مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 64، تابستان 1400)

Educating couples is very important to resolve the conflicts created in marital relationship. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of relationship enrichment program training in reducing latent communication aggression and increasing relationship maintenance strategies.

Methods and Materials:

 The method of the study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control group design. The statistical population included all couples seeking divorce who referred to the Pre-Divorce Counseling Center of the Deputy for Prevention of Justice located in the city of Karaj in 1400-99. A total of 21 couples using simple random sampling method were selected and divided into two experimental groups (each the group was divided into 7 pairs and a control group (7 pairs). The experimental groups underwent communication enrichment training (7 sessions of 90 minutes). But the control group did not receive any intervention. Hidden communication aggression questionnaires (1) and relationship retention strategies (RMSM) were used to collect information. Multivariate analysis of covariance, analysis of covariance, Tukey and Scheffe post hoc test and repeated measures of multivariate (profile analysis) were used to analyze the data. SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that relationship-based enrichment training was effective in reducing communication aggression in the post-test and follow-up stages (P≤0.001). Also, training based on communication enrichment was effective in increasing relationship maintenance strategies in the post-test and follow-up stages (P≤0.001).

According to the findings, it can be stated that the effectiveness of relationship enrichment program training is effective in reducing latent communication aggression and increasing relationship maintenance strategies.

Alcohol consumption is one of the emerging social phenomena. Among these, the most vulnerable group is young women who are more prone to alcohol consumption due to psychological crises caused by social problems. The aim of the present study was the Phenomenology of Behavioral and Emotional Experiences of Tendency to consume alcohol in Women in Isfahan.

Methods and Materials:

 The method of qualitative phenomenological research with Colaizzi approach has been used. The statistical population of this study is women consuming alcohol in Isfahan. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews for 30-40 minutes.

The results showed that women started consuming alcohol at the suggestion of their husbands, friends and family members and pointed to two categories of negative emotions (feeling sad, monotonous and lack of excitement) and positive emotions (feeling of laughter and happiness, attractiveness and availability of alcohol) Which has led to their tendency to consume alcohol.

It seems that womenchr('39')s experiences after alcohol consumption include two categories, emotional (feeling of loss and falling behind in life, feelings of regret and emptiness) and behavioral (cartwheel, imbalance, profanity, loss of consciousness, Violence).

Research has shown that examining the social behaviors of violence makes it possible to achieve its consequences; therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of social behaviors and consequences of violence with a grand theory approach.

Methods and Materials:

 This research was conducted with qualitative methodology and in the field of grounded theory in 2019 in Mashhad. Participants in this study were 17 male students in whom violent behaviors were observed, who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using open, axial and selective coding steps.

After analyzing and coding the data based on the approach of Strauss and Cobain Grand Theory, 20 categories were extracted which were classified into three dimensions: causal, contextual and intervening as well as outcome. The process of creating and reproducing violence was explained.

It seems that the categories and dimensions considered in this study explain the processes of reproduction of violence and in this regard, it can be used for related research.

Psychotherapy is a type of emotional discharge that reopens a specific personchr('39')s personality problem and presents aspects of his life and its comparison with cognitive-behavioral therapy can determine their effectiveness; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and psychotherapeutic therapy on the symptoms of externalized disorders in children aged 7 to 12 years.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) studies with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The sample group was available among 24 children who were registered at Ava Mehr Pasargad Counseling Center to diagnose the symptoms of externalized disorder and met the necessary criteria to participate in the study, 24 people were randomly selected. They were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Cognitive-behavioral and psychotherapy were performed for the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any special intervention. The research instruments included the Achenbach Child Behavior Inventory Questionnaire (parentschr('39') version). Analysis of covariance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data and examine the relationships between variables.  

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychotherapeutic therapy in the variables of aggressive behavior and law-breaking behavior in the post-test stage (P≥0.001) but there was a significant difference in the follow-up stage in the law-breaking behavior variable. (P≤0.001) According to the effect size values for the variables of aggressive behavior and lawless behavior in cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychotherapy, it was found that the effectiveness of psychotherapy is more than cognitive-behavioral therapy. (P≤0.001)

It seems that psychotherapy is more useful than cognitive-behavioral therapy in improving aggressive and law-breaking behaviors.

Today, childrenchr aggression is one of the most common and one of the important reasons for their referral to psychotherapists. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of story therapy and music therapy on the executive functions of aggressive female students.

In this quasi-experimental study, 45 aggressive students were randomly selected from among elementary school female students in Karaj in the academic year 1300-1499 and randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. (15 n1 = n2 = n3 =). The research instruments included primary school children aggression questionnaires, Wisconsin test, continuous performance test and Stroop test. The experimental groups underwent story therapy in 11 sessions and music therapy in 8 sessions. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of story therapy and music therapy on executive functions (p <0.001) of aggressive female students. The mean scores of executive functions in music therapy post-test were significantly higher than the mean scores of story therapy group and control group (p <0.001).

Story therapy and music therapy have an effective role in improving the executive functions of aggressive female students. Also, music therapy has a greater effect on increasing performance indicators (cognitive flexibility, sustained attention and inhibition) of aggressive female students than story therapy. Therefore, it is suggested that these treatments be performed by specialists in these fields to help aggressive students in educational and medical environments. The results of this research can have many educational implications.

Understanding the predictors and vulnerabilities of bipolar disorder is very important because the prevalence and recurrence rate of this disease is high and even after treatment, patients still experience mild symptoms and functional impairments. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of behavioral activation system–relevant cognitive styles in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences with bipolar disorder syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all patients with bipolar disorder admitted to Shahid Hayinejad Hospital in Babol. The sample size was 379 people who were selected by available sampling method in a period of 18 months. In order to collect the research data have used  from the Child Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory- II,  Mania Self-Report Scale and 3 Questionnaires of behavioral activation system–relevant cognitive styles (Perfectionism / Performance Evaluation subscale of Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Self-Criticism subscale of Depression Experiences Scale, and Autonomy subscale of Autonomy - Community orientation Scale). The research data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software and structural equation modeling.

The results showed that traumatic childhood experiences have an effect on behavioral activation system–relevant cognitive styles and symptoms (depression and mania) of bipolar disorder (p <0.05). Behavioral activation system–relevant cognitive styles have an effect on symptoms (depression and mania) (p <0.05). In addition, the results showed that the behavioral activation system–relevant cognitive styles mediate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and symptoms (depression and mania) of bipolar disorder.

The results of the present study support the hypothesis behavioral activation system–relevant cognitive styles mediate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and symptoms (depression and mania) of bipolar disorder.

Marriage is one of the most important events in the life of any person, which is influenced by characteristics of the person before marriage, such as the early maladaptive schemas. One of the treatment approaches proposed for early maladaptive schemas is emotion therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on early maladaptive schemas during marriage.

Methods and Materials:

 The present research plan is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. For this purpose, a sample of 40 couples were selected during the marriage using the available sampling method and filled out the Yang (1990) early maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire. They were given emotion-focused therapy for 12 sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that emotion-focused therapy was effective on early maladaptive schemas (p=0.05). The results showed that the interactive effect of time * group and intergroup source had a significant difference in participantschr scores regarding early maladaptive schemas (p=0.01).

Thus, emotion-focused therapy increases coupleschr involvement in emotion regulation by improving awareness, cognition, and emotion regulation, and reduces cognitive deviations resulting from early maladaptive schemas.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is one of the mood disorders of the fifth edition of the mental disorder’s diagnosis. This disorder begins in the childhood and causes many problems for parents, teachers, friends, and children themselves. This disorder, which is associated with social problems, is also very debilitating. The present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and initial reliability of the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder scale.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of this research is descriptive and instrument making; while its statistical population is all parents of children aged 6-12 year in Isfahan in the year 1397. Statistical samples included 300 people which were selected by available sampling. To collect the data for evaluation of this disorder, the researcher-made Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Scale (DMDDS) was used. To examine the scale items, quantitative and qualitative content reliability, quantitative and qualitative nominal reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient were used.

Based on the parameters of impact coefficient index above 1.5, content reliability index above 0.62, reliability ratio above 0.70, and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis’s, 24 scale items were kept in the instrument. Considering an eigenvalue above 1, four factors of impulsivity, performance, mood, and frustration were extracted. According to the obtained results, the four factors of this scale were able to predict 50.80% of the changes in the total scale. Also, a total scale reliability coefficient of 0.894 was obtained by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method.

Based on the results of this study, the content reliability index as well as the nominal and structural scale which are designed for the parents, are acceptable and can be used to evaluate the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children aged 6-12 year.

The authors conducted a quasi-experimental study to compare the effectiveness of GOSP and Triple P on self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-control of children.

Methods and Materials:

 The statistical population was students aged 8 to 11 who were studying in schools of 15th district of Tehran that had parents with high stress.30 mothers after screening process were randomly replaced in three experimental and control groups (10 people each). The subjects in the experimental groups were trained in (GOSP) (12 sessions), and Triple p (10 sessions according to the Saunders protocol, 1992) 120 minutes, weekly, and the control group did not receive any training. After the training course, post-test was performed for all three groups of students. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess data

Results revealed that the mean scores of students in the group (GOSP) in self-esteem and self-control were significantly higher than Triple p and the control group. the scores of emotional self-efficacy of GOSP were significantly higher than the control group, While there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups. self-esteem and self-control of children had no significant difference in two groups of positive parenting and the control group. the mean scores of self-efficacy were not significantly different in experimental groups (GOSP and triple p). Regarding social self-efficacy, no significant difference was observed between the three experimental and control groups.

These results suggest that the combination of GOD oriented spirituality perspective with considering the developmental characteristics of children, increases the effectiveness of parenting trainings on children.

Love is one of the most amazing emotions a person can experience, but at the same time, it can be one of the most painful emotions. Breaking up the romantic relationships has been accompanied with different negative physical and psychological responses such as depression, anxiety psychopathology, loneliness and self-blame . Current research has been done by the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy on negative affect and self-blame in female students who were suffering from emotional breakdown.

Methods and Materials: 

Current study is a sort of semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test So, among the female students suffering from emotional breakdown in Zahedan university of medical science (2017-2018), a sample of 40 students were selected and randomly arranged into experimental and control groups (n=20). All the subjects have completed the negative affect questionnaire in the pre-test stage. Then experimental group has been educating the compassion focused therapy for 8 sessions(each session lasted for 90 minutes), whereas the control group hasnchr t been receiving any intervention. In the end, both groups were evaluated and assessed again. The data were analyzed by Covariance analysis test (ancova).

The results of covariance analysis showed that compassion-focused therapy intervention reduced the scores of negative affect and self-blame in the experimental group compared to the control group .
 (P≤0/01).

According to the results of the research compassion focused therapy could be utilized to decrease the negative affect and self-blame in female students suffering from emotional breakdown and its use is justified on the Iranian population.

Today, marriage is not simply as past, and young people on the verge of marriage suffer from a fear or concern about marriage and its issues that related to cognitive distortions, maladaptive schemas and coping styles that individuals use against schemas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of schema-based premarital education on fear of marriage and coping styles in single girls in Isfahan.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest designwith a control group. The statistical population of this study included student and single girls in Esfahan; The study sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Subjects in two stages of pre-test and post-test were Samiei, Yousefi and Neshat Doost (2014) and Youngchr Schemas Minds (2008). The experimental group received schema-based premarital education as a group during 15 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 23.

The results of comparison of the experimental group with the control group showed that the function of fear of marriage and coping styles was significantly different from the control group. In other hand, Schematic-based premarital education had a significant effect on fear of marriage and coping styles of single girls (p <0.05).

In general, the results showed the effect of schema-based premarital education on fear of marriage and coping styles of single girls; and it can be used as an important and key intervention in the field of premarital. Also, the results of this research can be used by family and marriage counselors.

This study aimed to explain the role of sensory processing sensitivity on multiple sclerosis with the meditation of risk full decision making.

 Methods and Materials:

 The research method was descriptive and the design was a correlation of the kind of structural equation modeling. The statistical population was patients with MS Society in Tehran. 200 were selected by convenience sampling. Highly Sensory Processing Sensitivity Scale (HSPS); Iowa gamble Task (IGT); and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were used to collect the data.

analysis showed that there were significant correlations between and sensory processing sensitivity with multiple sclerosis and risk full decision making.  According to the results of the mediation؛, the effect of sensory processing sensitivity on multiple sclerosis was moderated by the risk full decision making.

As a result of structural equation sensory processing sensitivity risk full decision making, and multiple sclerosis according to indicators of fitness is good.

The need for belonging has multiple and lasting effects on emotional patterns, cognitive processing, and optimal psychological functioning, and its low levels are associated with mental and physical illness. Interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior considers thwarted of interpersonal needs as the basis for suicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and Item-Response Characteristics of Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) in Non-clinical Sample of students.

Methods and Materials: 

In a descriptive-correlation and validation study, 216 and 226 graduate students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad selected through Convenience Sampling method. Data were collected using the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10), and Basic Need Satisfaction in Relationships Scale (BNS-RS). Internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, divergent validity, discrimination and threshold parameters and Item and test information curves were analyzed.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-10) had two-factor structure with the variance explained 74.10%. The confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. The scale had good construction reliability. The divergent validity confirmed in relation to basic need satisfaction in relationships (P≤0.01). There was non-significant difference based on gender (P>0.05).

It seems that the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire has a good reliability and validity in Non-clinical Sample of students and can be used in studies on the effect of contextual factors on suicide in students.

Marital infidelity refers to any emotionally or sexual or virtual relationship beyond the framework of a committed relationship between two spouses, which is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability and continuity of married life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to Comparison of the effectiveness of Commitment-Building Counseling Package and Emotionally-Focused Couple Therapy on marital boredom and forgiveness of women with virtual infidelity.

Methods and Materials:

 Research method in terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method, quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design of two experimental groups and one group
The witness was accompanied by a follow-up test. From the community of married women with the experience of virtual infidelity in Isfahan, 45 people were selected by the available method and were randomly divided into three groups using the method. Marital boredom questionnaire (Pins, 1996) and interpersonal forgiveness questionnaire (Ehteshamzadeh, 2009) were used. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results of the analysis both commitment-making and emotionally-oriented couple therapy methods were effective in reducing marital boredom and forgiveness of women with virtual infidelity, and commitment-building Counseling package had a more significant effect (p <0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that the use of both commitment-making and emotion-oriented couple therapy methods to improve marital boredom and forgiveness of women with virtual infidelity experience has been effective and it is suggested to be used as therapeutic and educational approaches.

Women as half of human resources in societies are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable to poverty and discrimination than men. Now, homeless women are exposed to all kinds of injuries due to excessive responsibility, lack of familiarity with some social skills, lack of access to resources and consequently low quality of life, as well as loss of network of relationships and responsibilities of dependents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of homeless women.

The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of homeless women is covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Kalibar city in 1399. From this population, 40 people were selected by purposive sampling and studied. So that 40 women were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (20) and control (20). The data were collected using the Maslow (1992) Psychosocial Security Questionnaire, Arhil & Lu (1990) Happiness and Goldberg (2008) Mental Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

The results showed; Acceptance and commitment therapy has an effect on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of homeless women and increases psychosocial security and happiness and decreases mental health in homeless women (lower score indicates higher mental health).

Therefore, according to the research findings, we can say; Institutions provide the conditions for free psychological interventions, including acceptance and commitment treatment, along with appropriate economic, educational, and cultural support for these families so that homeless women can have a positive assessment of their social status and have favorable conditions.

Binge eating disorder as a psychological disorder commonly leads to confusion and problems for people.  A problem People with binge eating disorder is low capacity of distress tolerance, and this increases the tendency of an individual to Binge eating. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-healing therapy on Distress tolerance in women with bulimia nervosa.

Methods and Materials: 

This study was quasi-experimental (pre-test post-test with the control group). The statistical population of the present study included all women with bulimia nervosa who were referred to specialists and medical centers in Isfahan in 1398. 45 women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed in experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Distress tolerance Simon and Gaherchr (2005) questionnaires. Each of the experimental groups underwent 12 sessions of Michellechr  cognitive-behavioral group therapy, and Marvi and Latifichr  self-healing therapy, but the control group did not receive an educational certificate. Research  data  were analyzed using  Mancova  and chi-square test.

Based on the chi-square test, no significant difference was observed in terms of age, education, and disease duration between the three groups (P <0.05). The results showed that the cognitive-behavioral and self-healing experimental groups were significantly different from the control group in the Distress tolerance variable (P <0.05). Also, self-healing therapy has increased the Tolerance and absorption dimensions and Distress tolerance more than cognitive-behavioral therapy (P < 0.05).

According to this study, cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-healing can be used to increase the Distress tolerance of women with bulimia nervosa. However, self-healing treatment seems to be more than effective cognitive-behavioral therapy in this case.