مجله فیض
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 119، امرداد و شهریور 1400)

Extramarital affairs is one of the main reasons for divorce and disintegration of marital life and ultimately reduce the health of society. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of solution-oriented couple therapy on boredom, marital forgiveness and communication styles of couples affected by extramarital relationships.

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all those who referred to the problem of extramarital affairs of the spouse to the counseling centers of Bahar, Bavar and Elixir in Sari. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method as a sample and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (each containing 15 people). The intervention group underwent 90-minute routine couple therapy in 7 sessions. But no action was taken on the control group. The Pains (1996) Marital Boredom Questionnaire, the Ray et al. (2001) Forgiveness Questionnaire, and the Christensen & Salawai Communication Styles Questionnaire (1984) were administered. Data analysis was performed covariance analysis.

The results showed that the effect of solution-based technique training was on forgiveness (F= 55.63, P<0.001) and on marital boredom (F= 0.85, P<0.001).

Solution-oriented couple therapy focuses on salient, achievable, tangible, and measurable goals and effective on boredom, marital forgiveness and communication styles of couples affected by extramarital relationships.

Changes in anabolic and catabolic hormones are associated with increasing age in old age. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of TRX training on testosterone and cortisol serum levels in elderly men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 16 elderly men with age range of (62.06±1.53) years were selected as a sample and randomly selected in two training groups: TRX and control. There were 8 participants in each group. The experimental group trained in a TRX training program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the intervention to measure serum testosterone and cortisol. Statistical analysis was performed on the surface P<0.05.

The results of paired t-test showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in testosterone levels (P=0.01, t=-0.49) in TRX group. Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that the amount of testosterone in the TRX group increased compared to the control group, but the changes were not significant (P=0.06, F=4.07). Also, no significant change in blood cortisol levels was observed between the two groups (P= 0.20, F=1.77).

It seems that resistance training with body weight can be effective in the increasing the anabolic hormone testosterone in the elderly and reduce the level of the catabolic hormone cortisol, also. Therefore, TRX training is recommended as a suitable training method to increase testosterone levels in the elderly.

Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the bodychr('39')s antioxidant defense. Using antioxidants can have preventative effects on diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Kardeh on blood glucose and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 200 g were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (control, diabetic, treatment (diabetic + receiving biarum bovei hydroalcoholic extract of the plant at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg body per day by gavage for 14 days)). At the end of the study period, fasting blood glucose as well as malondialdehyde levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase heart tissue were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance.

The results showed that serum glucose concentration in the treatment group was significantly lower than the diabetic group (P<0.01). Also, in the treatment group, the level of MDA was significantly lower and the activity of TAC, SOD and GPX enzymes was higher than the diabetic group.

The results of the present study showed that Kardeh hydroalcoholic extract is able to prevent hypertension in diabetic rats and strengthen the antioxidant system of heart tissue.

Regular exercise prevents type 2 diabetes and improves the health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of different exercise training on insulin sensitivity.

To access the scientific researchers, the keywords insulin, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, diabetes, exercise training, exercise, resistance training, aerobic training, and HIIT were searched on PubMed, SID, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. One hundred thirteen articles were found in the initial search of which 17 duplicate articles were removed. Then, 72 unrelated articles from the scope of the review were removed, and finally, the present study was conducted by reviewing 24 articles.

Studies show that different types of exercise increase insulin sensitivity, and some studies have shown that insulin sensitivity will increase even without weight loss.

The present review identifies that aerobic, resistance, HIIT, and combined exercises (of any intensity, duration, and type) lead to increased insulin sensitivity in individuals of any age, gender, BMI, healthy, or with type 2 diabetes or other diseases.

Otosclerosis is a bone deforming disease of the otic capsule. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of stapedotomy on tinnitus in patients with otosclerosis.

Nineteen patients with otosclerosis who suffered from tinnitus and conductive hearing loss and scheduled to undergo stapedotomy were enrolled in the study. The incidence and severity of tinnitus were recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire before and after surgery. Tinnitus scores were compared according to the VAS.

Mean age of patients was 37.3±10.8. Tinnitus disappeared in 47.4% of the cases, improved in 36.8%, and was unchanged in 15.8% of the patients. Mean tinnitus scores before and after the surgery were 6.4±1.9 and 3.1±2.4 respectively. Comparison of the tinnitus score revealed statistically significant improvement in the tinnitus perception of the patients who underwent stapedotomy (P<0.001).

In otosclerotic patients who will undergo stapedotomy for hearing improvement, stapes surgery may improve tinnitus, also.

The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal based and mindfulness-based interventions in modulating food craving, binge eating and losing weight in overweight women.

The current study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-and post-test design, with the control group that was performed in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Forty-five overweight and obese women were selected by convenient sampling. Two Experimental groups received treatment based on mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) and cognitive reappraisal intervention. Subjects completed food craving scale-trait (FCQ-T), and binge eating scale (BES) before and after ending of treatment/waiting. Data was analyzed using covariance analysis.

Results indicated that Mindfulness-based intervention led to significant decrease of Food craving and binge eating (P<0.01); While there was no significant difference between cognitive reappraisal and control groups (P>0.05). Also, Mindfulness-based led to significant decrease of weight loss (P<0.01); While there was no significant difference between cognitive reappraisal and control groups (P>0.05).

According to the results, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based could be an effective and permanent treatment for weight loss and modulating food craving and binge eating by increasing self-regulation capacity, cultivating awareness of internal and external cues and decreasing automatic behaviors.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergo hemodialysis to maintain their health. Hemodialysis has many complications, chronic pain is one of the most common that is associated with some psychological variables, so it is important to find ways to reduce pain in these patients. Accordingly, the present study was performed to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy and aromatherapy on pain intensity in renal patients undergoing hemodialysis.

In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group, among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Zanjan in 1397, 20 patients were purposefully selected and divided into two groups of 10 (receiving Virtual reality treatments combined with aromatherapy were divided into groups over two months in 8 one-hour sessions and control. The NRS-11 numerical scale was used to measure the pain intensity variable. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 using mixed analysis of variance.

The results showed that the mean pain in the experimental group in both post-test and follow-up stages was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001).

Virtual reality therapy along with aromatherapy can considered as an effective treatment method in reducing the pain intensity of renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists and specialists in the field of psychology and counseling use the results of the present study in order to promote patients health.

The general public, including bodybuilders, have been infected with the Covid-19 virus. This study amied to comparison of some anthropometric and physiological characteristics of professional bodybuilders after recovery from Covid-19 disease and their clinical manifestations during exercise.

For this basis, 20 professional bodybuilding athletes in the northwest of the country with an age range of 26-36 years and more than five years of training experience, who suffered from mild to moderate disease of Covid-19 and has recovered in less than 10 days. They had recovered and were selected about four weeks after their infection. Their disease was diagnosed by RT-PCR or CT scan of the lungs, and pre-disease information was available. Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, syncope, tachycardia and respiratory symptoms such as cough, sneezing, sore throat, asthma and bronchial hypersensitivity after infection were evaluated. Also, to measure muscle strength, a test of maximum repetition of chest press and squat was used and skin folds were used to examine body composition, before and after Quid. Correlated t-tests were used to compare strength and body composition before and after the disease.

The results showed that despite not losing weight, LBM decreased significantly and their fat percentage increased (P ≥ 0.005). The results showed that after four weeks the clinical manifestations will return to normal, also.

Covid-19 disease causes changes in the body composition and muscle strength of upper and lower limbs by professional bodybuilders. It takes three to four weeks for the recovered athletes to fully recover, also.

Exercise seems to be effective on factors associated with diseases such as obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval and continuous training on GDF15 and IL6 in overweight men.

The present study is a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. For this purpose, 36 overweight young people in Ahar were selected as a sample and randomly divided into Intense Intensity Exercise (HIIT), Continuous Exercise (MICT) and Control. The training protocol was performed three days a week for eight weeks. 48 hours before the first training session, blood samples were taken from 5 cc of the brachial artery to assess the levels of GDF15 and interleukin 6 by ELISA. The post-test was repeated exactly with the pre-test conditions. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the mean of IL6 was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.029) so that the mean of IL-6 in the control group was significantly higher than the other two groups and in the HIIT group was significantly higher than the MICT group. Another result is the lack of significant difference in mean GDF15 between the three groups.

The results of this study showed that performing HIIT and MICT exercises can improve the cardiovascular status of overweight people by changing the factors affecting cardiovascular conditions such as GDF-15 and IL-6. There is no difference in the use of the two exercises, also.

Recent research has shown that there is a relationship between exercise and pain threshold and exercise can change the pain threshold. Also, some researchers claim that there is a relationship between the type and intensity of exercise and pain relief. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on inflammatory pain threshold changes in male rats.

In this experimental study, 25 healthy male rats weighing 200-300 g were selected and divided into two experimental groups (aerobic training and resistance training) and a control group. Pre-test and post-test of inflammatory pain threshold was measured by formalin test (pain measurement) and pain test due to stimulation of nerve terminals (tail flick) was performed on the groups. Then, the two experimental groups performed the exercise training program for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using one- way ANOVA at (P <0.05).

There is a significant difference between the effects of the two training methods (P <0.05). The inflammatory pain threshold was increased in the aerobic group in the Tail-Flick test. But in formalin test, no significant difference was observed between the groups (P <0.05).

Based on the findings of this study, aerobic exercise is effective in increasing the pain threshold. The reducing effects of aerobic exercise on the production of inflammatory factors can be effective and lead to the inflammatory analgesic effect in the animal model. Therefore, further research in this area is recommended.

The medical importance of the German cockroach in urban areas is increasing. Today, researchers are working to find environmentally friendly insecticides. In this study, laboratory toxicity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils was evaluated against German cockroaches.

The plant essential oils were obtained through hydro-distillation using a clevenger type apparatus. Then, filter papers were dipped in prepared 1.8, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5 and 75 µg/m2 concentrations of mentioned essential oils and placed in the environment of male cockroaches to determine and compare their toxicity.

The results of regression probit analysis on cockroach mortality data after 24 hours showed that in both lavender and rosemary essential oils, the mortality rates of cockroaches increased with increasing essential oil concentrations. The insecticidal effect of lavender essential oil (LD50: 32.54 µg/m2) higher than rosemary essential oil (LD50: 35.97 µg/m2) that lavender essential oil exerted its insecticidal effect in a lower dose than rosemary essential oil.

Considering that the LDs50 of lavender and rosemary essential oils are much lower than current doses of chemical insecticides and due to the fact that the emergence of the phenomenon of resistance, It seems that the essential oils of plants such as lavender and rosemary can be good alternatives to chemical insecticides in the pest control program in the future.

Pneumonia is among the most important causes of mortality and disability in adults. Recently is recognized that vitamin D has a role in multiple immune pathway, has stimulant effects on immune system and facilitate anti-microbial phenomena of innate immune system. This study aimed to investigation of the effect of vitamin D deficiency and its administration on clinical course of bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized patients.

This study was performed on 120 patients with pneumonia who were randomly allocated into two groups of 60 intervention (antibiotic + vitamin D) and control (antibiotic + placebo). Vitamin D levels were measured in all patients at the beginning of admission. Changes in clinical and hemodynamic findings were assessed at baseline and 48 and 96 hours after the start of the intervention, also. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using one-way ANOVA, mixed analysis of variance and independent t-test.

The results showed that the mean respiratory rate in the intervention group after 48 hours was significantly lower than the control group, but the mean duration of symptoms improvement was not significantly different between the two groups.

The results of the present study showed that vitamin D deficiency affects and exacerbates the vital and hemodynamic signs of patients with bacterial pneumonia, although   vitamin D replacement therapy may correct some of these findings. However, more extensive studies with longer follow-up and higher doses of vitamin D are recommended.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most prevalent childrenchr('39')s neoplasm and some of which still do not respond to common treatments and is an ideal candidate for NK cell immune therapy. In this research, we have performed cytokine activation of NKs by using proper interleukins to obtain more cytolysis which was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Isolation of NKs from human peripheral blood was performed using CD56 marker via magnetic activated cell sorter (MACS). The IL-2 and IL-15 cytokines were used for proliferation, and IL-21 for activation of cells. The neuroblastoma model was developed using the SK-N-SH cell line in Nude mice. The in vitro effect of the NKs on the two neuroblastoma lines were assessed after activation and via flow cytometry confirmation.

The results showed that at the ratio of 1:10 the IL-21 activated NKs lysed 94% of the SK-N-SH and 91% of the CHLA-255 cell lines (P<0.05), in spite of the only 40% and 38% of lysis for these cell lines without activation (P<0.05), respectively. The NKs activated by IL-21 were able to eliminate 70% (P<0.05) of the xenograft neuroblastoma tumors in nude mice.

The present investigation was showed that the activation of NK cells using IL-21 can be useful in the treatment of neuroblastoma and could be applied in future clinical trials.