مجله توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار و تابستان 1400)

Urban development is an important economic and social phenomenon that has a great impact on the performance of ecological systems. Today, the rapid growth of cities and greater mastery of the environment have led to faster and more widespread environmental change. Therefore, the analysis of the pattern of urban development by using measurement techniques and the measurements of the face of the Land play an important role in the management and planning of cities and reduce environmental degradation. In this regard, the present study examines the growth and development patterns of the city of Maragheh and parts of its surroundings to provide corrective measures to improve its ecological processes. In this regard, initially land use maps for 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016 were prepared using Landsat satellite images. In order to analyze the changes, land use metrics have been used and to determine the scattered urban growth, the Holdern method has been used. The results of the Holdern model show that between 1986 and 2016, only 34% of the growth of Maragheh city was due to population growth and 66% was related to other factors such as (land exchange, land transfer outside the city limits). Also, the trend of changes in metrics in different time periods has shown a decrease in continuity and integration in land uses as well as a decrease in the internal growth pattern and consequently an increase in the external Creep of Maragheh city; Therefore, it can be concluded that the pattern of urban growth has been balanced horizontally by destroying orchids and fertile agricultural lands and natural resources and replacing them with the texture of scattered and incoherent urban and rural neighborhoods.

In the last three decades, the use of institutional capacity to achieve urban-regional development has become at the forefront of the development plans of the countries of the world, however, this has been neglected in less developed countries such as Iran. These institutions, as actors of development, play an important role in spatial developments on a territorial scale In this study, the city of Bojnourd has been studied to first assess the capacity of institutions in it and then to analyze the impact of these capacities on the process and institutionalization of regional development. The statistical population of this study consists of employees of institutions who have more awareness and knowledge than the capacity of their institutions and 400 of them were randomly selected. The results obtained through a questionnaire and using a single independent sample T-test show that the institutional capacity of Bojnourd city in all items with a total of 2.63 is at a low level. And none of the components have reached the average of 3. Similarly, these components have not been able to have a positive effect on regional development, with the highest impact on the "vital resources" component at 2.78 points and the lowest impact on the "material and physical resources" component at 2.36 points. Finally, it is suggested to use specialized forces in areas related to their knowledge and to prevent the loss of human capital against non-specialist activities.

Discourse Analysis of a Modern city:Representation of shanty town and the advent physical textureGiven post structuralism and Michel Foucault school of thoughts, the present study aims to overview the emergence of modern city in Ahvaz, genealogically. Foucault argues that “we must conceive discourse as a violence that we do to things, or, at all events, as a practice we impose upon them”. It can be declared that city, as a spatial-social reality, is the product of particular discourses. We conceive and interpret the objects (places) only through discursive relations, to the degree that the identity of a certain person or a certain place is established through power-knowledge relations, linguistic signs, otherness, antagonism, exclusion, etc. The result indicates that the essence of Iranian modern city has come to existence through special discourse. And the identity of city has been on the presence of the "others". Initially, the story and process of "becoming" a modern city in Iran has taken its physical frame based on centralization. On the contrary, the "others" has condemned and represented itself in various labels such as shanty town. Therefore, the identical basis of current cities in Iran is taken into account as an inevitable and absolute fact.

Suburban settlements are one of the obvious consequences of urban development in which rural-urban migration and urban migration play a key role. Suburbanization is defined as the growth of urbanization in the surrounding areas and the process of converting residential areas with a rural to urban nature. The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the growth of suburban settlements in Birjand. The type of research is based on the purpose, application and research method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by library and survey method. The statistical population of heads of households in six villages of Pirashahr, Birjand, including 6423 resident households, 156 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. The sampling method is probabilistic and stratified random. The data obtained from the survey of heads of households in the study area were analyzed by Spss and smartpls software. The results show that of the 4 factors extracted, the most important factor in the growth of suburban settlements is the economic factor with an impact factor (0.783), the second factor, the social factor with an impact factor (0.152), the third factor, the physical factor with Impact coefficient (0.40) and the fourth factor is environmental factor with impact factor (0.099). In the field of economic factors; Cheap land and housing prices, in terms of social factors; Existence of security in the field of physical factors; Improvement and strengthening of houses, residential construction and villa construction, and in the field of environmental factors, clean climate, calm and quiet environment has had the greatest impact on the growth of suburban settlements in Birjand.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic viability in rural areas of Malekan city. The present research is exploratory in terms of exploratory purpose, descriptive-analytical method and applied research in terms of orientation. Library-field methods (observation and questionnaire) have been used to collect the required data and information. To rank the villages in terms of economic viability using the SAW method, 12 villages within a radius of 5 km of Malekan city were selected, which according to the 2016 census had a population of 29709 people and 9601 households, using the Cochran's formula, 154 rural households as Samples were selected. In order to study the mentalities regarding the effective factors in the economic viability of the suburban villages of Malekan city, the combined method of Q (Q) and exploratory factor analysis were used. The number of participants in this study was 19 specialists, experts and rural managers who responded to 30 research statements. The results showed that Laklar villages with a final score of 0.100, Tazeh Qaleh with a final score of 0.097 and Abbasabad with a final score of 0.095 are in the first to third ranks in terms of economic viability and the most important factors influencing the difference Spatial areas of villages in terms of economic viability are: 1) ease of access to the city and the existence of sufficient water resources with a specific amount of 4.28 and a value of variance of 26.76, 2) the existence of acceptable economic development, 3) environmental uniformity and labor efficiency And the existence of educational facilities and 4) the existence of job opportunities, the possibility of processing horticultural products and social security.

What makes planning for Tehran's suburban and protection of these lands imperative is the problems associated with the growth of Tehran's metropolitan area, the emergence and rapid growth of suburban settlements within the area, so that some form of instability in various social dimensions, Management has become a fixture in this area and has made Tehran's suburban a national and local issue, so planning and managing suburban protection is of utmost importance. The purpose of this article is to investigate the issue of suburban and its challenges in different aspects of Tehran. The research type is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. EDAS and WASPAS methods were used for data analysis. The results of EDAS method show that management, environmental and economic factors are respectively the most important challenges facing Tehran's suburban. In the indicators section, the results of the WASPAS model show that in the economic sector, the low economic capacity of residents for any kind of economic participation - in the management sector, lack of management integration in the use of private lands; Supervision of construction - in terms of laws and regulations, lack of coherent and coordinated planning, management and control laws; The current situation is Tehran's suburban.

Development programs are prepared with the aim of improving the living standards of citizens (improving resources, opportunities and empowering society as a whole) in countries. The present article has been compiled with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the Fifth Plan strategies on the development of rural areas around the metropolis of Karaj. The statistical population of the study is the villages of Nazarabad city in which 355 people were determined using Cochran's formula as the sample size and they were sampled using stratified-random method. Documentary and field methods (questioning technique and questionnaire tools) have been used to collect data and information. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, binomial test, regression, factor analysis and path analysis in SPSS software were used. Based on the research findings, it has been concluded that the final development index in the studied villages affected by the strategies (rural development) of the Fifth Plan has not had a positive development trend. A one-dimensional view in practice caused only the physical-civil dimension to have more suitable conditions especially in the development of infrastructure. Other components affecting the final indicators of development such as (improvement of environmental services, improvement of environmental quality, protection of cultural heritage, social capital, institutional capacity building, and welfare of local community, social responsibility, economic justice and stability Economic) have not been able to directly affect it and have only an indirect effect on the final index by upgrading the infrastructure.

Rural settlements, as part of geographical systems, are constantly changing in various economic, social and physical dimensions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of urban-rural connection with emphasis on economic developments in suburban areas of Sanandaj. The descriptive-analytical method is of field type. The statistical population includes 11 villages around Sanandaj with 8117 households, the sample size of which was determined based on Cochran. To examine the research questions, the opinions of 15 experts in the fields of rural planning and economics have been used. In data analysis, SPSS software was used to center-oriented indicators (mean, standard deviation, and variance) and GIS software to draw the effects of urban and rural links. The results showed that although all items had a high weighted average coefficient, four items more than other items such as the flow of goods and services, land exchange, immigration and income (capital) had a higher impact factor. In general, the villages of Babariz, Qalyan, Dushan and Asavaleh have had the most interactions and connections with the city of Sanandaj. The final results of the economic impact analysis indicate the growth and expansion of unauthorized construction, rising land prices, declining agricultural land in surrounding villages, and the attraction of migrants.

Urban spaces are one of the most influential factors in guiding individual and social behavior patterns. All human behaviors are formed in certain spaces that are the context of behavior. On the other hand, with the growth of urbanization in many parts of Iran, the problems and inadequacies of urban life have increased. Therefore, by designing the environment, crime can be prevented in these areas to some extent. In this regard, the aim of the present study is environmental design and its impact on crime prevention in the metropolitan areas of Tehran based on the CPTED approach in Hashtgerd. The research method is descriptive and analytical, based on library, documentary and field studies. Also, in order to analyze the data, SPSS software, FAHP model was used. In order to study in depth (the effects of environmental design and crime prevention in the suburban area of ​​Hashtgerd), regression test was used. The results showed that environmental design has a positive effect on crime prevention in the suburban area of ​​Hashtgerd. Then, in order to correlate the environmental design indicators and crime prevention in the suburban area of ​​Hashtgerd, multiple linear regression was used. The results showed that the correlation between environmental design indicators and crime prevention in the urban area of ​​Hashtgerd is equal to 0.68%, this value indicates a strong correlation between the two variables. Finally, in order to rank the indicators (design Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis (FAHP) has been used. The results showed that, respectively, access control indicators with a weight of 0.235, natural supervision with a weight of 0.221, strengthening of natural territories with a weight of 0.189, support of social activities with a weight of 0.154, maintenance with Weight 0.134, have the highest and lowest rank in reducing the crime rate in the suburban area of ​​Hashtgerd.

The Main Purpose of this Study is the Quality of Life Situation in the Suburban Villages of the Central Part of Khaneqin in Terms of Dimensions (Environmental, Physical, Social, Economic) to what Extent. The Method Used in this Research is Descriptive-Analytical Method According to the Nature and Purpose and also in Accordance with the Research Test as well as Data Collection. The Statistical Population Studied in this Rural Households Living in Urban Peripheral Spaces of Khaneqin with a Population of 38,999 People and 8,173 Households Living in 86 Villages. 14 Villages were Randomly Selected with a Total Population of 1,965 Households with 1960 Households. 320 People were Estimated by Stratified Sampling Method Using Cochran's Formula. Indicators Used to Measure the Quality of the Living Environment, including educational services, health, public and infrastructure services, security, employment dimension, correspondence with administrative-political institutions, etc. to analyze the data The collected methods were descriptive and inferential statistics and Spss and Excel software as well as t-test and Pearson correlation. The results of this study show that the central part of Khanaqin, with its environmental potential and socio-economic capabilities, is the impact of its environmental-ecological structure in recent years due to the successive wars in Iraq, its occupation by ISIS and the expansion of Security and ethnic-religious conflicts have caused a lack of economic prosperity on the one hand and a decrease in the quality of living environment, and it is suggested to improve the quality of life of villagers in the first step to increase security and start new businesses and prosperity of agricultural activities and .. Take care.

Reverse migration is a spontaneous thing that, if it continues, can be a very effective way to revitalize villages and give new life to the identity and function of the village. In this study, due to the necessity of the issue, it tries to analyze the factors affecting the growth of reverse migration to the suburban settlements of Najafabad. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of method. The required data was collected through documentary methods and field survey.The statistical population of the study is 11662 people and 3550 households living in rural areas of Sadeghieh district, of which 370 household heads were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was formalized and confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha formula for different dimensions between 0.922 and 0.710. The questionnaire was distributed based on the distribution in proportion to the population of the village and was done completely randomly among the heads of households. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the results and Spss software was used for all analyzes. The results show that the main factors in the population of suburban villages of Sadeghieh district are due to (economic) factors with the impact of the role of job necessity and proximity to the workplace, (social) factors with the impact of returning to their homeland, (cultural) factors Indigenous residents of their martyr, as a rural example of Hajiabad with 101 martyrs, are the factors (environment) of low population density, factors (infrastructure) of the village being located on the roads of the province and the city. According to the results, practical suggestions were presented.

The metropolis of Mashhad and their territory has experienced unbalanced physical growth in recent years and is currently associated with many problems in various dimensions of management, economic, physical, social, environmental and so on. In this metropolis, increasing population and migration and integration of rural areas in the body of Mashhad metropolis on the one hand and management distortion on the other hand has increased the grounds for increasing these challenges. The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical and in collecting information, field and library studies have been used. Cocoso method was used to analyze the findings. The results of this study show that in the social sector, the index of non-participation of the people as a missing link in organizing around the metropolis of Mashhad; In the economic sector, the index of increasing violations in construction to earn more profit in the suburbs of Mashhad; In the physical part, there was no indicator of unit management in the study area for issuing permits and supervising construction; In the management section, the management of the suburbs around the metropolis of Mashhad and finally the environmental section, the index of increasing environmental problems following changes in land uses in and around the city of Mashhad, pointed out that the perimeter and privacy of the metropolis of Mashhad is facing them in the current situation.