نشریه پژوهش در علوم زیستی و فعالیت بدنی
پیاپی 6 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic condition of the joints. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck. The purpose of this experimental pretest-posttest study was to determine the effect of eight weeks' core stability and strength training on knee pain and function in elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Thirty-six elderly women with osteoarthritis (mean age, 64/5 ± 4/50 years and mean weight of 70/71 ± 10/52, mean height 156/34 ± 6/12) were participated and randomly divided into three equal groups (n=12): strength training program, core stabilization training and control groups. Strength training, core stabilization training groups received especial training for eight weeks and control group no received any training. To collect the data, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional questionnaire (WOMAC) body composition and dynamometer were used.  Normality of Data and homogeneity was tested by Shapiro–Wilk test. Descriptive statistics, two way ANOVA, paired sample t test and the bonferroni test were used to analyze the hypotheses. (P ≤ 0.05).

The results showed that, there was significant effect of eight weeks' exercises of core stability on, increase muscle strength (d=0.80, p=0.002) and function (d=0.73, p=0.001) and decrease knee pain (d=0.81, p=0.036). Also, there was significant effect of eight weeks' exercises of strength training on increase function (d=0.90, p=0.001) and muscle strength (d=0.73, p=0.041) and decrease knee pain (d=1.52, p=0.003).   

It seems, core stability and strength training can reduce the pain and help to rehabilitation of elderly women with osteoarthritis.

Superset is consecutive and continuous strength exercising, in which there are no rest intervals between sets or the rest time is limited. The superset is done using combined and reverse protocols. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative effect of reverse and combined superset resistance training on serum growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and creatine kinase (CK) in sedentary overweight men.

Fourteen sedentary overweight men with average age 28.42 ± 1.55 years and average body mass index (BMI) 28.46 ± 1.28 kg/m2 were studied in two groups under reverse and combined superset resistance protocols. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein before and after trainings and level of CPK, GH and IGF-1 were measured using commercial kits.

Performing the resistance exercise in reverse and combined superset protocols resulted in significant elevation of the serum CPK, GH and IGF-1. There was no significant difference between the levels of CPK (p=0.88), GH (p=0.95) and IGF-1 (p=0.58) in subjects under two training protocols.

Both superset protocols had the same effect on anabolic responses and muscle damage indices. Considering that the levels of CPK, GH, and IGF-I hormones increased following superset exercises, it can be argued that performing resistance exercise with superset protocols can provide anabolic physiological responses and adaptations.

Of solutions to the treatment of delayed muscle soreness is the use of natural food supplements. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate the effect of short-term supplementation of ginger on functional parameters following the delayed muscle soreness caused by strength training in physical education students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted by the students of Physical Education of Tabriz University. The sample consisted of 30 targeted individuals and randomly divided into two groups (each group of 15 experimental subjects) and Control (placebo user). Homogenization based on 1RM and anthropometric indices. After 10 days, ginger capsule consumption of 2 grams per day, based on body weight, began to develop 80% 1RM strength training and the knee range, mid-thigh, height jump and understanding of muscle pain in time before supplementation, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours after resistance training. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS Version 13 software at a significant level of ≤0.05.

The results showed that 10 days, ginger supplementation had no significant effect on the range of knee joint, medial thigh and height of jump (p <0.05). But decreased muscle pain (p <0.05).

Short-term use of Ginger seems to be effective in reducing the intensity of muscle pain.

Oxygen reactive species are produced in response to exercises and intense and long-time training and exercises, such as soccer exercises that subsequent it is a companion muscle damage. Therefore, the use of antioxidant supplements can be Reduces the oxidative stress and muscle damage of the result of these exercises. The purpose of this study is to the effect of two weeks of tomato juice supplementation on muscle damage indices (keratin kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and C-reactive protein in male young footballer.  

28 peopleof the young male Category 1 football players (With a mean age of 17.30 ± 0.85 years, Weight 67.30 ± 6.75 kg, Height 178/30 ±4/80 cm and Fat percentage was 5.3 ± 2.14) Were selected randomly and divided into two groups of 14 experimental and control groups. The research protocol was included an anaerobic power test (Rast test) and Cooper's (12-minute running) Which was performed with a 30 minute rest interval before and after two weeks of supplementation. Experimental group consumed 320 ml of tomato juice daily at two meals, on exercise days one hour before exercise, one before dinner and on non-training days on two dinners before breakfast and dinner and the control group continued with regular exercises along with the experimental group. It was gathered Blood samples in four stages before and after functional tests before and after Supplementation course and Total for four times determine the concentration of muscle damage indices such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein.

The results showed that short-term supplementation of tomato juice (320 ml / day) significantly reduced the muscle damage indices in the experimental group compared with the control group and the pre-test stage after two weeks of supplementation in Young man soccer players. This decrease was statistically significant only in the keratin kinase index (P =0.050) And lactate dehydrogenase has not been significant (P =0.125). Also, two weeks of supplementation did not reduce the C-reactive protein index (P = .402).

Tomato juice supplement can reduce muscle damage caused by football competition in young footballers. Therefore, it is suggestedAlong with daily exercises and diets to reduce muscle damage use with caution.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks combined training on plasma acylated ghrelin and lipid profile in overweight females.

40 non-athlete overweight females (BMI=25-30) were randomly selected from more than 400 eligible students of Varamin Azad university and randomly divided in two experimental and control groups. Training protocol lasted for 12 weeks and included seven sessions per week. Four sessions consisted of interval endurance training with the intensity of 55-75% of maximum heart rate. Two Sessions per week were assigned to circuit progressive resistance training at 50-60% 1RM. One session per week was also allocated to handball training with the same intensity of endurance training. Blood samples were taken in fasting state from all subjects, before and 72 hours after interventions. Plasma ghrelin amount was determined by ELISA test, HDL was evaluated using colorimetric method, and triglyceride and total cholesterol were determined by Enzymatic Photometric method. The statistical analysis of research was done by Repeated measures ANOVA at the significance level of P

According to the results, significant increases in plasma ghrelin (P=0.029) and HDL cholesterol (P=0.011), and significant decreases in total cholesterol (P=0.039), triglyceride (P=0.047) and LDL cholesterol (P=0.038) in experimental group were seen, while the changes in control group were not significant.

These results highlighted the effective role of selective combined training on simultaneously increasing ghrelin hormone and improving lipid profile. Generally, these results showed the advantages of selected protocol training on improving metabolic status in overweight individuals.

One of the major problems in diabetes is the defective metabolism of fats following a deficiency in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, exercise and herbal supplements are likely to reduce the side effects. However, it is also important to examine the acute responses caused by exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Eryngium billardieri- Apiaceaee supplementation of poplar on short-term response of glycemic, ketoacidosis and lipid indices in diabetic men after a period of increased exercise.

16 diabetic men who did not do any regular exercise were randomly divided in two groups: control + physical activity and supplement + physical activity. First, fasting blood samples were obtained. Then adjusted Bruce test was performed as physical activity. After that, blood samples were collected again. Subjects in the supplement group for two weeks consumed the alcoholic extract of the herbal supplement of Eryngium billardieri (125 mg / kg) and the control group used a placebo. Eventually, 24 hours after the last supplement of the first day protocol was repeated.

Plasma glucose, insulin, HOM-RI, triglyceride, cholesterol and acetoacetate levels were significantly decrease in the supplement + physical activity group (p <0.05).

The findings of this study show that short-term Eryngium billardieri supplementation improves the short-term response to a physical activity session. However, it has less impact on the base surfaces. Therefore, it is recommended to use longer supplemental Eryngium billardieri with regular physical activity.