فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (بهار 1400)

Medical device manufacturing, both plays a key role in providing requirements of health care system and has economic and technological potential of development. This strategic industry can be an effective driver for industrial development and supporting health system of Iran. Efforts for development of domestic production of medical devices, assuming the especial characters of the industry, require more understanding of the factors affecting supporting policies. Here the main question is that, what are the factors and their importances, affecting medical device manufacturing policy-making? Then this research with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting medical device manufacturing policies in Iran was done. This is a mixed research, which is made by a 2-round Delphi method. Also, as an innovation of this research, the specific matrixes of the relations between factors and knowledge of experts were determined. Then, by calculating the fuzzy weighted means of each factor, ranking the factors affecting medical device manufacturing policies as the main result of this paper was presented in two categories: 32 internal and 41 external factors. Finally, the research results are proposed to be used as a base in public policy making and road mapping of medical device industry (MDI) and developing strategies for producers of medical devices in Iran.

The policy cycle is not complete without policy evaluation. It has been more than eight years since the implementation of “knowledge-based companies supporting law”, and it is time to evaluate the outcomes and achievements of these policies. Due to the lack of clear indicators for this evaluation, this study tries to develop a set of related indicators by studying the theoretical foundations, experiences of other countries and holding some expert panels. Then, after collecting and preparing data, some of the most important indicators were calculated and the effectiveness of the programs was evaluated. In other words, this study is an ex-post effectiveness assessment based on the collection and analysis of objective data from sources such as corporate tax returns, knowledge-based companies database, evaluation reports of agents of the Vice-Presidency for Science and Technology and the Real Estate Registration Organization of Iran database; So has avoided subjective judgments. Most of the data used in this paper were related to the years 1393 to 1396. The indicators have been calculated in different ways for consecutive years as much as possible to provide more comparability. The results show that policy tools to facilitate customs affairs have the most effect, and tools aimed at human resources and establishing accounting procedures have the least effect. It is difficult to monitor the effect of tax policies on increasing R&D activities, but they had a significant effect on reducing corporate costs compared to other tax exemptions.

English One of the problems the insurance industry faces is a failure in innovation. An approach to solve this problem is to allow individuals to participate and create ideas, and consequently innovation. Social media is an example of tools that, under the crowdsourcing models can enable individuals to participate and interact in creating ideas. moreover, this issue demands innovation in the entire current processes of this eighty-year-old industry. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify institutional components, the players and the key components that are necessary for stablishing a system of idea crowdsourcing in this industry. This paper applied a case study in the commercial insurance industry and analyzed its content qualitatively. The results revealed that, eight kinds of formal institutions should be established and the formation of a new five teams of players is necessary, furthermore the need for the presence of eight key components is identified.

Water and electricity policies as the axis of development are considered as the most important public policies of the country and their successful implementation is of great importance. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the successful implementation of these policies in the Ministry of Energy and its statistical population, experts in the water and electricity industry and data collection tools were interviewed. Samples were purposefully selected and the sample size was determined based on "Theoretical saturation" and information analysis was performed using "Thematic Analysis Method". The findings of this study identify 105 effective factors in the form of 6 comprehensive themes including policy, Beneficiaries, characteristics of implementers, bureaucracy and administrative system and environmental factors and monitoring and evaluation. Also, in the framework of contingency theory, 17 new effective factors have been discovered, which will increase the success rate of implementation in the Ministry of Energy.

Despite its various technological capabilities, East Azerbaijan Province is one of the most unsuccessful research regions in terms of innovation typology. Therefore, in accordance with the dependence of innovation on the characteristics of regions, this article seeks to design a policy mix for the development of regional innovation ecosystem in East Azerbaijan Province. For this purpose, first, based on the grounded theory strategy and via interview, the experiences of senior managers of the province are extracted and translated to a local framework for designing a policy mix for the development of regional innovation ecosystem in the province was developed. Then the framework is implemented in the auto parts manufacturing industry. Based on the research findings, attracting the participation of a wide range of stakeholders, aligning with horizontal and vertical policies, paying attention to the regional innovation infrastructure and emphasizing on trans-regional integration are highlighted in the macro model of innovation policy. Also the importance of typology, ecosystem components' exploration, CSF identification and life cycle analysis in the evaluation of innovation ecosystems was also emphasized, and finally the necessity of the evaluation of the probable effects of the policy tools and the further planning for the implemention of the policy mix was explained.

The Policies normally reflect and flow from views about human behavior held by those charged with setting these policies because the measures proposed to deal with different problems are embedded in the conception of human nature or nurture and a set of assumptions about the consequences of government efforts from encouraging to prohibiting a given type of human behavior. This is what we are trying to deal with in these pages.

For the purpose of studying the development process of political voice, the campaign activists (#مادرم_ایرانی_است_من_کجایی_ام) were interviewed and the content of the most retweeted messages were qualitatively analyzed. Findings depict that “organize first, protest later” prepared a division of work between activist mothers, officials, NGO’s, and Journalists and some strategies like: preventing politicization, distribution in the virtual space after consensus between policy actors and intertextual reasoning were implemented. The social media became a ground for parts of the campaign to share contents and narrate, familiarize, organize and notify, do hashtag activism, recognize each other’s voice and try to make the voice heard by people and officials out of the campaign. The most important contexts are: the shortage of trust, negative cultural attitude to immigrants, antagonistic political environment, international (the insecure Middle East, international support), and social media (impossibility of incarceration of voice and facilitation of horizontal and vertical relations)

Owing to its hydrocarbon resources, arms trade market and regional rivalries of major powers, the Persian Gulf has always served as an attractive issue for research. However, it has attracted lesser attention with regard to the effectiveness of economic policy on major components. Nowadays, political economy, combined with the process of public policy and the mechanism of the political power’s confrontation with challenge, is thought to affect economic policies and formation and shaping of geographical spaces. Within the framework of the developmental state research approach and considering the crucial role of states in the development and non-development of spaces in the Middle East region, the present study aims to investigate the effect of economic policy on macroeconomic indices such as human development, GDP growth, unemployment, inflation and Gini coefficient in Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar based on the descriptive-analytical method. To this end, the indices of the countries being studied were compared by means of the simple additive weighting (SAW) method. The results showed that ideological differences and the manner of interaction and function of governments in the countries being studied affected global classifications whereby Qatar has achieved greater success in the intended indices among the other countries based on the economic policy influenced by economic and political diversification.

The purpose of this study is to assess the obstacles facing desalination in Iran. In this regard, this descriptive-analytical study identified the variables affecting decentralization based on semi-structured interviews and previous studies and based on a questionnaire and a survey of 30 experts in the field of local governance, collected the required information. The method of analysis was based on the method of documentary analysis and also using multi-criteria decision analysis methods. The results of the present study showed that the most important obstacles to decentralization in the institutional political component are the lack of integrated urban management; In the economic component, the country's rent economy; In the sociology-administrative component, the lack of necessary powers of the councils and the lack of participation of the people in the decisions of the councils; In the technological and environmental component, (insufficient use of technologies) and in the legal component, (failure to define an executive guarantee for the implementation of council approvals).

Inventions are registered and supported based on the three requirements of novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability. These requirements have specific definitions and concepts which may be different from country to country. On the other hand, according to patent regulations, in certain cases, it is necessary to issue Compulsory licenses for the exploitation of patents, and in some cases, under the category of exceptions to patents, the invention can also be used without the permission of the inventor. However, the issue of climate change, which is now an important international issue, has changed many of the globally accepted infrastructure and principles and regulations. Therefore, considering the importance of patents in the development of countries, the question is whether the phenomenon of climate change can also make changes in the patent system and lead to an increase or decrease in patent issuance? And or in some way, expand the cases of free exploitation of patents? The present paper concludes with a descriptive-analytical method with a library and sometimes field research that changes in the components of the patent system and new interpretations of its regulations are not unlikely considering climate change and environmental hazards and signs of this change can be found.

Ever since the characteristic difference between natural and social science was distinguished, the understanding and usage of research methods which suits the research question best, became a major topic in Methodology. The field of Public Policy Studies witnessed the same encounter. Some researcher influenced by the ongoing debate between positivism and post-positivism ideas, introduced the “Narrative policy framework”. The NPF relies mainly on the assumption that the social reality is constructed by Narratives. The NPF which less than 10 years have passed since its publication will be discussed in this paper so the researchers will find his way with the theoretical and scientific dimension of the framework. In this regard following the theoretical explanation, the necessarily steps for operating a research with NPF will also be demonstrated.