Iranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

Many studies have certified the relationship between stock return and trade capacity, however, the results about the effects of this variable’s volatilities in trade volume have been contradictory (Chen 2001). According to the contradictory results of practical studies in this case, the distinction of the asymmetrical stock return impacts and the inspection of their effects in trade volume will lead to more precise results. In this research the asymmetrical influences of stock return shocks over the trade capacity of Tehran’s stock during the period 90:1-95:12 was surveyed by the use of monthly time series. For this purpose the shocks of stock return is extracted after the static examination of variables and at the final section the positive and negative shocks influences of stock return over the stock trade quantities is inspected via the Johanson Co-integration technique and Wald test the results show by the verification of positive and negative asymmetrical effects of stock return in stock trade quantities. In this context in Iran’s capital market for the issued period, stock return includes two different growth mean of 5,4 and 11,7 of two regimes which contain the integration coefficients of 0,15 and 0,07 successively which illustrates the larger negative shocks in stock return and it can be implied that the high stock return rate is not the sponsor of country’s capital market’s productivity.

The relationship between financial reporting quality and corporate performance in the imperfect Iranian market is very important for investors, such that one of the main concerns of shareholders is to be informed about corporate performance. On the other hand, information is provided to stakeholders through financial reports and facilitates investment decisions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of financial reporting quality on corporate performance in Iran where this relationship between financial reporting quality criteria and corporate performance has not been investigated yet. In order to test these relationships, 80 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2006 - 2014 were studied and analyzed. In this study, three separate methods (contingent income, accrual items, and accruals quality of working capital) and a composite method used to evaluate the quality of financial reporting and in order to calculate the corporate performance, we used the economic and market value added. The results show that the improvement of reporting quality increases the economic value added according to Dechow and Dichev (2002) models. No relationship found between different criteria of financial reporting quality and the market value added. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of financial reporting quality oncorporate performance in Iran. To test hypotheses, data of all listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange were analyzed during a period from 2008-2016. In this study, three separate methods (contingent income, accrual items, accruals quality of working capital) used to evaluate the quality of financial reporting and in order to calculate corporate performance, we used the economic and market value added.The results show that the improvement of reporting quality increases the economic value added according to Dechow and Dichev(2002) models. No relationship found between different criteria of financial reporting quality and the market value added.

The purpose of this research is to investigate and identify the skills, knowledge, and attitudes required by today's auditors in Iran. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed among the auditors of audit firms located in Mashhad to determine the significance of the skills identified for the efficiency of auditors and the performance of auditors in each of the skills. For data analysis, the exploratory factor analysis and the T test student were used. The results show that the most important skills required from the auditors' point of view are accounting and auditing practices, mastery of accounting and auditing standards and regulations, and honesty. The 37 of the examined skills were categorized into 6 groups, which were titled as the communication and decision-making competency, technical and functionality competency, planning and future planning competency, organizational perception competency, subjective competency, and professional competency. The greatest gap is between the performance and the importance of planning and foresight competency and the shortest gap is between performance and the importance related to the competence of organizational perception. Moreover, the results indicate that auditors have a good performance in complying with legal requirements and paying attention to ethical values and ethics. The findings show the need for review in the areas of accounting and auditing to improve the auditor's competencies through adding courses entitled, communication’s skills of the vocabulary, audio and writing in the course syllabus, and using the apprenticeship course at different levels of education.

The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence concerning the relationship between the education of accounting graduates and the industry, with particular emphasis on their knowledge and skills in accounting degree programs. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were analyzed and used in order to examine the relationship between the skills of accounting graduates and the needs of employers. It was found that in certain areas, accounting graduates are lacking in technological skills, analytical skills, and writing skills. The evidence is provided that employers are more positive concerning the use of technical skills in the workplace than students. The implication of the results is that graduates do not realize the importance of technology skills and this raises the question whether technology skills should be increased in graduate programs in accounting or not. It is recommended that the application of International Accounting Education Standards (IAES) can help improve the quality of accounting education in many accounting institutions since the IAES aims to bridge the gap between educational institutes and the industry in the accounting field. A few studies have been carried out in Cyprus in this area and the article can act as a base for future research in accounting education.

In line with the knowledge-based economy development, intellectual capitals playa vital role in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. In the context of developing economy, cost management is taken into consideration as one of the most important strategies to attain financial success and organizational performance within the competitive market. Since intellectual capital and cost characteristics management are among the factors leading to the improvement of financial performance indicators among companies, and considering the fact that these terms can function as improving the efficiency and effectiveness in assumed organizations along with perceiving that organizational culture is one of the fundamental fields of organizational change and transform, the present study is developed to examine the association between intellectual capital and cost characteristics with a focus on mediating effect of organizational culture among the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and over the counter.To this end, the information pertinent to 168 companies for8 years from 2010 to 2017 were used.To test the research hypotheses, the present study made use of the multivariateregression method based on mixed data. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and organizational culture as well as cost characteristics. In addition, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and cost characteristics. Ultimately, it was found that the effect of organizational culture (as the mediator variable) in the relationship between intellectual capital and cost characteristics is significant.Organizational culture models play a key role in increasing managers’awareness and organizational practitioners. It is necessary that organizational managers, particularly in developing countries pave the way for the increased efficiency and organizational effectiveness by referring to mixed models and developing strategic studies with respect to the confirmation of these models.

Transaction costs in financial markets is an important item of the cost, therefore, these costs would convince corporate executives to attempt to maintain cash assets. On the other hand, the presence of information asymmetry between managers and investors (actual and potential) in the capital market has also caused some limitations; hence, establishing some precautionary motives for the company’s liquidity demand can be a criterion for the action. Thus in this research, we study the implications of insufficient and excess cash for the future performance of chemical and pharmaceutical companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. We start by estimating the optimal cash of chemical and pharmaceutical companies, then we investigate the effects of deviation from the estimated optimal cash on the future performance of these companies. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 30 listed chemical and pharmaceutical companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange was studied in the period between2010and 2016.A total of 210 cases was observed, among which 100 cases were related to the companies with excess cash and 110 cases to the companies with insufficient cash. The statistical method used in this research is the multiple regressions. Four hypotheses suggested in order to reach the objectives of the study, all of which were confirmed. The result of the hypothesis testing shows that a higher cash balance than the estimated ideal level in chemical and pharmaceutical companies would yield a positive return on operational assets and abnormal return in the future. Meanwhile, a lower cash balance than the estimated ideal level in chemical and pharmaceutical companies would lead to a negative return on operational assets and abnormal return in the future.

Financial information disclosure of the annual reports is considered as a key area for accounting research and many research is conducted on this issue both in the developed and developing countries. In this research, we examined the elements that affect the voluntary disclosure of the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. For the purpose of this study five variables are examined: Age, Size, profitability, complexity of business, and assets in place. A multi variable model was examined for a 7-year period (2011-2017). Our results show that there is a significant association between profitability and complexity and the disclosure level. However, there is an insignificant relationship between firm size, asset in place and firm age, and the level of voluntary disclosure.