نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Desipramine on morphine dependence and inhibition of reinstatement using the Conditioned Place Preferences (CPP) test in mice.

In this study, two protocols were used to evaluate morphine dependency and reinstatement: In one of these protocols, 40 mice were equally assigned into 8 groups of normal saline, normal saline/morphine, three groups of morphine/DES (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day with morphine 40 mg/kg) and three groups of DES (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg). The time spent in the black and white compartments was calculated on day 3 and 8. In the next step, 20 mice were equally divided into 4 groups: one received normal saline/morphine and the other three groups received morphine/DES at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d. In the other protocol, animals underwent a period of abstinence, then, they received 10 mg/kg morphine as a reminder dose in order to elucidate morphine reinforcement. Finally, the time spent in white and black box were calculated.

The results confirmed animals addiction following morphine administration (40 mg/kg for four days), in CPP apparatus. In the first protocol, DES at 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly reduced morphine tendency. In the second protocol, DES at 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly reduced morphine reinstatement. But, DES 12.5 mg/kg did not commit morphine reinstatement.

The results confirmed that DES 25 and 50 mg/kg prohibited morphine tendency and reinstatement.

The occurrence of breach of contract has an important role in causing psychological problems and causes psychological helplessness and instability of marital relationships. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on psychological helplessness of women affected by extramarital affairs.

The present study was performed in a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women affected by extramarital affairs who had referred to the Birjand Education Counseling Center in the second half of 1398. Among them, 30 women were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Prior to the educational intervention, pre-test was performed in both groups. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire by Lavibund and Lavibund (1995). The method of performing the compassion-therapy intervention was training in 8 sessions for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any training. Then post-test was taken from both groups. Hypotheses were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.

Compassion-based treatment was effective in reducing psychological helplessness in women affected by extramarital affairs and the mean score of psychological helplessness in the experimental group was lower than the control group (P <0.05).

Compassion-based treatment is effective in reducing the psychological helplessness of women affected by extramarital affairs of the spouse (P < 0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, it is suggested that compassionate therapy intervention be used to reduce the psychological problems of women affected by extramarital affairs.

Pharmacotherapy is a cheap, accessible and non-invasive treatment that can be used in the first hours after the nerve injury. Although using some drugs after nerve injury accelerates the nerve repair process. But their functional outcomes are still not satisfactory. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of methylprednisolone (MP) administration on maintaining the regenerative capacity of the distal segment of the transected sciatic nerve in conditions of delayed nerve repair.

The sciatic nerve of male rats (250-300 g) was transected and the animals were interaperitoneally administrated MP succinate (2 mg/kg, n=8) and saline (control group, n=8) for 1 month. In the sham group (Control group, n=5), the sciatic nerve was only exposed. After 1 month, the transected nerve was repaired. Fourteen weeks after surgical repair, morphometric and electron microscopic evaluations were performed on the nerve.

In the present study, the mean axonal cross-section area, myelinated fiber diameter, axonal diameter and myelin thickness were significantly higher in the MP distal segment compared to that of the control group (P<0.01). Also, the majority of the fibers in the MP group had a normal myelin sheath and normal Schwann cell nuclei in the electron micrographs.

The results of this study showed that, in the situations that immediate nerve repair using surgery is not possible, methylprednisolone administration preserves the axonal regenerative capacity of the distal segment of the transected nerve.

The interest in ziziphus jujube is growing in the world because it is an excellent source of nutrients and chemicals and has traditionally been used as an anticoagulant, sedative, anticancer, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, antispasmodic, and Antioxidants are used. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select the best extract with the highest antimicrobial effect for extracting the ziziphus jujube, to produce medicinal products of plant origin with maximum effectiveness and minimal side effects.

Ethanolic, methanolic, aqueous and dichloromethane extracts of ziziphus jujube were prepared by maceration method, and in order to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the extracts, we used Agar Disk Test and Agar well Test method. In order to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration, 96 well microplates were used to obtain effective concentrations for the removal and inhibition of the desired microorganisms in different extracts.

Analysis of Agar Disk Test and Agar well Test methods data showed that the tested extracts had no significant effect on the tested bacteria / fungi and no growth inhibition zone was observed around the disk and wells. The results of (MIC / MBC / MFC) indicated that (100 mg / mL) concentration of all aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and dichloromethane extracts had no effects on the Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans and we need higher concentrations.

Aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of jujube fruit did not show significant antibacterial and antifungal effects compared to positive control (chlorhexidine and nystatin, amoxicillin).

Life skills education helps to promote the mental health of young people in life dimensions and is one of the most basic preventive programs at the first level. The purpose of study was the effectiveness of life skills education based on Quranic verses on religious orientation and general health of students.

This study is a randomized Controlled clinical trial. In the first stage, sampling was done in an improbable and purposeful method, and in the second stage, the allocation of individuals in two groups was performed as a controlled clinical trial using the envelope allocation method. First, interested students in the girlschr('39') dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were asked to complete the questionnaires of religious orientation and public health and 30students who gained the highest scores were selected and randomly assigned in two groups. The obtained data were analyzed with statistical method Analysis of Covariance by using SPSSv25.

At the end of the study, there was a significant difference between the mean of the general health score of two group (P<0.001).whereas there was no significant difference between the means of the two groups in religious orientation (P=0.26).

Educational intervention of life skills with the orientation of Quranic verses was effective in the general health of students. While it had no effect on the religious orientation of students. So, counselors and professionals of mental health can help students by using Quranic verses in teaching life skills.

Research shows that revenge is one of the most common deviant behavior in nurses. The aim of the present study was to identify the consequences of nurseschr('39') organizational revenge in public hospitals in North Khorasan.

This qualitative study was done in 2019 by using the conventional (Graneheim & Lundman) content analysis approach. Participants included experienced Supervisors, district managers and nurses of North Khorasan public hospitals. With purposeful sampling of Snowball sampling method type, 18 people were selected. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews. In the present study, the reliability model of Lincoln and Guba was used for validation. Content analysis and coding were used for data analysis.

After analyzing the interviews, 34 unique meaningful codes were identified, and classified into 7 main concepts or factors. The results show that the consequences of nurseschr('39') organizational revenge include: "Vulnerability of working life", "Decreasing public trust in hospital services", "Vulnerability of personal life", "Reducing the quality of patient care", "Reducing work conscience", "obstructionism and sabotage", "Financial damage to the system".

The results of this study can help managers to reduce deviant behaviors, especially revenge, to increase vitality and vitality in the hospital environment, improve the quality of patient care and peoplechr('39')s trust in the countrychr('39')s treatment system.

The aim of this study was to identify the precursors, strategies and consequences of a healthy lifestyle with emphasis on sports activity of the elderly based on data theory.

The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data search and based on data theory and in terms of data analysis method is exploratory in which data collection is field Done. The statistical population of the study included all scientific and experimental experts with research and work experience in the field of the elderly. The statistical sample was selected as a snowball, which ultimately led to the theoretical saturation of the data with 15 interviews, which was considered as the final sample. Data collection was done through semi-structured and exploratory interviews with experts. Foundation data analysis method (Strauss and Corbin) was used for data analysis.

The findings showed that the concepts obtained from coding signs in the category of predecessors include 14 items in three categories of concepts of personal, organizational and socio-cultural factors, in the category of strategies including 14 items in two categories of hardware and software strategies. Concepts about future consequences including 18 cases were divided into three categories of individual, social and organizational consequences.

The country’s sports managers can use the obtained model to institutionalize a healthy lifestyle with emphasis on sports activities for the elderly.

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In contrast, exercise training has been identified as an effective anti-inflammatory factor. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 12 Weeks endurance training with L-arginine supplementation on the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in postmenopausal hypertensive women.

For this purpose, the 40 postmenopausal women’s (average age of 55.26±2.56 years old, BMI: 28.61±1.18 kg.m2) with hypertension divided in four group including the placebo, L-arginine, training and training + L-arginine groups. Endurance training program conducted for 12 weeks and three session per week. Moreover, L-arginine consumption was 6 g daily. Blood sampling performed in pre and post-test (48 hours after last training session or L-arginine ingestion) stages and IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA method.

Present study results indicated significant intergroup difference for IL-6, TNF-α, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05). The Bonferroni post hoc test indicated significant decrease of IL-6 levels in training group compared to placebo (P=0.044) and L-arginine (P=0.024) groups and also in training + L-arginine group compared to placebo (P=0.001) and L-arginine (P=0.001) groups. TNF-α levels in training (P=0.001) and training + L-arginine (P=0.001) group decreased significantly compared to placebo group. Significant decrease of systolic blood pressure in L-arginine, training and training + L-arginine groups compared to placebo group were observed (P<0.001).

It seems that, decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α have an effective role in down-regulating blood pressure in hypertensive patients and L-arginine can have a synergistic effect on lowering systolic blood pressure with exercise training.

Apoptosis is a regulated process that ensures cell tissue homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of resistance training and consumption of Tribulus terrestris extract on cardiac tissue apoptosis in rats.

In this experimental study, 24 Sprague-Dovali rats with a weight range of 150 to 200 g and a mean age of 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups (control, Tribulus terrestris extract, resistance training and resistance training + Tribulus terrestris). Resistance training program was performed for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Tribulus terrestris extract (100 mg / kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally daily. Expression of caspase-3 BAX and BCL2 of heart tissue was measured by Real time PCR. . Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normality of the findings and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test in SPSS software was used to analyze the findings (P≥0.05).

There was a significant difference between the mean of caspase-3 BAX and BCL2 of cardiac tissue (P ≤ 0.001). (P ≤ 0.001). Also, BAX gene expression was significantly reduced in the resistance training group + thistle compared to the control, tribulus terrestris and resistance training groups (P = 0.002). However, the levels of BCl2 as an anti-apoptotic agent in the resistance training group + tribulus terrestris were significantly increased compared to the control groups, tribulus terrestris and resistance training (P ≤ 0.001).

According to the findings of the present study, it seems that resistance training and tribulus terrestris supplementation can have a preventive effect on cardiac apoptosis by reducing the expression of caspase 3 and BAX gene and increasing BCl2.

As the elderly population grows, so does the prevalence of fall. Designing self-care programs against falls is possible with the right information from the target group. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and behavior of fall prevention in the elderly in day care centers.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on all elderly men and women aged 60 years and over in the adult day care centers of Gilan Province in 2019. The samples were randomly divided into 2 groups control ( n=44) and intervention( n=37). The intervention group were given education on fall and methods of preventing it. Data were collected using the tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that after validity and reliability was completed in three stages, before, Immediately and 5 months after the intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 software and statistical tests of mean and standard deviation, chi-square, independent and paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance All stages of the present study were performed according to ethical standards.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of intervention and control in terms of demographic variables and mean scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior before the intervention. In the intervention group, comparing the mean scores of knowledge in the three stages showed a significant difference, the mean score of attitude 5 months after the intervention increased significantly and mean scores of behavior 5 months after the intervention showed a significant decrease. The significant level was considered at less than 0.05.

Educational intervention is effective in increasing the knowledge and attitude of the elderly about fall and its prevention. It is suggested that other interventions be used in addition to education to improve fall prevention behaviors.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetical disorder resulting of mutation of PAH gene. Early diagnosis and proper dietary regimen play a key role in the control of PKU. Delay of the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate diet may lead to developmental and/or neurological impairments including intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we report a 15 years and 9 month boy which presented with ASD and his younger sister. In the further investigations, he was diagnosed with PKU. After initiation of phenylalanine-restricted diet, his symptoms decreased. The important point is that a missed metabolic disorders including PKU may be the reason of developmental and neurological impairments. So we recommend to assess this patients for metabolic diseases.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been considered as one of the pathogens involved in nosocomial infections. The study of drug resistance and typing of this bacterium is an effective measure to prevent and spread it. This study aimed to detect the mecA gene as well as SCCmec typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from clinical specimens.

After collection, 308 clinical specimens were identified as Staphylococcus aureus isolates by confirmatory tests. Drug susceptibility was assessed by agar screen method and after DNA extraction by PCR, strains with mecA gene were identified and SCCmec typing was performed by multiplex PCR.

Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed resistance to methicillin in the agar screen method, but in the PCR method, 73% of them showed mecA positive gene. The results showed that these six strains were resistant to methicillin in the agar screen test but did not have the mecA gene in the PCR method. The highest percentage of samples belonged to SCCmec IV type (37%) and then belonged to SCCmecIII (31%).

More than 73% of Staphylococcus aureus strains had the mecA gene and 56% of them were registered as hospital-acquired strains.

Journal Club is a novel, effective and essential educational method which is commonly used in medical education and is one of the most important components of the evidence-based education. Considering its simple implementation, cost-effectiveness and no need for special equipment, it is widely acknowledged as one of the most favorite educational programs. Despite its importance application in clinical education, there is a few research on how this can affect clinical practice in Iran. According to recent evidence, meetings quality is inadequate and were not as powerful as expected to be presented as an effective and productive movement in evidence-based education. Holding journal clubs would be most beneficial and serve as turning point in research and education, when statistics and epidemiology specialists are properly employed. This can raise new challenges and provide a proper background for creativity and productivity. What makes this educational method to be crucial and valuable, is that it can present up-to-date worldwide researches with high quality and evidence-based approach. Nowadays, clinical science is facing a major gap between research and clinical aspect which may reduce the power of both areas. Any measure taken to hold a structural evidence-based journal club is as essential as clinical interventions on human. Thus, this educational method could be a constructive tool to reduce the so-called gap.

Suicide attempt is self-destructive, Consciously and purposefully is increasing among women. This study aims Comparison of the effectiveness of two therapeutic approaches Integrative and Commitment and acceptance psychotherapy on Cognitive fusion was performed on women.

The current research is a quasi-experimental with pre-experimental-post-experimental study with a follow up design. The statistical population of the present study included all women with suicide attempts in north Khorasan who were hospitalized in 2020. The sample of the study included 16 subjects who selected through random sampling as well as inclusion criteria and assigned randomly into two experimental groups (8 people in each group). Acceptance and commitment therapy package and integrated treatment protocol accomplished in eight 90-minutes sessions individually every week. The research tool was questionnaire of cognitive fusion by Gillanders and colleague (2010). Data were collected in three stages before the intervention, at the end of the intervention and after two months. Data were analyzed using of multivariate covariance and tests using SPSS-26.

The results showed that both treatments effect on cognitive fusion but there isn’t significant difference between the two treatments (F=1.578, P<0.230, eta=0.101).

Education Integrated treatment and acceptance and commitment therapy an effect on the cognitive fusion of women who attempted suicide. Reduces cognitive fusion and increased cognitive deficits in women. Therefore Such training can prevent and reduce suicide attempts in women.

Osteosarcomas are primary malignant tumors of bone including osteoid or imma ture bone cells. Most of time it is located in long bones among adolescence ages. It is rarely located in the cervical spine.

The author presents a rare occurrence of a cervical spine osteosarcoma that developed in a young boy. The location of the tumor at C5-6 was confirmed by MRI, and a paravertebral mass like lesion in T2 weighted images. The tumor induced vertebral body collapse with disc material destruction. The tumor was incompletely resected, with signs and symptoms of disease progression only some weeks later.

Although reports of osteosarcoma originating from the vertebral body is not uncommon, but in cervical area and a rapid progression like this is incredible. Multidisciplinary team based approach to such rare cases is the best way to possible overcoming disease.