فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 101 (امرداد 1400)

Theory of spiritual/religious perfectionism (Besharat, 2017, 2018, 2019) has introduced this type of perfectionism as one of the determinants of spritual health.

The present study has two main

examining the relationship between spiritual/religious perfectionism and indices of spiritual health including religious well-being and existential well-being; and investigating the relationship between spiritual/religious perfectionism and ego-strength.

Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. Two hundred and forty seven volunteer students (115 males, 132 females) from the universities in Tehran participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS), Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and Ego-Strength Scale (ESS). Reults: The results revealed a significant positive association of spiritual/religious perfectionism with religious well-being, existantiel well-being, spiritual health, and ego-strength (p< 0.001).

It can be concluded that spiritual/religious perfectionism is one of the determinants of spiritual and personality health. The findings also may support a new dimension of perfectionism, i.e. spiritual/religious perfectionism.

In the families of dual career couples, where both spouses have an income, the quantity and severity of marital conflicts are different from those of single-employed families. One of the effective factors in marital conflicts of this type of couples is cognitive components. The main issue in the present study was what are the life experiences of dual career couples of cognitive components affecting marital conflict?

The aim of this study was to discover the life experiences of dual career couples with marital conflicts from cognitive components affecting marital conflicts in the lifestyle of dual career couple.

This study was conducted with qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method in Nourabad (Lorestan) in 2019. Research samples were selected by using 12 career couples with marital conflict (with couple acknowledgment to conflict and acquisition the score of 187 or higher on the MCQ questionnaire) reached the saturation level by purposeful sampling. The semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were analyzed using the Dickelman, Allen, and Turner method, which is team-based and is common in interpretive phenomenology.

Analyzing participantschr('39') experiences led to the identification of two main themes of cognitive negligence with sub-themes; Weakness in consciousness and pessimistic metaphors and cognitive vulnerabilities with sub-themes; Faulty beliefs, negative attitudes, and dysfunctional cognitive structures.

The results showed that cognitive components play an essential role in initiating and exacerbating marital conflicts between dual career couples. Knowing the characteristics and challenges of this type of lifestyle and managing its cognitive factors can be effective in reducing marital conflicts.

Various studies have shown that Adlerian counseling and reality therapy are effective on psychological well-being, but do Adlerian counseling and reality therapy as a group affect psychological well-being, and which one is more effective?

The present study aimed to compares the effectiveness of group counseling with Adlerian therapy and reality therapy on psychological well-being in the first high school students in Tehran.

The present study employed a control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of all female high school students in public schools in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. Using the Multi-stage cluster sampling method, 45 participants were selected and then randomly divided into three 15-individual groups. The first experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of the Adlerian counseling training program retrieved from Salimi Bejestani (2010) and the second experimental group participated in ten 90-minute sessions of reality therapy counseling training program retrieved from Shafiabadi and Naseri (2019). The research instrument was the Psychological Well-Being Scale (Riff & Keynes, 1995). Research data were analyzed using ANCOVA and SPSS-22.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the first experimental (Adlerian group counseling) group, the second experimental (reality therapy) group, and the control group in terms of psychological well-being (P˃ 0.001).

Adlerian group counseling had a better and higher effect on psychological well-being than reality therapy. Adlerian  therapy leads people to cultivate social interest by emphasizing accurate lifestyle identification and focusing on identifying and correcting fundamental mistakes that disrupt interpersonal and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, Adlerian group counseling is an effective way to increase studentschr('39') psychological well-being. It is recommended that counselors of schools and psychotherapy centers use the Adlerian group counseling in the treatment of adolescentschr('39') problems.

Careful study of self-concept and function together and in different societies can lead to a deeper understanding of these concepts and how they change, However, so far the study of self-concept and function in the society of married women has been neglected in optimism, confusion, realism and devastation states.

The aim of this study was to investigate the self-concept and function of married women in optimism, confusion, realism and devastation states.

This study was conducted with qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The study population of the present study included all married women in 2019 in Isfahan, 60 of whom were selected in four groups by purposive sampling from among those who had the highest score in the four states of the researcher-made illusion and disillusion questionnaire. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis.

Findings included 8 main themes in self-concept and 8 main themes in function analysis which generally showed positive self-concept and optimal function in the spouse role in optimism state, negative self-concept and adverse function in devastation state, instability self-concept and dysfunction in confusion state, self-concept matched successes and failures, and function which consistent with motivation and goals in realism mode. 

The results showed that being in each of the four states has a decisive role in self-concept and function of married women.

In recent years, the growing amount of public transport drivers’ aggression and anger has increased the road rage rate. Although various studies have been conducted on this issue, the impact of cognitive flexibility has not been investigated yet.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of psycho-social skills training on bus drivers’ cognitive flexibility and aggression.

This project started in 1390 and in several phases administered on drivers applying for bus driving company in Tehran This research was quasi-experimental with one group pretest posttest design and the sample group consisted of 70 Tehran bus drivers who were selected by using the convenience sampling method in 2019. The Shokoohi-Yekta Psycho-Social Skills Training Program (2015) was performed in 9 sessions each of which was 90 minutes. Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) (1992) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) (2010) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed utilizing dependent t-tests.

The findings of the present study showed that the training program significantly decreased the drivers’ aggression and increased their cognitive flexibility (P< 0/000).

The results demonstrated that the psycho-social skills training package can be broadly used to reduce bus drivers’ aggression and improve their cognitive flexibility.

Physical activities are not sufficient to achieve successful performance in sports and other psychological-cognitive variables can improve the level of performance significantly. Recent studies have demonstrated that Augmented feedback has positive effects on learning and performance, but it is important to figure out the most effective and optimal solutions for this matter.

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of accurate and inaccurate (higher/lower) feedback on running economy indicators in untrained individuals.

In this quasi-experimental study, twenty-four untrained men between 23-27 years of age were selected through convenience sampling from Shahid Beheshti University. Their maximum speed was measured by a running session test (Vmax Test). Then, they were divided into “duration” and “distance” groups, respectively. Participants in each group completed three running sessions with either accurate or inaccurate (higher/lower) duration or distance feedback. During the sessions, the perceived exertion of each participant was observed by the Borg scale (1982). Furthermore, cardiovascular measurements were recorded through the Gas analyzer system. Spss 22 software was used to analyze the data.

The repeated measures ANOVA test has shown that ratings of perceived exertion,vo2 consumption and HR measures were significantly lower during inaccurate-lower feedback trials (P< 0/05). But there were not any significant differences in the dependent variables between duration and distance groups.

This study has demonstrated that running economy and perceived exertion in untrained men were affected by the provision of inaccurate duration and distance feedback. The study indicated that the Provision of inaccurate-lower duration or distance feedback could result in more economic running performance in untrained people.

he experience of divorce affects the psychological well-being of women. Among the treatment approaches that can improve the psychological well-being of divorced women is schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment.

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of career couples from satisfaction and marital conflicts.

The method of the present study is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test in three groups. The statistical population included all divorced women who referred to counseling and psychological counseling centers in Tehran in the second half of 2019 due to psychological consequences after divorce. In order to select the statistical sample using purposive sampling method, first 45 people were selected and then 15 people were randomly placed in the first experimental group, 15 people in the second experimental group and 15 people in the control group. The research instrument was Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS22 software.

Statistical findings showed that both therapeutic approaches used were effective in increasing participantschr('39') psychological well-being (p< 0/05), but the difference between schema therapy and acceptance-commitment therapy at the level of 0.05 was not significant for psychological well-being.

Considering the effectiveness of schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on psychological well-being and its subscales, it is suggested that counseling centers and family clinics for divorced women who are exposed to psychological consequences after divorce prioritize these two approaches. Use group counseling and psychotherapy

Weakness in listening skill and abilities, with or without the characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorder, is one of the issues of children with ADHD, which could partially appear in listening, speaking, reading, writing and spelling words. This weakness could lead to anxiety, and negatively impact these childrenchr('39')s connections at home, and especially in the classroom. Not to mention, that this weakness could, also, project externally, and appear as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors (Externalizing Behavior).

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of listening skills training on behavioral problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder together with Specific learning disorder.

The research design was a pretest-posttest experiment with a control group. In order to conduct this research, 30 people from the statistical population of the study children with ADHD with together with Specific learning disorder in District 4 of Tehran) in the 98-99 academic year were selected by multi stage cluster method (simple random access). The children were, then, assigned to control and experiment groups. The instruments used in this study included the Achenbach inventory and the Learning Disabilities Questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed, that listening skill tasks had a significant effect on reducing behavioral problems. The effect of listening skills training on behavioral problems was 45/5%.

Based on the findings of this study, cognitive rehabilitation and especially hearing skills training can be used as an effective method to reduce behavioral problems in children with ADHD and learning disabilities.

Numerous studies have been conducted on motivational beliefs, behavioral activation and inhibition systems, and dark personality. But a study that has developed a model of motivational beliefs based on the system of activation and behavioral inhibition mediated by dark personality in students has been neglected.

The aim of this study was to model motivational beliefs based on the system of activation and behavioral inhibition mediated by dark personality in students.

The present study was descriptive and of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population of the study included all humanities students of the doctoral program of Islamic Azad University, science and research branch of Tehran in the academic year 1398-99, numbering 1621 people, of whom 770 people were selected by available sampling method as a sample. The motivational beliefs questionnaire of Pintrich & et al. (1991), Carver & White (1994) behavioral activation and inhibition system, and Johnson & Webster (2010) dark personality questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed using structural equation statistical method at a significance level of 0.05 and Spss22 and Pls3 software.

The findings showed that the behavioral inhibition system had a negative and significant effect on motivational beliefs with the mediating role of dark personality (P= 6/754, β= -0/100). Also, behavioral activation system also had a positive and significant effect on motivational beliefs with the mediating role of dark personality (P= 0/660, β= 0/122).

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the modeling of motivational beliefs based on the system of activation and behavioral inhibition mediated by dark personality is statistically significant and the model has the necessary validity.

"Critical thinking" is a process used to interpret and evaluate information and experiences. But the main question is, can critical thinking mediate between irrational beliefs and personality traits and self-esteem?

To provide a model for predicting irrational beliefs based on personality traits and self-esteem in students with the role of mediating critical thinking.

The present study was a descriptive study of correlation and structural equations and the Statistical population of 20984 thousand male and female students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in the first semester of the 1397-98 academic year. The sample size was estimated to be 375 people who were randomly selected from multi-stage classes to the questionnaires of irrational beliefs Khorsandpour, Rezakhani and Sharifi (1399), personality traits of Neo McCurry and Costa (2004), self-esteem Rosenberg (1965) and Ritex (2003). They replied. The results were analyzed by correlation coefficients and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS software.

The results showed that among personality traits, neuroticism in a positive way and openness to experience and conscientiousness in a negative way can predict irrational beliefs. Self-esteem and critical thinking also negatively predict irrational beliefs. Findings suggest that critical thinking can negatively correlate the relationship between openness to experience and conscientiousness with irrational beliefs; and positively mediate the relationship between neuroticism and irrational beliefs. Critical thinking can also negatively mediate the relationship between self-esteem and irrational beliefs. Overall, the results showed that personality traits, self-esteem and critical thinking can explain 36% of the variance of irrational beliefs (P< 0/05).

Critical thinking can play a mediating role between irrational beliefs with personality traits and self-esteem in students. Among the achievements of this study can be encouraging therapists to create solutions to change the cognition, thoughts, actions, emotions and personality dimensions of students as a young and educated segment of society.

Adaptive behaviors, low academic performance and behavioral problems cause problems in the lives of children and their parents. The problem is that the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation and Barkleychr('39')s parenting strategies on various variables has been confirmed, but the effect of these two on social competence, academic performance and behavioral problems in students with learning disabilities has been comorbidity with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

To compare the effectiveness of training Emotional Self-Regulation Strategies and Barkleychr('39')s Parenting on Improving Social Competence, Academic Performance and Reducing Behavioral Problems of Students with Learning Disabilities with comorbidity Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder.

The present research method is quasi-experimental pretest, posttest design with two groups experiment. The statistical population included all students in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of state centers for learning disabilities in District 4 Education of Tehran in the academic year of 1398-99. 30 students and 15 parents were selected as the sample by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups And a group of control (15 people in each group). Research instruments include: Connerss Child behavior Degree Scale- Teacher Form (1990), Zhou & Jei Scale (2012), Learning Disability Assessment Scale - Second Edition McCarney & Arthaud ​​(2007), Experience-Based Child Behavior Checklist Achenbach & Rescola (2001) 8 sessions 60-Minute Emotion Regulation Training Program (Allen, 2009) and Barkleychr('39')s Parenting (2013). Data analysis using univariate analysis of variance and By spss.24 software was performed.

Barkleychr('39')s parenting education program had an effect on social competence (p< 0.0001) and behavioral problems (p< 0.001) and emotion self-regulatory strategies on academic performance (p< 0.001).

Barkleychr('39')s Parenting Education and Emotional Self-Regulation Strategies can be used as effective methods to improve social competence and academic performance and reduce behavioral problems in children with Learning Disabilities with comorbidity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction on emotion regulation strategies. But there is a research gap between comparing the effectiveness of the two classic cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) and reducing mindfulness-based stress (MBSR) on emotion regulation strategies for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Comparison of the effectiveness of two classical cognitive-behavioral therapies and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy was based on the strategies for regulating emotion in patients with type 2 diabetes in Shiraz.

The research was pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population included all type 2 diabetic patients present in Shiraz medical and hospital centers in 2018. Thirty-six diabetic patients were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to three 12-person groups (two experimental groups and one contrast group). Research tools of Garnefskychr('39')s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Craig and Spinhaon (2001), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy Meetings (Mouse et al., 2015) and Behavioral Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Moloudi and Fattahi, 2011; quoted by Samadzadeh et al., 1397). ). Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Two cognitive-behavioral therapies of classical behavior and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy had a significant effect on patientschr('39') emotion regulation strategies (P< 0/001). There was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of the effect on emotion regulation strategies (P< 0/001).

Patients who participated in cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy experienced more positive and less negative emotion regulation strategies.

Attitudes toward infidelity and intimacy are variables that can play a significant role in the tendency to marital infidelity in couples. But does solution-focused therapy help reducing attitudes toward marital infidelity and improving the marital intimacy of married people?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy on attitudes toward marital infidelity and marital intimacy of married people in Bushehr.

The present study was single case experimental design of multiple baseline. The statistical population of the study included couples referring to the Masire Zendeghi Counseling Center in 2019. 4 couples (8 people) were selected by voluntary – purpose sampling. Research tools include: Whatley (2006) Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale, Bagarozzi (2001) Marital Intimacy Questionnaire and 8 sessions of 90-minute solution-focused therapy by Steve de Shazer method (Azizi & Ghasemi, 2017). Data were analyzed by visual mapping, reliable change index and improvement rate formula.

Solution-Focused Therapy reduced the variable of attitudes toward marital infidelity (%23/22 improvement) and its effect was maintained until the end of the two-month follow-up period (%20/07 improvement). Solution-Focused Therapy could increase the marital intimacy of couples (%14/64 improvement), the effect of which was maintained until the end of the follow-up period (%12/61 improvement). Their change in reliable index also showed that these changes were significant
(P< 0/05).

The results of analysis of research data revealed that solution- Focused Therapy is effective in reducing attitudes toward marital infidelity and increasing marital intimacy of married people