نشریه فرهنگ ایلام
پیاپی 68-69 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to examine the meta-analysis of economic and social factors related to suicide. The research method in this study was meta-analysis. After reviewing the research on suicide, which was available on the websites of the Academic Jihad Scientific Database and the Nuremberg Specialized Journals Database, there were 25 articles and theses among the researches considering the research variables and the correct stages of the research implementation. They were selected at randomly. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The software used for the analysis in this study was comprehensively meta-analysis software (CMA2, STATA15). The results of the meta-analysis showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between social support, social capital (communication, support, trust, norms and obligations), employment and suicide. There is a positive relationship between family (maladaptation, family mistrust), mental health (hopelessness, depression and stress) and age. Suicide rates in women are also higher than men. As a final result in most studies, researchers have investigated suicide without resorting to direct methods of referring to the community and relying solely on second-order data. There is no standard set of methods or theories for the study of suicide; in other words, there is no scientific community of scholars who have repeated interactions with shared beliefs and values and have social interactions intertwined with epistemic interconnection and consensus. A variety of theories, topics, and methods of study are also found in studies. The results of investigating the studies, especially in the case of Ilam province show that the cases are relatively different in intensity for the situation in Ilam province and is not far from the country.

In the past, men have had a closer relationship with the natural environment around them due to the conditions of the time. Over time, many different phenomena and events on the earth have involved the minds and attention of human beings; and they tried to explain how they were formed. With the inability of early people to understand how phenomena form, they have inevitably sought the help of myths. Myths and geology are related in several ways. Some myths are the result of man's attempts to explain noteworthy features of his environment, such as striking landforms or unusual smaller features, whereas others try to account for conspicuous natural processes, such as earthquakes, volcanic phenomena, and floods. The characters of myths are usually supernatural beings and are always associated with holiness, evil and benevolence. The geomyths, or explanatory, myths are what folklorists call etiological, are the most common type of geologically inspired folklore. Early or primitive people always have been familiar with various fossils and they also have variety utilized, so that over time associated with them, including therapeutic-healing properties and other diverse applications of fossils, beliefs, myths and allegories diversity among them has vogue. For example, one can mention the term of Cheng-e Pari among local people of Eyvan-e Qarb Township as fossils in the limestone are applied. Today, the local-ethnic stories or myths about the phenomenon of Geosciences, named geomythology are being studied. Geomythology is the study of etiological oral traditions created by pre-scientific cultures to explain, in poetic metaphor and mythological imagery, geological phenomena such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, fossils, and other natural features of the landscape. Geomythology explores the relationship between geology and various kinds of folklore. In this article an example of geomythology in oral culture Eyvan-e Qarb Township in Ilam province was discussed. In popular culture, these fossils are of great sacredness and spiritual importance and are respected. Based on the results and studies, the necessary steps for the formation of geomyths in popular culture are: Human-environment interaction; Observation and curiosity; Inability to understand the formation of the phenomena; Justification of the issue with supernatural reasons; The early emergence of mythological beliefs; Primary acceptance and gradual extending in the community; Final acceptance and fixation in folklore; Continuity in generation and belief to the myth emerged.

One of the consequences of rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades has been neglecting human presence in urban spaces, which is the cause of the decline of social interactions of individuals. Today, more principles of sustainable development are in the public domain city. In this regard, since active engagement with life is more than anything else, by providing opportunities for participation, activity and social interaction among citizens, the extent participation in public areas city affect the physical and mental conditions of citizens and the establishment of the goals of sustainable social development are influential. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the theoretical and empirical methods and identify some effective indicators on achieving social and cultural sustainability the urban spaces and considering the needs citizens in the urban environment of the sample. The current study is descriptive-analytical and surveying in terms of purpose, practical and applied, in terms of nature and method of the study. The statistical tools of SPSS used to analyze the questionnaires of the statistical society and to test the research hypotheses and the final results were presented in the form of goals, strategies and executive policies. Based on the above theory and the results of the questionnaire, Pasdaran Street currently has no conditions. But considering the existing potential, if favorable conditions for walking can be created, it can turn into an urban space to meet the social and needs of citizens in the city of Ilam. If it succeeds, it can be used as a model for the sidewalks in Ilam.

Social capital is one of the new features of development in society and urban neighborhoods. Despite the identification of different dimensions of social capital, its role in urban development planning has been less researched. Sustainable urban development can be sustainable when it is accepted as a culture and involves the unofficial participation of individuals in a nation. In sustainable development, people's well-being is considered as the most important goal. Sense of urban security, leisure, spatial distribution of public utilities, justice in access to green space, educational, sports, service and health and participation in cleanliness of the city, reduction of air pollution, water and noise pollution, environmental consequences from the traffic, are the positive consequences of attention to the dimensions of social capital. With the use of capable endogenous forces and existing social capital, it is possible to succeed in solving acute urban space problems.

Kangir Dam is one of the border dams in the west of the country that was flooded in the winter of 2015. The consequences of this intake were the destruction of several important cultural sites, the evacuation of communities inside the reservoir of the dam, along with the unwanted and forced migration of the residents of the dam to other places. Meanwhile, there are many challenges in various social and cultural fields (archeology, ethnology and language and dialect) for the construction of dams. And the most important issue is that by carrying out such development projects and forced resettlement of the affected families, what will happen to the cultural structure of these communities and their antiquities and background? And how should one respond to its consequences? Identifying the positive and negative effects and consequences of the construction of Kangir Dam based on the author's studies and field observations and providing a sample evaluation report as a case study, in order to use experts in other projects and to highlight the role of cultural heritage studies in development projects, are the main purpose of this research.

In today's competitive world, creating and maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty is critical to the sustainability of organizations; therefore, the attention of social responsibility by organizations in order to create satisfaction in day-to-day customers is increasing. The purpose of this study, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method, was to investigate the effect of social responsibility on customer satisfaction with the emphasis on the mediating role of ethical consumption behavior. In this regard, 384 clothing consumers in the city of Ilam were selected as a statistical sample using the Cochran's formula. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling technique and Spss and Smart Pls software. The results showed that corporate social responsibility has a direct impact on purchasing satisfaction and ethical consumption behavior. Social responsibility also indirectly affects customer satisfaction with the purchase through the mediation of ethical consumption behavior.

Tax revenues play a key role in financing the world and economic growth and development. Paying attention to culture and strengthening it is one of the most useful and effective methods in improving tax revenues, so in order to promote tax culture, it is especially important to study the factors affecting it. The aim is to examine the factors affecting the strengthening of the tax culture. The statistical population of all taxpayers in Ilam province was determined as the sample size based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. The research tool is a questionnaire that was confirmed by studying the theoretical foundations and using the opinions of experts and validity experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire 0.813. The test of research hypotheses showed that efforts to provide information in a timely manner, training taxpayers, paying attention to tax justice, providing tax facilities to support vulnerable groups, encouraging sample taxpayers, imposing fines on delinquent taxpayers, non-discrimination in law enforcement, efforts to reduce tax evasion and social awareness of the use of tax resources are among the culturally influential factors of taxation. According to the results of Friedman test, the factors of non-discrimination in the implementation of laws and regulations, providing tax facilities to protect vulnerable groups, efforts to reduce tax evasion, attention to tax justice, social awareness of tax resources, fines for delinquent taxpayers, respectively. Taxpayer training, sample taxpayer incentives and efforts to provide timely information rank first to ninth.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of the Taleghani sidewalk in Ilam in improving the quality of the urban environment according to the citizens' point of view and based on a descriptive-survey research with the benefit of documentary studies. The statistical population of the study was also the citizens of Elam and the statistical sample of this research was selected by Cochran method to 384 people; Thus, 384 questionnaires were distributed among pedestrians on Taleghani Street. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of the research findings showed that from the point of view of Elamite citizens, the role of Taleghani sidewalk in improving the quality of urban environment is less than average and this sidewalk has a poor environmental quality in the eyes of citizens; Also, from their point of view, the indicators of form and body, socio-cultural, land use, activity and environment are in the priority of the first to fourth influence, respectively.

Women heads of households do not have enough time to properly educate and provide appropriate emotional, informational and financial support to their children and control their behaviors and actions due to the interference of the breadwinner with the role of housewife and the pressure of the role. The aim of this study was to compare the mental health status of working women heads of households and spouses of education in Ilam province and for this purpose the survey research method was used comparatively and using random sampling among working women heads of households 351 employed women were selected. The average mental health among working women is 28.7 and among working women is 19.7. The average dimension of mental health among working women with a husband is lower than working women heads of households. The prevalence of mental disorders in four dimensions has shown that the most mental disorders among working women heads of households are related to the dimension of anxiety and physical symptoms and the least disorder is related to the dimension of depression.

The present study aims to investigate and study the understanding of the risk of drivers in Ilam city in terms of traffic rules according to age variables, level of education, accident records, driving experience and number of fines per year, using a questionnaire developed and distributed among drivers in the city level and their collection were completed after being completed by the drivers to achieve the results that have the greatest impact on increasing the level of understanding of the risk. Components of traffic behaviors, traffic views, and risky behaviors were considered as components of driver risk perception to be evaluated for all drivers according to the variables mentioned. The results showed that higher education did not make high-educated people more likely to be at risk. Also, as people age, their understanding of traffic hazards and their legitimacy increases dramatically. People who have less than 1 year of driving experience have a better understanding of the risk than people who have 1-2 years or 3-5 years of driving experience. But from the fifth year onwards, the perception of danger increases again, and among drivers with more than 10 years of driving experience, it peaks.