فصلنامه ادبیات و زبانهای محلی ایران زمین
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 32، تابستان 1400)

One of the approaches for analyzing literary texts is semiotics. Persian literary texts can be investigated from different aspects of semiotics such as; aesthetics, intertextual relations, indigenous-local forms and signs. Poets and authors are influenced by their environment and the signs of this vulnerability are reflected in the works. Houshang Jafari is one of the Azeri poets in Zanjan city, describing the local elements. The effect of these features in the mind and language reflected with indigenous-local signs. Due to the wide range of semiotics, our goal in this research is to analyse the signs of the author of the work, signs of nature and indigenous environmental and social and cultural signs in Turkish poetry of Houshang Jafari. It is assumed that the poet has gained the content of his poems from native-local character.The results of the research indicate that poems of Houshang Jafari are: a treasure of local elements in the form of native manners, nature, beliefs, customs and traditions, proverbs and irony. In this article, a descriptive-analytical method is used to analyse the indigenous-local signs.

Mythology appears to be a kind of intellectual school which explains the existence and the presence of mythological of humans in the text rather than a method for the study of ancient rituals and stories. Regarding, those texts which have maintained the signs of mythological rituals until now. What those signs are and how they refer to the hero seem to be the main question of this article. Bakhtiari songs have passed their own long lives throughout the Iranian culture and then we have gained them; Recognition of the secret achieving and initiation of ritual explained by Mircea Eliade and Joseph Campbell, are represented in traditional songs of Bakhtiari with reasoned differences. According to these researchers, recognition of secret introduces structural organizations, while they are not obvious in micronarratives of Bakhtiari songs; therefore, scattered signs of recognition of secret and hero in love’s travel should be recognized and gathered by the researcher.  Thus, the existential situation and experiences of the lover is suspended and endless and this suspension which has rooted in collective subconscious is the main concern of the hero. In this article, some examples of Bakhtiari songs in the works of Masud Bakhtiari have been interpreted based on their capacity of mythological narratives. Most of the songs belong to Masud Bakhtiari himself and a few of them have been taken from Bakhtiari folklore by Masud Bakhtiari.

The syntactic marker "ra" in Persian and some Iranian languages was discussed in various sources from different viewpoints. Some linguists have studied the historical development of this marker from ancient Persian to the present day. Mazandarani is an Iranian varnacular which has retained many lexical and syntactic features of medieval and even ancient Iranian languages. In this article, the syntactic behavior of “ra” as a function marker of noun has been investigated and then, various functions of “ra” in contemporary Mazandarani have been compared with its historical development in Persian. Research data have been extracted from some old and new written sources of Mazandarani as well as through the field method from some Mazandarani native speakers or the author's linguistic knowledge as a native speaker of that area. A survey on data from Mazandarani dialect, shows that today, “ra” is used as a direct object marker, indirect object marker, and dative marker in this language. Syntactic behavior of "ra" in Mazandarani, as an Iranian language, confirms the existing theory about the historical development of "ra" in Persian. However, in many cases today, in Mazanderani, (ĵā-) and its various forms have been replaced for “ra” as indirect object marker and “ra” is less frequently used as dative marker. So it can be predicted that in recent future, “ra” will be stabilized as direct object marker.

Tabasi dialect is the vernacular spoken in Tabas, one of the cities in Khorasan province, Iran. In the present article, the aim is to study some phonological processes of this variety. The data were gathered by field study and written sources. The data from field study were collected via interviews with the local informants settled in Tabas. The informants age ranged between 30 to 80 years. Generally, the results showed that the process of "elision" and "assimilation", “metathesis” and “prothesis” are some of the phonological ones in this variety. Other phonological processes in this variety are mentioned as well. In Tabasi dialect, deletion of the final consonants /d/, /m/, /n/, /t/, /k/, /z/; deletion of the final vowel [y]; addition of a vowel at the beginning of a cluster consonant; changing the phonetic group [ān] and [ām] to [u(n)] and [um]; exchanging the two phonemes [āb] and [ab] and [af] and [āy] and [āv] and the compound vowel [əw] are some of the phonological processes.

Mythic themes have an outstanding position in the folktales of the Bakhtiyarie and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad people. Of significant themes one can refer to a horse, especially Pegasus, metamorphosis – transformation of a human being to an animal and vice versa - mountain, demons and fairies, and strange animals. In this research, thirty stories from the local stories of these tribes; The legends of the lords, the folktales of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, the legends of Bakhtiari, My Bukhara My tribe, and The satire and epic of Boyer-Ahmadi have been selected and studied and analyzed. The results suggest that the most important themes in the selection of tales include the presence of demons and fairies, Pegasus, mountain, human to animal metamorphosis, and description of strange animals. Also, the majority of the mythic themes amongst these races are the residue of the myths in the culture of the ancient Iran. It is worth mentioning that there are some of the similar instances in the Ferdowsi's Shahname.

The poetry and literature of any nation, as one of the indices of its culture and civilization, can be a mirror of the society and history of its time. Lori Mamasani's dialect poem has easily been able to depict many of the social, cultural, political and economic symbols of the people. The economic components, which are one of the important subsets of a nation's social identity due to its very important and undeniable role in the livelihood of the Mamasani’s people, have been able to be widely and realistically used. But it is reflected in the literary form of native poetry, hidden aspects of analysis and explained the social identity of this region. This study emphasized the poems of Ahmad Ansari Fahliani, based on the selection of verses related to economic components, as well as their Persian transliteration and meaning. These analyzed these native elements and showed their place in Mamasani native poetry.