نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای سیاسی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، تابستان 1399)

Toponymy as an integral part of linking Geographic Sciences, linguistics and archeology plays an important role and has a special place in the study of historical events and the cultural characteristics and attributes of human societies in the past, from which have been remained only the name of the document and their written works. Meanwhile, the geographical location of Iran as the terminus of incredible historical events and the superiority of oral culture has led to the cultural and political events of many parts of the country in the history of the country so that nothing but the name of them has been left. The ancient city of Nahavand and many of the geographical points of this city are not far from the features mentioned. Meanwhile, the study of the "mountains of Ārdešān" Near mentioned city from the toponomy point of view, along with the perimeter names of this mountain, where no research has ever been done about them, is at the center of this paper. The present research, which has a descriptive-analytical nature, uses a historical approach to explore the geography of mountains of Ārdešān by using library and field methods (referring to the place and using the dialect Native inputs (inputs and data) required for its collection are collected. The result of the research showed that their Ārdešān means "holy place".

Political geography study important concepts, patterns, currents, events, and processes in various scales throughout the world. This kind of geography involve and debate about the concepts such as personal space, domestics, neighborhoods, proximities, city, village, province, area, region, territory, districts, country, continent, hemisphere, or perhaps planet earth. Also each of these spaces has their own specific purposes and meanings for people and each one defined by another one accordingly. Every person has particular personal space with invisible borders and limits around his body, which those intruders and uninvited guests have no place in it. We have always faced with this type of space and if others have interference on it we will feel fear and worry. Now days, personal space problems by attend to development of technology and media equipment needs to new approach and new definition. Definitely, familiarity with this concept helps people and allow person to cross and exceed from personal limits and confines in his human relationships. In addition, each individual can create reliable and lovely imagine of his audience in his mind, while he consider and adhere to these rituals and habits among his social and individual interactions. The main purpose of this article is to study the territoriality among individual personal space of Kermanshah city. So, this question has been mad that whether or not personal space available in the city. The methodology of this study is based on analytical and descriptive way, and the data collecting has been done by questioner and by used of Spss software. The discussion is basing on personal privacy or friendly distance, social distance, popular distance, culture and relational space. The society which discussed here involves the different and educated classes of Kermanshah province and the sample studied involve 299 people whom selected randomly by odd and even. The results show that the behavior that existed among animals and humans which called territoriality means everyone have specific space that surrounding his body and carry it which is specific for them. Also, personal spaces in different places have different meaning and some limited is necessary and inevitable generally one feels safe by this personal space. However, it is being concluded that personal space are available through the city while purpose of the article are made too.

Border areas are geographical areas that, despite their high capacity, are sometimes neglected in accordance with their specific conditions. Due to their distance from the center, geographical isolation, etc., these areas have huge differences in terms of welfare and development with the central centers, and the creation and operation of border markets can moderate the one-way relationship between the center and the surrounding area and improve regional well-being. . This study examines the impact of Shushmi border market on the development and welfare of Nosud city in Kermanshah province using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all cocoons, merchants and other operators as well as citizens of Nosud. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula of 320 people and the questionnaire was distributed among them. SPSS software (Cronbach, regression, correlation) and LISREL software were used to analyze the data. Based on the results obtained from linear regression, the economic variable has the highest correlation with the development and welfare of border residents. Among other dimensions, the results of the correlation test showed that the social component had the highest correlation with the research components.

The political organization of space and how it is managed today has become one of the main concerns of political and geopolitical studies of geography. The importance of this issue is doubled when there are certain geographical areas and locations in each country that have special conditions that require deeper geographical recognition and understanding. Therefore, political and security managers who somehow play a role in the political management of such spaces should have high geopolitical literacy, despite their high management capacity. Southern Khorasan province, as one of the border provinces in eastern Iran, has special geopolitical conditions that their recognition will help to develop sustainable security as well as the comprehensive development of this province. Therefore, increasing the geopolitical literacy of the political and security managers of the South Khorasan Province will play an important role in the sustainable and comprehensive development and security of the province. Therefore, the present study is descriptive-analytic and applied in terms of data collection and is survey research. To measure the geopolitical literacy of political and security managers, he distributed 35 questionnaires to political, security, and religious managers in South Khorasan province. To examine the level of geopolitical literacy and its components among managers and officials, a one-sample t-test was used and considering that the t-statistic is negative (-7.03), it can be said that 95% confidence level of geopolitical literacy between managers and The authorities were undesirable and at a low level. Regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of geopolitical literacy on managers' performance. In the linear regression model, there was a significant 95% confidence level between geopolitical literacy and the dependent variable of managers' performance. Also, the correlation coefficient (R) of the model is 0.71. In other words, a 95% confidence level of the geopolitical literacy variable predicts the dependent variable of managers 'performance, so that the geopolitical literacy variable has a significant effect on managers' performance improvement (ie, increasing the geopolitical literacy index increases performance). Managers). Overall, the findings and findings indicate that although there has been interested in geopolitical issues among managers, the level of geopolitical literacy has been low, but most respondents acknowledge the role of geopolitical literacy in promoting the performance of provincial managers.Keywords: Geopolitical Literacy, Political-Security Managers, Border Areas, Southern Khorasan

The present study has introduced transcendent governance as the preferred model of governance in Islamic governments. In this regard, the relationship between transcendent governance and national authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied. In the present age, when the supreme administration of affairs is considered by the rulers and individuals of the world, modeling and choosing an efficient method appropriate to human nature is essential to meet the essential needs of their lives. Given the advancement of technology and the need to provide for the needs of societies as well as the guidance and well-being of individuals in the direction of human evolution, good governance is inevitable. Therefore, the choice of a method of governing with divine legitimacy and popular acceptance and victory is the desire of all nations. In this mixed qualitative research, using meta-combined methods and content analysis, the content of the initial studies is qualitatively analyzed and the findings and results of other studies are analyzed and explained, to upgrade existing knowledge and provide a comprehensive view of the issue. Then, by enumerating the components of transcendent governance, how they affect the efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency of government, as well as public acceptance and satisfaction have been studied. Based on the results, in the case of the implementation of transcendent governance in various geographical scales with the obtained components, the promotion of the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran in both external and internal aspects is inevitable and undeniable.