نشریه پژوهش های علوم کشاورزی پایدار
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1400)

Evaluation of seed germination characteristics is one of the basic and preliminary studies of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of culture medium and organic matter on improving the germination characteristics of lemongrass seeds as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in Jahrom city. The first factor is the culture medium at three levels (compost, soil and vermicompost, compost + vermicompost and vermicompost + soil at equal ratios) and the second factor was organic matter at three levels (control, effective microorganisms (EM) and humic acid 5mlL-1). Germination percentage, rate and mean daily germination, plant vigor and germination index were measured. The results showed that the effect of culture medium, organic matter and the interaction of culture medium and organic matter on all germination characteristics of lemongrass seeds was significant. Highest germination percentage, germination rate, mean daily germination, vigor index and seed germination index were obtained by using EM. The culture medium containing soil + compost and soil + vermicompost alone had the highest germination traits. The interaction of culture medium and organic matter showed that the highest seed germination percentage of 100% was obtained in soil culture medium + compost using EM. The highest germination rate as well as the highest germination index were observed in soil culture medium containing compost + vermicompost using EM. In order to increase germination and improve the seedling quality of lemongrass, the use of EM and the combination of soil + compost for culture medium is recommended.

Tomatoes have many varieties that differ in traits of plant growth, quality and shape of the fruit and other traits. In order to investigate the morphological variation of some tomato cultivars in Khash region, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and ten cultivars including Orabana, Red Claude, Red Top, Red Jerez, Western Red, Sunsild, Rio Grande, Delba F1, Tivi F1 and blankets Pride. At the end of the experiment traits such as number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, final yield, biomass, harvest index, fruit juice volume, fruit dry weight, total soluble solids, acidity and vitamin C were evaluated as agronomic traits. Were affected. At the end of the experiment, after multiple analyzes, it was found that Tivi F1 and Delba F1 hybrids and Orabana had the highest yield and were suitable for cultivation in Khash region. Also, cluster analysis showed that among the 10 varieties of 3 varieties in group A, 5 varieties in group B and 2 in group C were placed. This grouping showed that genetic diversity followed a significant pattern, because cultivars with better and more closely related conditions under conditions were similar in the same groups. Based on stepwise regression results, the number of fruits per plant justified 63.09% of the fruit yield per plant changes. After fruit number per plant, average fruit weight and number of days to flowering had the greatest effect on fruit yield per plant.

This study، in order to provide a suitable tillage method, more accurately estimate the water consumption of this crop per hectare, provide methods of water use efficiency with two types of ordinary water and magnetic. A split factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Jiroft city. The main treatment consisted of tillage method (Cyclotiller, Rotivator) and sub-treatments including two types of irrigation water (normal and magnetic) and two irrigation methods (Leakage, Linear drips) were selected. An innovative solar magnetic water device was used to irrigate the design. The effect of magnetic water on the type of irrigation showed very good and significant results at the level of 5%. The results showed that irrigation with magnetic water had a stimulating effect on the initial growth parameters of the plant, the coefficient of germination rate and germination percentage increased by 10 and 21%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The highest 1000-seed weight with an average of 329.833 g was related to drip irrigation and the lowest value was related to leak irrigation treatment with an average of 327 g. Also, the use of cyclotiller and magnetic water in drip irrigation had a 22% increase in yield compared to the control treatment, so that the highest yield with 8800 kg/ha was related to tillage with cyclotiller and irrigation with magnetic water in drip irrigation system, Compared to other treatments.

In order to evaluation of two types of planter for mechanized rapeseed sowing, an experiment was conducted in Agriculture Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch. A strip plot in the form of randomized complete blocks design was applied with three replications. Main Plots were including planter types: a1; precision pneumatic Planter (mod. V5 Gaspardo - Italy), a2; grain driller (made by Barzegar Hamedan). Subplots were two levels of forward speed including: b1; 4 Km/hr and b2; 6 Km/hr. Rate of damaged seed in seed metering device, uniformity of planting depth, uniformity of seed distance on row, seed emergence were measured for each machine. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two planter in the four parameters studied in this design at the level of 5% probability. Precision pneumatic Planter mod. V5 Gaspardo with the lowest rate of seed damage about 3.83% and uniformity of planting depth, uniformity of seed distance on row and seed emergence rate index with 89.76, 85.3 and 87.8% respectively had better performance compared to the grain driller made by Barzegar Hamedan with 4.2% damaged seed rate and uniformity of planting depth, uniformity of seed distance on row and seed emergence rate index with 78.36, 46 and 63.6% respectively. Increasing the forward speed rate had no significant effect on the rate of damaged seed, uniformity of planting depth, uniformity of seed distance on row, but seed emergence significantly decreased with increasing forward speed in the grain driller made by Barzegar Hamedan.

Biodiesl is a renewable fuel that can be used alone or combined with diesel fuel in diesel engines. In this research biodiesel was synthesized using Persian lilac oil seeds. Biodiesel was purified by washing it with water and some of its physical properties was measured. Then it was mixed at 10, 20 and 30% proportion with regular diesel fuel and was tested in a four-cylinder diesel engine. The exhaust pollutants including CO, CO2, unburned carbohydrates (HC), NOx and the temperature of the exhaust gases were determined at three engine loadings of 200, 250, and 300 N.m and at six engine speeds ranging from 1300 to 1800 rpm. The measured pollutants were compared with those obtained from a regular diesel fuel. The results indicate that with increase in the percentage of biodiesel the emission of CO and HC and the temperature of the exhaust gases decreased but the CO2 and NOx emissions increased. By increasing the speed of the engine the emission of CO, CO2, HC and the temperature of the exhaust gases increased but the amount of NOx deceased.  Increase in the engine loading caused a decrease in NOx emission but other measured pollutant and the temperature of the exhaust gases increased.

In this study, the effect of adding ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (500 ppm and 1000 ppm) and storage time (1, 7, 14, and 21 days) on the physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of yogurt was investigated. The results showed that the amount of ginger essential oil had a significant effect on acidity, synersis and the total population of mold and yeast (p < 0.05). As the amount of ginger essential oil increased, the synersis and the amount of mold and yeast decreased significantly, but the amount of ginger essential oil did not have a significant effect on the dry matter (p < 0.05). Storage time also had a significant effect on all measurement factors except acidity (p < 0.05). Over time, the amount of synersis and mold and yeast population in the control sample and treatment containing 500 ppm of essential oil increased and the pH decreased, but in the sample of yogurt containing 1000 ppm of ginger essential oil, no mold and yeast was observed until the last day of storage also pH remained constant during storage. The results of statistical analysis of sensory evaluation of yogurt samples also showed that with increasing the amount of ginger essential oil, the tissue score did not change significantly, but with increasing the amount of essential oil, the flavor and overall acceptance index increased (p < 0.05).The results show that adding ginger essential oil increases the shelf life of yogurt and improves yogurt sensory properties.

Biodiversity weeds marginal lands as a contributing factor in the distribution and spatial distribution of pests and also can be used as trap plants or habitat for beneficial insects and original product to protect against pests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodiversity changes of weeds in the margins of the wheat crop system that were affected by the use of herbicides. So this experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was performed College of Agriculture Branch. Treatments include: Axial 450 ml per hectare, Axial + Logar Extra respectively 450 ml and 200 grams per hectare, Axial 650 ml per hectare, Axial + Logar Extra respectively 650 ml and 200 grams per hectare, Thread + Granstar respectively 1 liter and 25 grams per hectare, Axial + Granstar at 450 ml and 25 g / ha, respectively Axial + Granstar respectively 450 ml and 25 g per hectare, Treatments with the weeding and weed control. The results showed that, Marginal biodiversity with the lowest density and dry weight of one-year yellow alfalfa (Melilotus officinalis L) weed in treatment with application of herbicides Axial 450 ml + Logran Extra 200 g / ha and the lowest Density and dry weight of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L) in the treatment with application of herbicides Axial 650 ml + Logran Extra 200 g / ha and the lowest density and dry weight of wild oat weed (Avena ludoviciana L) in Treatment with herbicides Axial 650 ml + Logran Extra 200 g / ha was observed. Therefore, by using and increasing the effectiveness of herbicides Axial + Logran Extra, it reduced the biodiversity of weeds in the margins of the herd system compared to other herbicides. The highest value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index based on weed density (in 0.25 m2) was observed in weeding treatment with 0.643 and the lowest in Axial treatment of 650+ Logran 200 with 0.397. Therefore, due to the decrease in Shannon-Wiener diversity index and weed density and dry weight, we will have special concerns in reducing plant biodiversity along the ecosystem of irrigated systems due to the use of chemical herbicides.