug poisoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of rhabdomyolysis in patients with acute toxicity due to different chemicals or overdose.

After approval by the University Medical Research Committee, in this cross-sectional retrospective study, all patients with acute intoxication who had been treated in the Poisoning ward of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Karaj between March 2019 and March 2020 with high serum creatinine phosphokinase (>1000 UI/I) were studied.

Out of 4190 hospitalized patients in poisoning ward, 80 patients (3.6%) had rhabdomyolysis. Opium (32.5%) was the most common drug in these patients. About 60% of patients had high creatine and ARF. Discussion and

Patients with acute poisoning are at increased risk of rhabdomyolysis. Acute drug poisoning (opium) is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis in patients with poisoning, and ARF is a major complication.