فصلنامه یافته
سال ششم شماره 21 (پیاپی 16، تابستان 1383)

Alkaloids are a group of nitrogen- containing natural compounds derived from a variety of sources including bacteria, fungi, marine organisms and plants. Fruits, stem or leaves were collected from the Zagros highlands around Azna or Khoramabad city, dried and powdered before being extracted in a soxhalet apparatus. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. After a series of extraction process, the materials were filtered the solvent was evaporated in order to reconstitute the extract in sterile normal saline. Antibacterial assays were performed using six standard (from ATCC) gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) and Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were examined by broth microdilution technique (1). The bacteria were cultured in Muller Hinton broth or agar (Merk, Germany) and growth (turbidity) or lack of growth was recorded. The experiments were repeated three times and means of values were reported. The results were compared with control antibiotics. Alkaloid steroid extracted from sacchrarum officinarum showed significant activity against Entrococci fecalis and B. cerus (MIC = 40 and MBC = 600 µg/ml). Olenanthe fistulosa had moderate activity against E coli, E. fecalis, B. cerus and s. epidermidis (MIC and MBC = 600µg/ml). Physalis alkekengi was active only on a few bacteria including B. cerus and E. coli. No were effective against Staph aureous and P. aeroginosa. It is feasible to study in vitro effects of steroid alkaloid extracts from some of the plants on animal trial.

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a wide range of digestive diseases and is very prevalent in developing countries, although few data exist on the susceptibility of helicobacter pylori to antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility patterns in helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Kermanshah to twelve antimicrobial agents. 72 helicobacter pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of patients refered to Imam khomini Hospital in Kermanshah. MIC and susceptibility of these strains to Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Furazolidone, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Metronidazole, Penicillin, Rifampin and Tetracycline was determined by using agar dilution method. Resistance rates were Amoxicilin 14%, Ciprofloxacin 42%, Clarithromycin 8%, Erythromycin 21%, Furazolodone 26%, Gentamicin 35%, Nalidoxin acid 26%, Nitrofurantion 34%, Metronidazole 29%, Penicilin 26% and Rifampin 36% respectively. Cut off concentration for resistance and MICs are on full text. The percentage of resistant strains in Kermanshah was similar to that observed in developing countries. The results indicate that an antibiotic should not be used as the only agents in treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. The prevalence of resistance in helicobacter pylori was high in regard to Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, Nalidixic acid and Tetracycline (34%-42%) whereas. For Furazolidone, Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin, Penicillin and Rifampin were moderate (21%-29%) and, for Clarithromycin and Erythromycin were low (8%-10%).

Atopic dermatitis is a hereditary, chronic and recurrent disease (in 5%-10% of children).Topical corton is prescribed for this lesion as a routine cure. Studies show that patients with atopic dermatitis suffer from Essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency. Borage tea is one of the sources enriched of EFA, it is a self – growing plant which is found abundantly in Iran. This clinical trial study was carried out in order to compare the effect of topical corton and Borage tea on healing and recurrence of atopic dermatitis on infants patient referred to dermatology clinics of Khorramabad city in spring and summer 2003. This research is clinical experiment that two groups of 25 patients with atopic dermatitis between age 0-12 were selected randomly. After clinical examination and interview, the data recorded in a questionnaire, and then, corton and Borage juice prescribed for the patients in the form of every other one using blind method (7 days TDS). The cases were examined after 10 days. Both groups were examined for the third time twenty days after the beginning of treatment (10 days after cutting application of the medicine and borage tea) and then amount of healing, effectiveness and recurrent of disease were studied. The rate of lesions healing, in response to application of topical Borage tea 27% was well, 4% moderate and 24% was poor, but in response to topical corton, it 24% was well,12% moderate and 64% was poor. Statistical X2 test with score 11.5 and (pv<0.003) showed difference significant between these 2 groups. Also, the lesions recurred in no body 10 days after discontinuation of borage tea application, while after using topical corton, disease recurrence rate was 64% moderate and 36% poor Exact fissure test (pv<0.001) showed difference significant between the two groups from view point of lesion recurrence. With respect to more healing and lesions recurrence due to Borage tea application, we suggest more studies about changing treatment methods of Atopic dermatitis, such as use of Borage.

Children’s malnutrition has an important effects on the level of well being in the society and anthropometrical indictors in children represent the ultimate results of nutritional status. In this study nutritional status of 480 children of 6-12 years old (260 boys, 220 girls) has been evaluated base on nutritional stratification indices such as height, age (H/A) and weighty and height (W/H). They divided based on point z in three groups of hypoalimentation, normal children and polyphagia. Determined in three classifications in several classes (slight, middle, sever). Statistical analysis showed that under nutrition in term of (H/A) was 15 percent in both sex, and weight/height for girls was higher than boys (34.58%. vs. 32.6%, respectively). Also over nutrition in term of W/H index for girls was higher than boys (8.41% vs. 6.61%, respectively). However, H/A index was higher in boys.(16.74% vs. 20% respectively). The results of present investigation show that in 40.42% of children based on index of weight to height and 33.23% based on index of height to age are malnutrition. So that the main nutritional problem in this population is oligotrophia.

Supraclavicular nerve block is a method for upper limb surgery in Anesthesiology. In this method that is common for supraclavicular block, injection anesthesia on the first rib and it has complications such as pneumothorax, phrenic never pulsy, infection, intra spinal injection. In this study injection with a 10 degree cephalic side as compared with the first rib in order to decrease of complications was evaluated. In this research with a interventional study on 100 patients injection was done with a 10 degree cephalic side to the first rib and incidence of these complications is 0% in the Z-test the statistical difference is significant. Results showed that there was no any case of peneumothorax and phernic nerve pulsy, although these complications were 6% and 60% in control group. There was significant in two groups using Z-test (p<0.0001). Therefore in this method, incidence of pneumothorax and phrenic never pulsy is decreased. Suggested that this method and the other methods compare and use this method with more confidence.

The precise mechanism for antisperm antibody (ASA) mediated fertility impairment is unclear. In the male reproductive tract, ASA may have an adverse impact on sperm maturation and function or overall semen quality. In this study, the percentage of ASA-IgA was determined by the direct Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR) test in men from infertile couples in Khorramabad city. Furthermore, the semen parameters were evaluated in order to examine any correlation with the presence of ASA. 85 men were tested for ASA as a part of an infertility evaluation. Patients were grouped according to percentage of ASA of < 10%. Or 10%. Semen parameters (Volume less than 2ml, concentration less than 20×106/ ml, and motility less than 50%) were calculated for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test. Results showed that 20% of this population were ASA-positive. Volume less than 2ml was not associated with ASA by direct MAR (P = 0.56). Concentration less than 20×106/ml was not associated with ASA by direct MAR. Motility less than 50% was significantly associated with ASA by direct MAR (P = 0.005). Antisperm antibodies can disrupt normal sperm function by damaging sperm motility. Therefore, it can be suggest that patients with sperm motility than 50% should become Candidate of ASA assay.

Circumcision is the most common surgical operation procedure in the world. If this procedure is incorrectly, many complications will occurred. The purpose of this study was determination of late complication of circumcision in elementary school in khoramabad in 2000-2001. In this study (cross-sectional) 3205 boys have been examined for late complication of circumcision and positive findings. Finding were recorded in special checklist and then analyzed by with SPSS software. We did examination on by medical trained interns, secretly in a separated room. This study showed that 273 students had late complication of circumcision. Redundant foreskin was the most common complication (39/3%) and less common complication was circumcision’s hypospadiasis and decreasing of inner layer of prepuce (2.5%). According to the high incidence of late complication of circumcision, we suggested to perform educational workshop for physicians who perform circumcision. In addition warning parents about the complications of circumcision, and asking them to circumcision their sons by experienced physician for preventing these complications is necessary.

The number of invasive procedures performed in newborns admitted in neonatal units is very high. Nonpharmacologic interventions are valuable alternatives for pain relief during minor procedures in neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of orally administered glucose with different concentration in neonate using a validated behavioral acute pain rating scale. A clinical trial study was conducted in 65 neonates. Each infant received 3 treatments with sterile water, 30% Dextrose Solution and 50% solution during consecutive Venus blood sampling and their responses was measured by behavioral acute pain rating scale for neonate (DAN score). This study was done in form of double blind and observer was unaware. Data analysis was perform using SPSS software. Results of this study showed that pain score significantly is lower in neonates that received sweet solution. Mean of pain scores for sterile water, Dextrose 30% and Dextrose 50% solutions, respectively were 8.74, 6.9 and 5.48. There was no statistical relationship between sex, gestational age and weight with pain score. A small dose (0.5ml) of 30% or 50% of oral glucose have an analgesic effect in neonates during Venus blood sampling. This effect is higher in 50% glucose solution and it can be detected by a behavioral pain rating scale.

Brain ischemic disorders are common diseases of neural systems. One of the predisposing factors affect to the brain ischemia is systemic hypertension. The aim of this study was the determination of relation between blood pressure and spread of brain ischemia in CT scan in brain ischemia patients. In the first stage and on the basis of research group, we selected 33 males and 33 females at the age of 45 and more with the diagnosis of brain ischemia by chance. Then we collected the information of those patients about general information, post history of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Then, we recorded degree of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the first day of bedridden time and recorded specifications of ischemia in CT Scan about numbers and extent of ischemia. In the final stage, we considered relations between systolic and diastolic pressures and extension of ischemia. Datas were analyzed by EPI6 software. Those finding showed that about 63.3% of patients were in 65 to 74 years old. In 81.8% of them hypertension history was positive. It is also specified that 36.3% of patients had normal systolic blood pressure and 45.4% had normal diastolic blood hypertension, and 63.7% had several ischemia. The severity ischemia in 54 cases (81.8%) were above 2 cm2. It is specified that there was no significant relation between systolic blood pressure and extension of ischemia in CT scan, but there was a significant relation between diastolic blood pressure and extension of ischemia (P=0.03). Having the negative history of hypertension in conformity of two indexes was significant (0.03%). There is no significant relation about sex, but there was a significant relation between two indexes and age above 75 years old (P=0.04). It is demonstrated that blood pressure and hypertension without history have a major role in extension of ischemia and aged is important factor between relation of two indexes.

Thalassemia is the most common blood disorder in the world. This hereditary anemia, Which develops due to a constitutional imbalance in alpha and beta chains of adult haemoglobin (hbA), has serious and life- threatening complications (accompanied by haemolysis and bone deformities) in its major form. We may encounter a diverse collection of articles in world research centers about the investigations carried out on Thalassemic patients. In the present research non- specific immune cells (neutrophiles) of these patients have been evaluated, additionally it is to be determined if there is any relationship between neutrophil function and such parameters as: serum ferritin level- splenectomy,desferal injection and the number of transfusions. We selected 30 patients with Beta-Thalassemia major, and 30 healthy persons as controls for neutrophiles from blood with Heparin anticoagulent (154/ml) with dextran 6% and used cold centrifugal for isolation of albicans candida from fungi collection upon SDA environment and in order to neutrophiles suspension, fungi from RPMI environment 1640 and PBS Bafer. The obtained data were analyzed by t-test or x-test. The result of this research shows that the neutrophils of thalassemia major patients are like the control group from the number and opsonisation, introducing N.B.T., however they have a weak function to the control group from Chemotaxi and Killing the organism. In this research should patients with Beta tgalassemia major in comparison with control group have allergy to infection.