فهرست مطالب

تاریخ اندیش - پیاپی 9 (بهار 1400)

نشریه تاریخ اندیش
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1400)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/05/14
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Zahra Hajiesmaeili Page 9

    By studying the religious and historical texts of the pre-Islamic Iran, the circumstances of penalizing criminal women will be rather clear, but in sources, a little information is found about imprisoning criminal women. The paper is going to answer the question that whether prison was known as a penalty for women in the pre-Islamic Iran and what was the foundation and base of women penalty? The research findings show that women gender played a decisive role in the circumstances of their penalty, the imprisonment of women was only done by the dignitaries of the families and prison as a penalty for woman was not common in the pre- Islamic Iran.

    Keywords: woman, penalty, prison, jurisprudence (fiq), pre- Islamic Iran
  • Dr.Nasrolah Poormohmmadi Amlashi, Dr.Boroomand Sooreni Page 27

    The Safavid kings migrated Kurdish tribes from the west and northwest to Khorasan for a variety of purposes, including countering Uzbek attacks and internal insurgency and protecting Khorasan’s trade routes. With the fall of Safavid rule and the emergence of the Afsharid rule, the Kurdish leaders and elites of Khorasan became more and more active in the political and military equations of this period. Due to their large population, experience and military and war capabilities, they received rare attention and thus became a reliable weight in determining the equations of this period and maintained this importance and ability until the end of the Afsharid rule. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of the Kurdish elites and tribes of Khorasan in the events of the Afsharid period. Relying on reliable sources and researches, it is certain that the Kurds of Khorasan, after several centuries of military and political experiences in the field of internal and external developments, have shown a remarkable performance in the ups and downs of the political and military arena of this period.

    Keywords: Afsharid, Nader Shah, Kurds of Khorasan, chemashgazak, zaaferanlo
  • Dr.Mohammad Gholi Majd Translator: Mohammad Karimi. Page 43

    Iran suffered three catastrophic famines in the seventy-five-year span of 1869 to 1944. The population in 1945 was unchanged from that of 1840, a classic case of a Malthusian catastrophe. This article aims to assess the impact of the famines on Iran’s population level. It is first shown that the human losses in the Great Famine of 1869- 1873 have been vastly understated in much of the literature. Two-thirds of the population was lost. Barely had Iran recovered its 1869 population when the Great Famine of 1917-1919 in World War I had carried off nearly half of the population. Finally, World War II and the resulting 1942-1944 famine and typhus epidemic had claimed a quarter of the population and again restored the 1840 population level. Only after 1945 was Iran able to shake off the Malthusian trap into which it had fallen for more than a century.

    Keywords: famines, starvation, disease, population loss, Malthusian Catastrophe
  • Dr .Hossein Ali Beigi Page 65

    The cannonade of the National council assembly 1326( AH )provoked the reaction of various social groups ,so that the constitutionalists of Tabriz ,led by Sattar Khan and Baqer Khan, stood up against the central government and sought to restore the lost constitution. These movements provided an excuse for Mohammad Ali Shah to send two of his most experienced statesmen - Ain al-Dawlah and Mohammad-Vali Khan - to suppress them. This research has been formed with a descriptive-analytical approach while analyzing and examining the conflicts between the parties, seeking to answer the question of what was the position of Mohammad-Vali Khan Sepahdar Tonekaboni in relation to the events in Azerbaijan and confronting the onstitutionalists?

    Keywords: Qajar, constitutionalism, minor tyranny, Mohammad-Vali Khan SepahdarTonekaboni, Azerbaijan
  • Dr.Siavash Doroodian Page 79

    Nasir al-Din shah’s murder caused big change in the Iran society. Although the matter is a subject to make much art works, but not in Iran. The only picture that was drawn from the event belongs to a French artist on the cover of the small Parisian newspaper. Having surveyed the parts of the picture, the location of the event from the viewpoint of the artist and its difference with reality is surveyed and also the attitude of the artist to whole of the event is clarified, by comparing of the murderer in the painting and the pictures that the artist has in his mind about Iran of that time. Having surveyed the picture, it becomes cleared that the artist painted the location of the event in the Gulistan palace and not in the Shan Abd al- Azim shrine, but only the framework of the picture is similar to the real form of the palace. In addition, by comparing the picture of the murderer to the appearance, face and clothes of the dervishes of that era, there is no doubt that the painter depicted Mirza Riza Kirmani as a dervish from the poorest people of the society, but not as a trader. With regard to the age that the picture was drawn (the third republic) and the newspaper (a leftist newspaper) that published the picture, it seems that the painter depicted the picture by a type of intimacy to show that the values of the French revolution appeared in other parts of the world and the dervishes of the society punished the shahs in the front of their severely humiliated palaces.

    Keywords: Nasir al-Din shah, the small Parisian newspaper, Gulistan palace, MirzaRiza Kirmani, the Qajar dervishes
  • Mohammad Marivani, sajjad Rahmani Falah Page 93

    Gholam-Ali Bayandor ; from the tribe of Garrous Bayandor , was born in 1277 shamsi. He joined the army with the rank of second lieutenant and he tookpart in different military operations and he got a badge of courage several time.In 1310 shamsi , he became the commander of the south nany , so he stated to organizing the novel navy of country.In this position , in addition to the development of the navy , he did many innovative measures in confrontation with the British . he could to put under press the British officeials and even their related companies , so that his actions be caused of the British multiple protests and leading to some disputes among these two countres. Bayandor in 1319 shamsi promotion to degree of seamanship and finaly. He was martyred in Khorramshahr in 1319 shamsi promotion to degree of seamanship and finaly. He was martyred in Khorramshahr with the resist in confrontation with the British on sharivar 3rd , 1320 shamsi. This essay or article tries , in addition to revision of admiral Bayandor’s function in frontation with the British has a look at his actions about development of Iran’s navy in Persian Gulf.All so it has quick look at his political life and military life from his birth until the commander of the south navy .

    Keywords: Gholam-Ali Bayandor, England, navy, Persian Gulf, Basaidu
  • Dr.jan vansina Page 109

    When I outline how I would set about describing the special nature of oral tradition as a historical source, the task assigned to this chapter was that of defining oral tradition and of examining the feature which this definition specifies as characteristic., namely, transmission by word of mouth—the natural consequence of which is that a tradition is a chain of testimonies. Then three problems are dealt with in greater detail in the sections which follow. These are: the relation between each testimony and the tradition as a whole, the methods of transmission, and finally the kind of distortions that may arise in the course of transmission.

    Keywords: oral history, verbal testimony, chain of transmission, recitalof traditions
  • Dr. Seyed Hosein Raees al Sadat, Dr. Abbas Rakhshani Page 133

    Razes has a special status in the traditional medicine of Iran. He had proper ideas and specific method on the treatment of nose and throat disease. His thoughts has been scattered between Asians, Africans, and European physicians, as well as most of the humans, suffered from such disease through their life. Survey on Texts of Iranian physicians divided into three parts of Diagnosis, Classification, and treatment. Some Texts of Razes such as al. havi and al. mansuri fe teb were written based on Teaching, diagnosis, and cure of the throat and nose diseases which were effective on medical science in Iran. This survey tries to characterize Razes’ roles and his innovation on the other physicians during the 3rd to 7th AH. Razes was the first physician who mentioned ethmoid bone which separates the nasal cavity from the brain. He was a Pioneer rather than to physicians of the next period and his works were remarkable. The method of this survey is deceptive and comparative and analyzes the charts data.

    Keywords: Islamic medicine, Iranian medicine, Razes, Medical texts, al. havi, bar.al.sae, nose, throat
  • Dr.Ivan Szanto Translator: Mohaddeseh Hashemilar Page 155

    Abbas Mirza’s efforts to organize the army led him to record military –style paintings, like the West military reports. Military-themed paintings already existed in various historical periods, such as the Safavid era. The important point in these paintings is the obvious difference in terms of the military aspect. It seems, among the painters of Abbas Mirza’s court, there is only about Allah-Verdi Afshar historical information on hand. He belonged to an artistic family from the Afshar tribe of Urmia. This article introduces a number of the painter’s works, which are preserved abroad including a damaged painting that has remained unknown for more than a hundred years. And also it intends to show that the political and diplomatic concepts of these works are more apparent than their artistic characteristic.

    Keywords: Allah-Wirdi Afsar, Abbas Mirza, Qajar, Painter