پژوهش نامه مطالعات مرزی
پیاپی 31 (بهار 1400)

Border provinces have a very important role in the development and security of the country; So that both in the export and import sector in the border bottlenecks are very important and in defense of external threats act as a shield for the whole country. Meanwhile, rural areas as the smallest cells of the territorial space are very important in consolidating the role and nature of border provinces. Examining the development situation and identifying the development pattern among the border provinces will help the officials and statesmen to understand the main issues of the rural areas of the border provinces and take steps to improve the development indicators. Accordingly, in the present study, the spatial ranking and analysis of the border provinces of the country has been done based on 20 main indicators of rural development. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the required data has been collected from the Statistics Center. The tools and methods used for data analysis included Excel and GIS software as well as fuzzy methods and hot spot analysis. The results show that the border provinces have different status based on 20 indicators and the rural areas of Ilam (0.709534) and Hormozgan (0.132092) provinces have the first and last ranks, respectively. The results also showed that rural areas based on the indicators used, located in the northwestern provinces of the country have a better situation than villages located in the southern and southeastern provinces of the country. Finally, according to the research findings, it is suggested that spatial justice be established between rural areas of border provinces and the development of rural areas in the southern and southeastern provinces of the country, especially Sistan and Baluchestan and Baluchestan as a priority for the development of provinces. The border of the country.

Babolsar is one of those cities that second homes have considerably occupied its area. Despite positive economic effects, the second homes expose many negative impressions on host society such as social harms. New social harms like cohabitation and informal marriage, theft, rent seeking activity and land grabbing, violence and mugging have been formed in Babolsar. Therefore, the aim of the study in to investigate various social harms (theft, addiction, spouse abuse, run away, cohabitation and informal marriage, prostitution, rent seeking activity and land grabbing, gambling, mugging, violence, divorce, homelessness, suicide and self-immolation, child abuse, demolishing public and private properties) in Babolsar border city and questionnaire was used to do so. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research and practical from aim viewpoint. Documentary and field researches were used to gather data. Statistical society is all Babolsar residents and volume of sample was 382 people through cochran formula. T test and Friedmann test were used to investigate and assess the social harms and to prioritize, respectively. T test results indicated that the social harms such as theft with mean 4.29, mugging with 3.93, violence with 3.68, cohabitation and informal marriage with 3.77, rent seeking activity and land grabbing with 3.38 had the highest ranks and run away with mean 2.43, unemployment with 2.48, addiction with 2.51 and homelessness with 2.54 had the lowest ranks in Babolsar. Based on Friedmann test, theft, mugging, violence, cohabitation and informal marriage, and rent seeking activity and land grabbing are ranked from the first to the fourth priority. Therefore, it is proposed to first provide a comprehensive pattern of distribution for the second homes in Babolsar; then judiciary- disciplinary organizations must apply more control and surveillance to prevent emergence of identified social harm.

Due to the importance of border areas in national security and the impact of weather conditions on success, failure and efficiency of military activities in borders, military (defense) climate comfort assessment for military purposes in the Iranian border areas are essential to outline the defense climate conditions and establish contingency plans for the weather condition. So the aim of this study is to spatiotemporally assess the military weather condition in the West Azerbaijan province with the special focus on its international borders in order to outline the defense climate comfort. The historical (30 years) data on important elements for military operations for the 9 selected synoptic stations was obtained and then analyzed using the adaptive defense climate index (DCI).Then, the temporal (monthly) desirability of defense climate were determined quantitatively, qualitatively and spatially and finally the military climate comfort maps for the whole province and particularly for the border areas were extracted and analyzed. The results indicated that among the studied synoptic stations, the unfavorable (28.8 %) and very unfavorable (2.8 %) categories are the most and least frequent DCI’ descriptive categories respectively. The results showed that November, October, March, February, January and December provided the most comfortable climate for military activities, but August, July and June have the lowest values of DCI. Analyzing the spatiotemporal destitution of the assumptive border military bases within DCI’ categories showed that they located mostly in the acceptable (27.17%), unfavorable (25.17 %), good (20.82 %) and marginal (18.21 %) categories. Also the studied international border line experienced very unfavorable defense climate comfort in June and August but had proper defense climate comfort in October, November and December.The good, acceptable, marginal and unfavorable descriptive categories of DCI were common among all stations, but the very unfavorable descriptive category was observed only in Salmas and Maku stations.

Environmental dimension is one of the most basic dimensions of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to identify the indicators of sustainable development and examine their internal and interrelationships on sustainable urban development in the border region of Sistan in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present study is of applied type and in terms of descriptive-analytical research method. The statistical population of the group of experts and the sample size were selected by a purposeful method of 20 people. The data analysis method is structural equation modeling and Emos software. The results of this method indicate that the amount of beta in the path of water on the environment with a coefficient of / 780, soil on the environment with a coefficient of / 770 and air on the environment with a coefficient of / 710 and finally natural resources on the environment with a coefficient of / 580 0 and the environmental variable has an impact on sustainable development with a coefficient of / 840. According to the statistics obtained from Table 6, it can be said that among the variables affecting the water environment, then soil and air and then natural resources have the most effect. Finally, the intensity of the environment equal to / 840 has an effect on sustainable development in the border city of Zahedan. In other words, if the exogenous variable (independent) of the environmental components of a unit changes, sustainable development will change / 840 / unit in the same (positive) direction.

Crime spaces are referred to as defenseless urban spaces that have more potential for crime than other urban spaces. In low-income neighborhoods, due to the special physical structure, many defenseless urban spaces are formed, and because control and supervision in these spaces are lower, they become crime-prone places and face a great challenge to neighborhood security. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between defenseless spaces in increasing urban crime.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection was done in the form of documents (police report) and field (260 questionnaires using Cochran) on site. Correlation analysis has been used for analysis.

Studies in the field of studies show that there is a direct and significant relationship between the factors that shape urban defenseless spaces in low-income settlements and the amount of crime, so that the solitude factor with a correlation coefficient of 0.613, the presence of social anomalies (addiction , Poverty, ..) with a correlation coefficient of 0.595 and visual turbulence and urban appearance (ruined and half-finished buildings with a correlation coefficient of 0.571 have the highest correlation coefficient among the factors that form defenseless urban spaces in crime.

In low-income urban areas, the number of urban defense points and spaces is higher and there is a direct relationship between urban defenseless spaces and the rate of urban crime. The most important features of crime hotspots or defenseless spaces in these neighborhoods are ruined and half-finished houses, secluded space, narrow alleys, unseen space, so to reduce crime in these neighborhoods, turn a defenseless space into a defensible space with design principles. A crime environment is recommended.

The present study intends to investigate the role of small-scale border industries in entering regional markets. In other words, the aim of the present study is to first identify the effective export variables to enter regional markets and finally to examine the impact of these variables. This research is of exploratory type and in terms of descriptive-survey work. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaires is above 7. Content validity was used to test the validity of the questions. For this purpose, the opinions of experts, university professors and experts were used. , Confirmed. The statistical population in this study were producers and exporters of small and medium enterprises, of which 470 people were selected as a simple random sample. Exploratory factor analysis test was used to analyze the data. Exploratory factor analysis Finally, seven factors: product development, government support, strategic orientation, customer satisfaction, competitive pressure, organizational ability, distribution strategies have been identified as influential factors to enter regional markets.The results of factor analysis show that. The obtained 6 factors can explain about 63.81% of the variance of all indicators, which is an acceptable value.The product development factor with the extracted variance percentage of 16.38% was the most important factor and the government support factor was 11.96% Explains the total variance.

the sense of security has a very important role in the mental health and dynamics of human societies , and therefore governments and governments are trying to improve the beds of peace and strengthening of the feeling of security among its citizens. different environmental ,economic ,social and political factors contribute to the sense of safety of citizens . this study tries to investigate. on this basis ,by referring to the literature and social and environmental security theories ,seven indicators were selected and distributed in the form of questionnaire between 365 women in the city of Nehbandan. finally , the data from the survey were. the findings show that the city 's physical space variables 0/80, social interaction 0/61, women employment 0/40 and ethnic - religious conflict 0/39 have the greatest impact on women 's security . there is. in the end we can say that the results of research in theoretical connection with the perspectives and theories suggest a rational link between the theoretical level of the research and its empirical level.