فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 52 (تابستان 1400)

The study is to present a structural model of the effect of media advertising on sport-based lifestyle by explaining the mediating role of body management re-identification (From the Police Force Point of View in Tehran). The method of study was a correlational one based on structural equation modeling. 400 police officers in Tehran were selected by cluster random sampling. The method of data collection was field and using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS25 and AMOS24 softwares. The results showed that the direct and standardized effect of media advertising (p= 0/017, β= 0/49) on body identity is significant. Also, the direct and standardized effect of body identity (p= 0/012, β= 0/37) and media advertising (p= 0/00, β= 0/61) on sport-based lifestyle is significant. The direct effect of marriage and education on sport-based lifestyle was 0/11 and 0/26, respectively, which showed a significant relationship. But the relationship between age and sport-based lifestyle was not significant (P> 0/05). It can be concluded that sport-based lifestyle can be effective through media advertising by body identity.

The research is to study the effect of lifestyle and media literacy on social identity in sports organizations. 384 employees of the General Departments of Sports and Youth of the whole country participated in the research voluntarily using cluster sampling method and answered the social identity questionnaire of Saffarinia (2011) with 20 statements, the media literacy questionnaire by Filsafi (2014) included 22 questions as well as Lifestyle Questionnaire (QSL) Lali et al. (2012) including 70 questions. The validity of the questionnaires was reported more than 0/70 using face validity and opinions of 10 experts and the reliability coefficient using Cronbach's alpha method was optimal. In the analyzed part, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the distribution of findings and path analysis method and structural equation model were used for data analysis.  The results showed that there was a sufficient fit between the research model (RMSEA = 0/09) and also the fit indices of GFI, CFI and NFI were 0/85, 0/89 and 0/88, respectively. In addition, there was a significant and direct relationship lifestyle and social identity (t = 2/74 and R = 21), significant and direct relationship between media literacy and social identity (t = 5/22 and R = 44) and significant and direct relationship between lifestyle and media literacy (t = 5/22 and R = 44).

Cultural intelligence, as one of the most important communication skills of the 21st century in the field of sport, helps increase effective communication between athletes, coaches and sport managers, and with diverse cultural and social backgrounds to enable them to interact. Builders help promote their sporting goals. Due to the important role of this skill in the field of sport, the study is to identify the cultural intelligence outputs in Iranian sports community using meta-analysis approach among the researches. The method of the study is quantitative meta-analysis. Of the 32 valid studies (with validity and reliability), 17 documents were selected as sample size in terms of quality, validity and meta-analysis criteria. The data collected were analyzed by CMA software. According to the research findings, 11 variables were identified: Conflict resolution ability and quality of work life had the highest effect size, perceived enjoyment of the least effective physical activity and variables of effectiveness, motivation for success, leadership style, individual performance, team cohesion, ethical responsibility, job performance, and organizational intelligence. The overall effect size was (0/419). Given the importance of cultural intelligence skills in communicating effectively and enhancing the achievement of sporting success in the field of sport, the attention of cultural and sporting policymakers is essential to create, maintain and promote this in a strategic capacity.

Today, active participation of people is one of the most important ways of developing countries. The study is to identify the outcome of social participation in Iran sport for all. In this research, qualitative research method and Grounded theory were used. The statistical population of the study was consisted of managers and experts from the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Federation of Sports for all, and Faculty members. First through the initial studies, the introductory list of effective signs was identified and using a purposeful and theoretical sampling method from 36 deep and semi-structured interviews, after the interview, a theoretical observer from the 27th was obtained. The results of the coding in the open stage showed that 165 initial indications and 28 final signs determine the consequences of social participation in Iran's sport for all. Then, in the axial coding stage, the final badges were categorized in 10 concepts and 5 main categories inclusive, general management of general sport, popular sport, active lifestyle, promotion of social capital and law development.  Therefore, it is recommended to manage general development of sports in the country in order to achieve the above-mentioned consequences.

The study is to identify,rank the obstacles to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose,data collection was done in the field,in a mixed qualitative,quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part,including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation,the football delegations,the managers of the clubs,the prominent coaches of the national beach soccer teams were equal to 50 people,in the qualitative part,12 experts. Due to the limited statistical population,the statistical sample was equal to the population. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 29 obstacles to the development of beach soccer in the country. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors,its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α,0,88). The Delphi method was used to identify obstacles to the development of beach soccer,the Friedman test was used to rank the obstacles in the inferential statistics section.The findings showed that 29 obstacles were identified,prioritized in managerial,executive dimensions,areas,facilities,equipment,financial,economic,attitude, support of officials,and human,environmental,respectively. The officials of the federation should first of all remove the obstacles in the field of management,administration,then remove the obstacles of facilities,equipment in their agenda.

The study is to provide a model for analyzing the system of gymnastics development. The research was of descriptive type of correlation and applied in terms of purpose. The population of the study was consisted of all experts in gymnastics development. The statistical sample was selected by a sufficient number of available methods (201 people). The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire on output from the qualitative phase (systematic exploration). The validity of the research instrument was confirmed in three parts: content validity (n=10 by experts), reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=0/90) and construct validity (optimal fitting of modeling). Structural equation modeling with PALAS software was also used to analyze the findings. The results showed that dimensions of gymnastics functions, national sport development, international gymnastics development and gymnastics history in the country are of a significant effect on the strategic management of gymnastics and explained their variations of 0/222, 0/29, 0/20, and 0/329, respectively. Also, strategic management of gymnastics is of significant effects on gymnastics facilities, services and knowledge of gymnastics, talent management in gymnastics, management of external stakeholders, economic resources of gymnastics and human resources of gymnastics and explained 0/712, 0/653, 0/680, 0/864, 0/661 and 0/775 respectively. variables of gymnastics facilities and services, gymnastics knowledge and technology, talent management in gymnastics, management of external stakeholders, economic resources of gymnastics and human resources of gymnastics are og significant effects on gymnastic participation and events and explained its variations, respectively, 0/222, 0/222, 0/141, 0/072, 0/175 and 0/227, respectively.  Finally, the effect of the international success of gymnastics on sustainable development of gymnastics was significant. So that 0/194% of the changes explained it. It can be said that the gymnastics development system is a strategic process affected by the aforementioned factors. Ultimately it is through functional components and that's what it is which will lead to sustainable development.

The study is to identify the causal factors affecting the realization of the good governance approach in Iranian sports. This study has a qualitative approach and we used the grounded theory -Strauss and Corbin's approach (2008)-, as a research method. For gathering data, we studied high level documents and open interviews with 25 experts in the three fields of government, civil society and the private sector of the sports industry. The results of the research were reviewed by experts and its validity was confirmed. The reliability of the research was %77 which was also obtained by using the inter-rater reliability method. Data analysis was based on three open, axial and selective coding methods. The results showed that eight main factors are: "developmental governance", "efficient administrative structure", "institutional knowledge", "rule of law", "ethics", "excellence in sports institutions", "resilient economy" and "institutional interaction". They are effective in achieving good governance and developing the country's sports.

The study is to develop a canvas business model for sport club’s mascot. For this purpose and to get deep analysis, qualitative method of focus group was used.  In this regard, experts who were aware of the subject elected as statistic group. Statistic sample was included of 7 experts from Iran's mascot workgroup in Ministry of Sport and Youth which was included faculty members from sport sciences research institute of Iran and sport managers in Ministry of Sport and Youth. To develop business model canvas, 3 sessions were hold and results gotten as follow: 7 concepts were found in value proposition part. In costumer part 15 concepts (6 concepts in customer segment, 5 concepts in distribution channel, and 6 concepts in customer relationship) were found. 13 concepts were found in infrastructure management part (5 concepts in key resources, 2 concepts in key activities and 5 concepts in key partners). At last, 8 concepts were found in finance aspect (6 concepts in revenue stream, 3 concepts in cost structure).  Sport club mangers can use the research results to identify the found rising, cost parts, potential customers and costumer values of mascot. Also, understanding the communication channels and the sort of the relation can help the club to engage its fans.

The study is to examine the operating model of the mediating role of organizational agility and organizational innovation in the causal relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Iran’s Ministry of Sport and Youth. This was an applied, qualitative and correlational-survey research with the structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included 890 employees of Iran’s Ministry of Sport and Youth, out of which 268 were randomly selected as the sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The following four questionnaires were used to collect the data: Bontis’ Intellectual Capital (2000), Sharifi and Zhang’s Organizational Agility (1999), Nasution’s Organizational Innovation (2011), and Brown’s Organizational Entrepreneurship (1997). Path analysis by LISREL using the Sobel test to determine the specific indirect effects showed that organizational agility is of a significant mediating role in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship; organizational innovation has also a significant mediating role in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Iran’s Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research model explanation indicates the high importance of intellectual capital, organizational agility, innovation, and entrepreneurship. These variables can, in an organizational work environment, contribute to organizational goals and improve performance.

The study is to provide a framework for ticket sales for mega sport events in Iran. The research method was Grounded Theory, which was conducted in the form of interviews and content and structural analysis of interviews by Strauss and Corbin method. In order to gather the expert information, the Sports Federation Marketing Committee Officers, Sports Club Marketing Committee Officers, Ticketing Experts, University Professors and Experts totally 11 persons selected in a purposeful and judgmental manner as the sample and interviews continued until theoretical saturation. On the basis of the paradigm model components, 8 causal factors, 4 contextual and contextual factors, 7 intervening factors and 8 strategic factors were identified. Finally, the results showed having a ticketing framework for mega sport events will be of cross-sectional(profitability and earn money)and long-term (creating social demand and increasing the number of spectators, attracting more financial sponsors and income security) consequences. According to the research paradigm model, it can be more profitable through culture building, outsourcing, sales strategy, utilizing consulting services, pricing, human resources empowerment, making and transparency measures in the direction of providing a ticketing framework in mega sport events and in the long we will see creating social demands, event security and increasing the number of spectators.

The study is to determine the causal relationship between market orientation and customer loyalty in terms of the mediating role of service quality in Tehran's fitness clubs. The method of this research was correlation-survey and was a type of applied research that was carried out in the field. The statistical population included all the people who visited the sports clubs of Tehran. According to Morgan table and random sampling, 384 people were selected as the sample of the study. Data were collected by Alper & Associates (2006), Kuw and Kwan Quality of Service Questionnaire (2006) and Dehdashti et al. Customer Loyalty Questionnaire (2012). These questionnaires were approved in terms of formal and content validity. Using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0/83, the service quality questionnaire was 0/79 and customer loyalty was 0/88. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as table, graph, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics of slip and elongation test, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used.  The results showed that the customer orientation component had a direct and indirect relationship with customer loyalty through the quality of service intermediary variable. Also, this component was significant between the competitor's tendency toward customer loyalty directly and indirectly through the quality of service mediation variable. The component of the market environment was directly and indirectly related through the mediating variable of service quality with customer loyalty.  Based on the results of the structural equation model, the main model of the research was fitted out and service quality as an intermediary variable was able to mediate between market orientation and customer loyalty, which attracted the effects of market orientation and then transferred it to customer loyalty.

The study is to analyze the perceived fairness and justice of resource allocation to sport event tourism. The analytical research method is comparative causal. The population consisted of 306 experts, chiefs and experts of sport federations of the country. The sample was considered as total. Finally, 252 respondents answered the questionnaires. The rate of return was 82/35%. Data collection was done using Perceived Resource Fairness Questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: monetary and financial resources, sport events and camps, products, and television broadcasting. The second part was used here. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, ANCOVA and Friedman test were used. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22, LISREL 8/8 software. 51.19% of the respondents were male and 48/80% were female. The results showed that the need for greater international success, equality based on Olympic medalism, and the need for scarce resources are among the most important principles of distribution, and fairness is to be allocated to these camps and sporting events.

The study is to design a structural equation model for stress interaction and burnout on mental health considering its impact on sport and youth workers in Tehran province. The research method was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population (n=1300) included all employees of sport and youth departments of Tehran province. A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 286 people as the sample of the study. The instrument was a standard questionnaire for occupational stress, occupational burnout and mental health. Structural equations and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test the research model using SPSS19 software and Lisrel 8/8 software.  The results showed that the model in the first stage of appropriate fitness so that burnout and job stress, mental health is affected, but the moderating role of mental health in relation to stress and burnout was approved. The new model presented results that mental health is ofa mediator role in the relationship between job stress and burnout.

The research is to present a model for the effect of relationship marketing on the quality of services provided with themediational role of organizational brand in sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The research is a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study is managers of sport clubs in Kermanshah province. The statistical sample of the study was a stratified random sample of 324 people. The instruments were consisted of “relationship marketing questionnaire” Aria Modir with reliability of 0/88 and “Quality of service questionnaire” (2008) with reliability 0/75 and “Organizational brand questionnaire” Megars (2010) with reliability 0/91. Inferential statistics and structural equation modeling were used to study the effects of observed variables on the variables. The results showed that relationship marketing affects the organization brand of sports clubs (p = 0/99, p-value = 33/43). Relationship marketing also affects the quality of service (β = 0/78, p-value = 16) and organizational brand on service quality (β = 0/83, p-value = 21/44). Considering the positive effect of relationship marketing on service quality and the positive effects of relationship marketing on organizational brand and organizational brand on service quality, organizational brand variable can be considered as a partial mediator variable.  Sport club managers will use the principles of relationship marketing to satisfy their customers, their willingness to re-enter and reassure their customers and take advantage of a loyal customer for their portfolio.

The study is to investigate the effect of combined combat arts on abnormal behavioral modification and social adjustment in infants and abandoned children between the ages of 8-18 years in Tehran in order to empower them in a case study (Novabougan center, Mohammad Ali Mozaffari). The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group.  The statistical sample included children aged 8-18 years old, of which 20 were selected by available sampling method and divided into two groups: control (n=10) and experimental group (n=10). Four anger questionnaires, depression, stress anxiety, self-confidence and self-concept were presented in three stages, one month after each educational phase, to examine the different components. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and the control group in decreasing anger and aggression, depression, anxiety and stress, as well as increasing confidence of the patients. Also, the use of an interventional technique such as martial arts in children who have been exposed to social harm for various reasons can have a significant effect on the abnormal behavior of these children as well as social adjustment and empowers these children to participate actively in the community and receive their contribution to a healthy and behavioral-free life.

The major shaping and structuring of society, even in the face of rapid changes in modernity period includes marriage, family and childbearing, which are taken seriously in most countries and even a part of their development strategies and programs is concerned about family, especially childbearing. This article is to investigate and analyze the attitudes of urban and rural youth to marriage and childbearing using the survey method throughout the country. Research data were obtained through SPSS analysis and Chi-square test.  Findings showed that more than 60% of young people still believe in the need for marriage and see having two children as desirable for families. Also, if economic problems are solved, more than 60% of young people who do not even think about marriage will show their readiness to get married. According to the findings, love is the most important reason for marriage for young people, which along with having common interests has been expressed as the most important factor in a successful marriage. The results of the research indicated that from young people point of view, marriage is an important issue that should be done at the desired age and having a child is one of the factors of happiness among Iranian family.

The research is to study the relationship between social capital and social health of youth in KhorramabadCity. In this study, the theories of Keys, Durkheim and Pierre Bourdieu have been used. The statistical population was all young people aged 15 to 29 in Khorramabad city in 1398 and the sample size according to Cochran's formula was 382 people who were selected by cluster sampling method appropriate to the size of the statistical population. The method of the research was survey and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the variables of social capital, social trust and life satisfaction with the social health of young people. Also, a negative and significant relationship was observed between social alienation and youth social health. The results obtained from regression analysis showed that 42/4 %of the variance changes in social health were explained by the five variables of social capital, social trust, social alienation, life satisfaction and age.