مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و نهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 178، شهریور 1400)

Predisposition to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) also has a genetic basis and inherited thrombophilias constitute 22.4 % of the CVT cases. CVT with a varied clinical presentation and pathogenesis is one of the important causes of stroke which is not very common. Inherited thrombophilias with concomitant acquired risk factors like pregnancy may increase the risk of CVT manifold. Identification of a number of genetic variants increasing susceptibility to CVT and related traits opened up opportunity, to screening of women at high risk of developing obstetric CVT.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is generally diagnosed in the early childhood and the disease is usually diagnosed in the first years of life by its clinical manifestations. The crises of this disease worsens during pregnancy. In this report, a 24-year-old pregnant woman with gestational age of 29 weeks and six days, G2P2A0L1, is presented. She complained of severe back and lower extremity pain. Considering the refractory pain, severe anemia, and absence of delivery process signs, further tests detected SCA for her. Preterm termination of pregnancy were performed by cesarean section regarding severe non-controlled pain, severe IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation), severe oligohydramnios, and previous caesarian section. A female baby was born with Apgar score of 8 and a birth weight of 1250 grams. Considering the high probability of vascular occlusion crisis and severe anemia associated with SCA during pregnancy, it is reasonable to seek sickle cells in all the pregnant patients with severe unexplained anemia or pain.

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition affecting 7-10% of women in reproductive age. PCOS is generally characterized by hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Insulin resistance is the hallmark of PCOS with a considerable prevalence. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of PCOS haas not been cleared yet; PCOS is considered a multifactorial syndrome with a wide range of genetic, endocrine, molecular, and environmental abnormalities. Altered expression of several genes and miRNAs in PCOS patients has become a useful and non-invasive method in the characterization of PCOS in the last decades. On the other hand, altered secretion of sexual hormones like testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen can be a valid confirmation of PCOS. Several methods and drugs are used to treat PCOS like anti-androgens, insulin sensitizers, and bariatric surgery.

Taken together, PCOS is a common abnormality among women and not only does affect fertility, but also influences different aspects of their life from anxiety to type two diabetes. Women, especially in third world countries should care about their lifestyle and diet, which has a vital role in the prevention of PCOS. New methods in the diagnosis of PCOS lead to declining the side effects of PCOS.

Early detection of oral cancer by diagnosing the precancerous lesions is the best way for controlling and decreasing cancer’s mortality. Dentists have a significant role in early detection of precancerous lesions and their capability to detect is highly subjected to their levels of knowledge about these lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of general dentists in Yazd City regarding oral precancerous lesions.

In this cross-sectional study, 180 Yazd general dentists, selected and they completed a questionnaire, which was consisted of two parts: demographic information and questions referring the knowledge, attitude and practice; data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and ANOVA and T-test.

Mean score of knowledge was 13.38 ± 2.49 from maximum 22 and mean score of attitudes was 19.35 ± 1.72 from maximum 21, which implies that the participants have a better attitude. No significant correlation was reported between knowledge and gender, years of graduation, workplace, work experience, and attending in retraining classes (P. -value=0.255). There was a significant correlation between attitude and years of graduation (P-value=0.056), which means that participants with 5 years of graduation or less had better attitude toward precancerous lesions.

General dentists of Yazd City have an average knowledge but a good attitude towards precancerous lesions of mouth . Regarding their practice, more than 50% of the participants referred to the orthopedic specialist in case of precancerous lesions.

Self-assessment is one of the methods of benchmarking dental graduates of the acquired skills  and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current student and educational system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viewpoints of final-year students of Qazvin Dental School regarding their acquired clinical skills based on the educational program.

The type of study was descriptive cross-sectional. In this study, the clinical skill level of dental students was evaluated using a 45-item questionnaire (from the skills of 9 clinical departments). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using t-test.

24 students (10 males and 14 females) were included in the study. In general, the mean of students (out of 5 scores) was 3.41±0.30 which was in good level. There was a significant difference between the studentschr('39') ability in different departments (P = 0.000). The highest ability was in endodontics (4.00) and the lowest in oral disease and diagnosis (2.98). There was no significant difference in total abilities between men and women, but the ability of women in the endodontics ward was higher than men (P = 0.002).

The level of ability of the students from their point of view in this study was good. There was also a difference in the skills of girls and boys in educational settings. The results of this study can be used for evaluation of strengths and weaknesses and planning for promoting education in Qazvin Dental School.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a set of clinical symptoms that occurs following exposure to life-threatening events, and affects a variety of psychological variables. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy on social support and the severity of symptoms in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test and a two-month follow-up design and a control group. Using stratified sampling method, 30 patients (15 subjects in each group) with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Farabi Psychiatric Clinic in Kermanshah City selected and they were randomly assigned. The Mean age of the sample group was 31.9.The study inclusion criteria was having PTSD based on clinical interview. The study exclusion criteria included having psychosis symptoms, drug addiction. The data were collected by structured clinical interview (SCID-I), social support scale (MOS), and the fifth edition of the post-traumatic stress disorder index (PCL-5). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test.

The results showed that prolonged exposure therapy was significantly effective in increasing social support (F=2/66, P<0/01) and reducing the severity of symptoms (F=42/19, P<0/01) among the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

These results indicate that prolonged exposure therapy can alleviate the symptoms of the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. North of Iran is a high-risk area for gastric cancer. Nitric oxide (NO), mainly synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in pathological conditions, plays an important role in cytotoxicity, inflammation and fibrosis. In this research we studied the effect of (rs1137933) T>C genotype on gastric cancer..

This analysis was performed on 93 patients with gastric cancer who were referred to endoscopy Tuba Clinic in 2015 and 93 healthy individuals as controls. DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples was applied in PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis to determine (rs1137933) T>C genotype. The association of the (rs1137933) T>C genotype and gastric cancer risk were analyzed by MedCalc software and (X2) Chi-square and (OR) Odds Ratio exams.

Frequency of TT, CT, and CC genotypes in cases was 12.61, 51.35 and 36% and 38.7, 34.4, and 26.8% in the control group. Significant association was found between (rs1137933) T>C genotype with gastric cancer chance, P<0.05, OR=2/04, 95% CI (1/37 to 3/03).

The results of the study show that the presence of CC+CT genotypes may increase the risk of gastric cancer.  P < 0.0001, OR=4.37 (2.17 to 8.80).Therefore, investigating the (rs1137933) T>C single nucleotide polymorphism of NOS2 gene could be an appropriate molecular marker that could be used to determine individual sensitivity to gastric cancer and for designing cancer prevention programs.

Although, Rhizopus species, are the main causative agents of mucormycosis, we know a little about these pathogens. We investigated the virulence potential of Rhizopus arrhizus and R. microsporus strains, obtained from a wide selection of clinical and environmental sources, in Galleria mellonella larvae and a mice model.

In this experiment, a total of 26 strains, 13 for each species of R. microsporus, R. arrhizus were tested in larvae with final concentration of 106/ml per strain. Eight strains were tested in mice model. Inoculated samples were monitored in insect larvae for 6 days and in mice for 14 days. Statistical data were performed using Graphpad Prism software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). Survival data of the samples were plotted using Kaplen-Meyer diagrams and analyzed using log rank test P value was considered 0.05%.

R. arrhizus showed higher virulence compare to R. microsporus in both models. No specific difference was seen in pathogenicity between the two varieties of R. arrhizus. Virulence was not affected by source of isolation or production of toxin in some strains of R. microsporus. Virulence pattern was similar in both models.

Considering the mortality rate which was happened with strains from environmental sources, we conclude that these fungi have an opportunistic nature, which make them pathogen in susceptible hosts in favorite conditions. Larvae model showed reliable results compare to mice model.