نشریه مطالعات رسانه های نوین
سال ششم شماره 24 (زمستان 1399)

presenting a pattern forThe Impact of Social Networks on Democracy Development in Iran: A Grounded Theory Study Abstract Social networks have been able to influence the various dimensions of social life. The purpose of this research is to design a model for impact of social networks on democracy development. To design this model, using a Grounded Theory strategy and a constructive approach, using semi-structured interview tools with 10 experts and academic professors in the field of media management. The results of the research after the initial and focused coding were designed as a model. In the initial coding, 17 codes were extracted, and in the focused coding, 6 codes were extracted. Research findings show that globalization, increase level of public knowledge, lack of legal infrastructure, information monopoly, absolute power of government, filtering, inappropriate content dissemination, media literacy, use of authorities from virtual networks, awareness, transparency and accountability, improvement of Social capital, the strengthening of public voices, democracy demand, the creation of network society, and civil society are the main components of this model.

A review of Persian translation and authorship works on the culture of fame, we find the predominance of critical views; From a semiotic point of view, Roland Barthes's critical stance on intra-cultural sign systems as ideological and mythological systems is common and especially symbolic, revealing their hidden and mostly repressive implications; While the claim of the article is the existence of celebrity cultural functions as a symbolic system and the culture of fame as a sphere, which has been tried using the theory and methodology of Yuri Lutman, the founder of the School of Cultural Semiotics, to Provide a new analysis of the culture of fame. The theoretical conclusion of this article was that culture of fame is one of the hallmarks of culture and participates in the process of demarcating the boundaries of culture. Then, using Lutman's cultural semiotics, Hassan Aghamiri's Instagram Live (Rouhani's Celebrity) with Ahlam (the singer's female celebrity), which is a celebrity-centric phenomenon of two opposing classes, is analyzed as a body of study. The results of this analysis revealed that the two celebrities finally agreed on the legal boundaries of halal and haram music on Instagram in an agreement. As a frontier in the sphere of religion, Hassan Aghamiri translates Ahlam, which is a non-religious element, into the sphere of religion. On the opposite side, Aghamiri himself finds his way to the sphere of music through Ahlam. Eventually, the coincidence of the two celebrities with each other leads to an explosion in the sign sphere.

Identity is defined through the comparison of oneself to the other and it is rooted in human beings' need to be different and distinguished from others. From a post-structualist viewpoint, identity is plural, dynamic and multi-dimensional and both individual and collective identities can be portrayed through various medias. Social media, as the most prominent phenomenon of our era, not only provides a unique opportunity for people to share their thoughts and feelings, but also affects their lifestyles and worldviews. The present study, a qualitative analysis of big data, probes the discourse behind the representation of Iranian national identity in social media and specifically twitter. By probing the tweets, the study shows the discourses in which Iranians represent their identity. To find out the way Iranian twitter users redefine themselves and their national identity in their tweets, 6000 tweets were compiled in a 40-days period and were categorized based on their common features. Utilizing the discourse analysis and thematic analysis, the six elicited themes were categorized which include other-oreintation, self-escape, agent- orientation, self-victimizing, generalizing everyday behaviours, positive thinking, humiliating Iranian identity. Elaborating the themes, Iranians always regret their past civilization and behaviors, they humiliate themselves comparing the other nations and the last but not the least, their behaviors are inherently determined.

This study aims to investigate the voice of Iranian Diaspora in Cyberspace. In particular it seeks to explore their concerns regarding their home country, Iran and to explore their role and influence in the formation of Iran-related contents on Twitter. While the formation of Iranian Diaspora was before the rise of new Information and Communication Technologies, the rise of the aforementioned technological improvements have had an influential role to make their voice heard in offline and online spheres, in particular in Twitter. Having conducted content analysis, the results of the study showed that Iranian Diaspora play a key role in content creation in online sphere and in particular in Twitter. However, the results also indicated that there is a multi step flow of information in their online network given that their main hubs are only few Iranian Diasporia organizations that are established in the host countries. In addition, the results of analyzing 270 selected tweets from Iranian Diasporas indicates that 'criticizing the situation in Iran", "Covering the news regarding protest and propagating them" and "relatively neutral news and information" were the dominant themes and topics twitted –and re twitted _by them.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between social media use and cultural change in the four domains of "social capital", "religious beliefs", "individualization" and "identity". Besides, it was attempted to determine the direction of cultural changes according to Inglehart's Model on Materialistic and Post-Materialistic Values. In this study, library study and survey method were used. The findings of this study showed that respondents' social capital was at an average level and those who used social networks were characterized with lower social capital. In the case of 'individualization', which directs the individuals toward collective action and shared goals such as protecting the environment or creating humanitarian societies, it was found that increased level of using social networks led to boosted individualization. With regard to "identity", the findings also showed that increased use of social networks led to more desire for transparency in users. The results also showed that there was no significant relationship between the two variables of "religious beliefs in social networks" and "social media use". The findings of the research on "interested values in social networks" showed that users were more inclined to the Post-Materialistic values stated in the Inglehart's Model. This finding was in line with the results of research conducted in other countries and there was no distinction between Iranian users and foreigner users regarding values in cyberspace.

This is a descriptive-analytical research seeks to answer that question "How do news agencies in their science and technology pages’ use image messaging to better convey the message to their audiences?". Qualitative method of "compound-based interpretation" and "quantitative content analysis" have been used for conducting the research. The statistical population of the study is the science and technology news of the official news agencies of the country that by purposeful sampling method, the news of spring 1398 in FARS, ISNA and MEHR news agencies was selected as the sampling frame. From the sampling frame and using simple random sampling, a statistical week was selected and the images of each news item as a unit of observation and analysis were studied. According to the results, ISNA has used Visual messages to better convey its message to its audiences and Fars and MEHR are next in line. Research shows low utilization of Visual messages capacity in news science and technology news agencies and in less than half of this news, the good use of video messaging has become attractive, presentation of news information, and the easy-to-read scientific news. Use the most of proprietary images with relevant news elements and values, describing images and referring to them in the text, using visual messages in multiple frames and not using archival images unrelated to the main topic of the news, the most important suggestions to News agencies are making better use of visual messaging to attract, simplify, and make science news accessible to audiences.

Following the scientific advances of recent years, numerous social media and networks such as WhatsApp messaging network have emerged to facilitate and facilitate foot-to-face interactions, which can be irreparably harmed by ongoing research into their use. The purpose of the present study was to construct and validate the negative outcomes questionnaire of WhatsApp Messaging Network. All the male and female students of Payam Noor University of Ahwaz were the statistical population of this study. The research method is descriptive-exploratory and the data were obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze them. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Whatsapp Messaging Network negative consequences questionnaire consisted of 30 items and three components namely bodily injury with 12 items; control with 10 items and obsessive-compulsive use with 8 items consisting of complete reliability and validity. It was satisfying. As this research questionnaire is new in its kind, so researchers interested in discussing the negative consequences of using WhatsApp messaging network, it is suggested to use this tool.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oralcommunication on consumer purchasing behavior. In this regard, the role of mediator of emotions, social norms and attitudes has been studied.This is an applied and descriptive research in terms of goal and nature respectively.The method is survey in terms of collecting information. The statistical population of the study consisted of customers of automobile departments in Isfahan city. Using Cochran's relationship,384 questionnaires were distributed randomly among them. Reliability of the research tool and composite reliability for all variables were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha.Content validity and structure of the data collection tool were also confirmed.The findings, using structural equation modeling and PLS software,showed that the oral communication variable in the context of social networking among the car agency customers has a significant effect on their intention to purchase them. Also, oral communication has a significant positive, direct effect on emotional variables, shopping attitude and social norms, respectively with a significant amount of20/19,20/32and139/13.Also, the results of the research hypothesis test indicate that the variables of social norms and shopping attitudes have a significant effect on customer intent, but the emotional variables have no significant effect on the intention to buy car customers.

The Telegraph Social Network is the most user-friendly social network in Iran, which holds a large amount of content and content. The current qualitative research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the membership of married people in this network by means of thematic analysis. The statistical population included married people aged 15-40 years old in Borujerd, who had experience in using this network for at least one year. The sample size of 31 people, the purposeful sampling method and the data collection method was a profound interview. The results of coding the interviews showed that the individual was influenced by: (1) push factors (technology pressure, loneliness, unemployment, normative constraints, mental and physical exhaustion, emotional emptiness, inappropriate self-actualization, consumer society), and (2) Absorption mechanisms (secure, easy, cheap, broad and fast communication, awareness, entertainment, business prosperity, free-thinking seats) have become part of this network. As a result, the individual becomes generally part of the network due to the real world constraints as well as the attractiveness of the telegram as a double factor.

The present paper is based on the results of the questionnaire as well as long-term and in-depth library studies. Finally, using the guidance and opinions of leading researchers in this field, it identifies and explains the challenges of virtual networks and social interactions. In this paper, the researcher sought to determine whether there is a relationship between virtual networks and social interactions. The statistical population of this study consisted of: high school students in Tehran in the first half of 1398 in high school. Of the total number of students, 384 students were selected randomly from the Cochran sampling method. They were also questioned. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient method was used to estimate component compatibility reliability and validity was used. The research and statistical methods were also survey (using questionnaire) and Spearman's statistical methods and LISREL's structural equations were used to determine the frequency, density, and so on. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of social network injuries and finally between social networks and social interactions and isolation.

With the advent of the information age and networked society and the advent of web-based social media and the success of these networks in attracting users, these networks have been able to play a key role in creating different streams and offering different lifestyles. The experience of these two spatializations and the formation of subcultures appropriate to this space changes people's choices. On the other hand, considering that the social network Instagram is one of the most popular social networks in the world and in Iran, so the purpose of this study is to identify the components of the culture that governs the social network Instagram. This research has a descriptive and survey strategy and since this research is a qualitative research in terms of type,The researcher identified the categories and items of culture in the social network with the help of interviews with experts. In this research, the researcher uses structural analysis method to analyze the data obtained from the interview. According to the data obtained from the interview, the author achieved six cultural components in the social network Instagram, which are; Lack of media literacy, lack of adherence to ethics, extremism, superficiality, participation and assertiveness.