نشریه مطالعات کتابداری و سازماندهی اطلاعات
سال سی و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 126، تابستان 1400)

This study examines one of the factors leading to the transformation of public libraries into a social center. It explores how public libraries could become a place for frequent and daily visit for citizens to interact, receive information, and develop knowledge.

The literature of social functions of public libraries and the literature of Public Sphere as proposed by Jürgen Habermas was reviewed. To ensure thoroughness of the review, citation chain technique was used, i.e. each relevant items retrieved was also checked for its citations. If the cited item was not found in databases, it was searched by title and the author name.

Public Sphere perspective in libraries can be realized in a way that legitimizes social issues and affairs. A public sphere framework can  demonstrate their values and socio-political status. They can offer three areas of discourse, namely, governance and management, legitimation, and commons in the public sphere, as such to establish a two-way communication between the library and the community. The public sphere perspective in libraries can focus on how to manage and establish the legitimacy of public libraries through socially equitable means. A public sphere framework may provide an effective way to express the political and social value of public libraries. Public libraries can offer three areas of public discourse. The three areas connect the library to their community.  Review showed that research in the area could be divided into two thematic categories. The first one examine how libraries function as public sphere infrastructure, the other one examines public libraries. If we expect the library to continue to maintain an actual community, and to attract the community in the time of pervasiveness of social media, it must develop the ability to penetrate the heart of people's lives. As a necessary component for their survival.

Before public libraries become part of the public sphere, research should be conducted to develop a single model.  An operational model is needed then for navigating to proceed. To turn the library to a place for daily use and a place for citizens to meet each other and communicate.

One of the problems of ontology  used with the aim of meaningful retrieval in the web and information systems is lack of attention to the processes of meaning formation in the human mind. Ontology has a reference structure. It tries to retrieve the meaning only by establishing relations among concepts. However, ontology does not pay attention to the issue of cognition and processes such as interpretation and formation of concepts in mind. The purpose of this study is to focus on the interpretation component of Peirce’s sign model to identify the components affecting the interpretation of various people from the Shiate Ashura event as an object of Peirce’s sign model for use in ontologies..

This qualitative research has two steps. In the first step, the Instagram’s personal pages of five groups of people (people whose pages had high number of followers and visitors, praisers, creators of Ashura work, ordinary people and people who have a different view of Ashura) were chosen identified and e analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. In the second step, 10 creators of Ashura works in painting, literature, calligraphy, film and caricature were selected. Their lived experiencs relted to creating works were collected and analyzed using the phenomenological method and semi-structured interview tool.

29 main categories and 292 sub-categories were identified and extracted from the qualitative content analysis of 6339 comments of Instagram pages in the first step, and 8 main categories and 47 sub-categories from the analysis of interviews of Ashura creators in the second step.

Individuals interpretations of an event (object), the formation of concept and mental patterns depend on three worlds (personal world, social world, and technology world) shape their experiences and mental preconceptions as well as the context in which the individual is located. The concept is context-oriented, and the interpretation does not depend on the individual interpreter alone, but also on the social context. Personal preferences is not the only way to interpret the signs. It is not the main determining factor in  forming semantic systems such as ontologies. The context, social rules as well as habits limit the interpretation. Accordingly, the use of reference systems and rules of logic,  and the use of artificial intelligence and computer science tools alone cannot help to represent meaning in the ontology. Rather, individual characteristics, contexts, mental presuppositions, and components existing in personal, society, and technology worlds affect the shaping of concepts and constructing meaning and paying attention to them in ontology. It is especially essential in the a multifaceted  context oriented like Ashura.

To design a semantic network for Qajarid government documents through categorization and establishing thesaurus relations

The present research is applied in terms of purpose.  Quantitative, qualitative, and exploratory content analysis method are employed. Maxqda software was used to conceptualize the network and to understand systematic and hierarchical relationship among concepts. By analyzing most frequently used concepts in documents, a semantic network was drawn by coding. SPSS and Excel software are used in the quantitative part.

In determining the main concepts of documents, we found that with 6920 sub-categories, the highest frequency belongs to titles and positions of people. Considering its importance in the bureaucratic structure of the time. Due to the importance of this concept in the bureaucratic structure, semantic network resulted  was drawn using thesaurus architecture (hierarchical, equivalence, dependent). Such semantic networks are based on all main and sub-categories extracted from the concept of titles and positions. Main categories include financial, military, royal court, administrative, religious and judicial titles and positions. Financial positions with (34%) found to be the most frequent. One. Financial positions of Mostofi, Mostofia-ol-Mamalek were most frequently used sub-categories

The semantic network drawn is one method of information retrieval that uses semantic knowledge to determine thematic areas for analysis and conceptualization information needs of researchers. This conceptual map helps developing a more precise and efficient ontology for organization archival records. In the present study we attempted to adopt new strategies for enclosing and mastering the conceptual vocabulary of Qajarid documents and constructing patterns in the field of semantic relations in an understandable way for computers and retrieval systems so that both indexers and searchers (subject matter specialists and terminologists) can make good use of the breadth and context of the connection among concepts and ideas associated with them.

The present study aimed to identify factors impact on self-efficacy and determine the relationships among such factors; also, to provide solutions and offer suggestions to boost self-efficacy among NLAI research staff.

Grounded Theory method is employed in this study. Research staff members were invited to participate in the study based of their first-hand knowledge, experience or views. Open-ended and semi-structured interviews were carried out until saturation. A total of 26 interviews were conducted. Interview data was analysed in three stages, including open, axial, and selective coding. In open coding stage, meaningful concepts were extracted from the texts of the interviews and formulated as the components of research self-efficacy. In the axial coding stage, the components obtained from the previous stage were analysed and classified into the main categories of the central category, namely contextual conditions, interveners, causal conditions, strategies and consequences. In the selective coding stage, the relationships between main categories and the central category of the theoretical model were developed. Four criteria of credibility (accuracy of descriptions and findings by reviewing the texts of interviews and removing ambiguities from the interviewees), transferability (degree of generalizability of the results to other contexts and environments considering the in-depth description of the results), dependability (through accurate and documented recording of research information and process), and confirmability (avoidance of biases).

A total of 80 factors were identified in relation to the central category of "research self-efficacy". They were classified into 5 categories, namely, contextual conditions, causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences, including 3, 16, 21, 23, and 17 concepts, respectively. Highest frequency belonged to "psychological characteristics", "centrality of research in the organization", "management and planning in the organization", "material and spiritual support", and "organization progress" from contextual conditions, causal conditions, interveners, strategies, and consequences, respectively.

In general, components of research self-efficacy in the organization are related to individual, organizational and extra-organizational factors. Improving and attending to each of these components will lead to the growth and improvement of research self-efficacy in the organization, which ultimately results in the promotion of the research position of the organization. Findings showed that interviewees acknowledged the importance and role of research in promoting the position of the organization as well as the role of faculty members and researchers in strengthening the authority of the organization and found it necessary for the organization to support the research categories, including "research self-efficacy".

The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the new undergraduatecurriculum of Knowledge and Information Science (KIS) in Iran to determine the rate of content changes, consistency, and advantages and disadvantages.

Content and documentary analysis methods are used. The content of the curriculum approved in 2015 and previous LIS curricula are compared. A purposeful selected sample of 71 articles related to the education and curriculum development for KIS are analyzed.

The structure of the new curriculum is based on library science. The required courses consist of the 6 groups: 1) bibliography, 2) collection development, 3) information organization, 4) service delivery, 5) library building design and architecture, and 6) management basics. Due to the dispersion of courses we noticed, the program does not cover various aspects of library science. The wide spectrum of topics needed in current library education should be added to the developing curriculum and syllabuses in the areas of collection development and content production, organization of information and knowledge, service delivery, management, access and dissemination, and marketing of products and services. The output of such a curriculum is will not be an information scientist, but a librarian who is familiar with information technologies. The content shows that the new curriculum has a hybrid approach orientation, that is, a technological - market friendly - pragmatic approach based on library science. As to the rate of change, the new curriculum compared to previous ones, contains 80 credits of the undergraduate curriculum which was taught at the University of Tehran in 1970s, merged into 45 credits in the 2015 program. Also, compared to the 1996 curriculum, 27 new courses follow the same format. The 80 credits of specialized courses of 1996 curriculum are grouped into 57 credits in the 2015 curriculum. This has caused discrepancy between the title of the discipline (Knowledge and Information Science) and the content of the curriculum.

Reconstruction of the new curriculum is necessary. It is necessary to create a mechanism to ensure the quality of the curriculum as information ecosystem is changing. On the one hand, traditional library environment and its practices, such as cataloging and classification, face serious challenges. On the other hand, the Web has become the new library. Webology is the new specialization. This new environment requires a range of activities and services that calls for new knowledge and skills. We suggest that Iranian Library and Information Science Association (ILISA) reviews the curriculum.

Linked data as a component of the Semantic Web is defined as the best way to publish and link structured data on the web environment. Linked data creates integrated data as new data in that environment. Despite the efforts to create linked data in recent years, it can be said that it is expanding significantly. However, implementing it requires the use of new technologies in semantic web. This study aims to review the studies in this area in order to identify issues received more attention from the research community, as well as the benefits gained and challenges faced in implementation.

Our search on the WOS revealed that 20 journals contain highest number of research in field of linked data with regard to library and information science. Out of 22966 articles identified, 20 were selected and reviewed using the standard Prisma guide,. This standard is designed for reporting Systematic Reviews. The research tool was a checklist based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that semantic web, linked open data, ontology, interoperability, similarity, natural language processing, metadata, digital libraries are topics covered in the reviewed articles most. Technical benefits and challenges (related to linked data sets, linked data tools and methods, related to technological and ontological issues), financial and human benefits and challenges were examined. The benefits and challenges are both assigned to the technical category and the sub-category "benefits related to linked data sets" and "challenges related to linked data sets" with 35 percent. Discover the benefits of expanding entities by examining the types of links in linked data, create appropriate links data with data from other online services, improvement in open data discovery, and increase the visibility of linked data with data from other online services are among the benefits associated with linked datasets. Over diversity of interdisciplinary data, the complexity of accessible vocabulary, and the problems associated with cataloging resources are among the challenges associated with linked datasets. Methods and tools used most to use linked data are SKOS or "Simple Knowledge Organization System", DBPedia ontology, Bibliographic ontology (Bibo) and FOAF with frequencies of 7, 7, 5 and 4 respectively. Solutions and suggestions are presented in relation to implementation of linked data.

For successful implementation and application of linked data in libraries, information centers, and projects different methods and tools are used. Despite facing challenges, this has made organizing, searching, and retrieving information easier and beneficial outcomes.