فصلنامه علوم زراعی ایران
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 90، تابستان 1400)

To evaluate the effect of simultaneous and overlapped intercropping ratios on yieldand quality essential oilof peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and forage of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.),an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran during 2017-2018. Experimental factors included: planting time at two levels (simultaneous and overlapped planting of peppermint and guar) and intercropping ratios at five levels (sole planting of peppermint, sole planting of guar, 50% peppermint + 50% guar, 25% guar + 75% peppermint and 25% peppermint 75% guar. The results showed that at simultaneous intercropping the highest forage yield obtained from sole guar (6348 kg.ha-1), which was not significantly different from the planting ratio of 75% guar + 25% peppermint. In overlapped intercropping, the highest forage yield obtained from sole guar and 75% guar + 25% peppermint planting ratio, respectively. The highest guar ADF (36.4%) obtained from the planting ratio of 50% peppermint + 50% guar under overlapped intercropping. The highest peppermint essential oil content (2.1%) obtained from 50% peppermint + 50% guar planting ratio in the simultaneous intercropping. The highest essential oil yield (9.49 kg.ha-1) belonged to the treatment of sole peppermint. The highest LER (1.42) belonged to 75% guar + 25% peppermint plating ratio in overlapped intercropping. The results showed that for increasing the quality of guar forage, simultaneous intercropping and 75% guar + 25% peppermint planting ratio and -for improving  peppermint essential oil yield, overlapped intercropping and 50% peppermint + 50% guar planting ratio was suitable.

This study was conducted with the objective of analyzing genotype × environment (GE) interaction on grain yield of 20 bread wheat promising lines. The experiment carried out using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in eight experimental stations in temperate regions of Iran in two cropping seasons (2015-2017). To assess the yield stability and adaptability of genotypes non-parametric ranking statistic and some univariate stability statistics as well as GGE biplot method were used. Combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype × year × location and year × location interaction effects on grain yield were significant. Mean comparison showed that promising lines; G16, G12, G10 and G15 had the highest grain yield, respectively. Nonparametric ranking analysis showed that genotypes; G4, G12, G14, G15 and G16 with the lowest ranks and standard deviation of ranks had the highest yield stability. The GGE biplot analysis differentiated environments into three sub-environmental groups with top-yielding genotypes. Using GGE biplot showed that genotypes; G2, G3, G13, G14, G18, G4 and G1 had higher grain yield stability, respectively. Based on non-parametric ranking statistic and GGE biplot, genotype G14 was identified as genotype with highest yield stability. According to the results of this tsudy genotypes G14: KAUZ/LUCO-M//PVN/STAR/3/Yaco/2*Parus/4/Pishtaz (Amin), G15: FRNCLN/ROLF07 (Farin), and G16: MUU/KBIRD had high grain yield potential and stability performance and have been recommended for release as new cultivars for the temperate agro-climatic zone of Iran.

This syudy was performed to study the variation in proteome pattern in leaves of  maize B73 and MO17 inbred lines under 200 mM sodium chloride salinity stress and also non stress conditions. The experiment carried out as factorial arrangements in randomized block design in hydroponic systems at the faculty of agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, in 2017. Biological yield in both lines decreased under salinity stress compared to the control. Proteome analysis of leaf tissue showed that 28 from 78 repeatable protein spots in B73 and 20 from 123 repeatable protein spots in MO17 had significant frequency variation under stress. Identification of proteins was done by pI and molecular weight. Candidate proteins involved in the pathways of metabolism and energy production, messenger and channel, cell protection and defense and proteins involved in the folding of other proteins. The highest number of stress response proteins in B73 and MO17 lines related to the pathways of metabolism and energy production, messenger and channel, and proteins involved in the folding of other proteins. In both B73 and MO17 lines, all channel and messenger proteins decreased and increased, under salinity stress, respectively. One of the most important proteins with significant frequency variation was observed for calmodulin-binding transcription activator 4 protein, which plays an important role in plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. This protein decreased in B73 line and increased significantly in MO17 line. Development of the vascular system is prevented by reducing the channel and messenger proteins as well as the transfer of ions and toxic substances to the shoot. All proteins involved in metabolism and energy production decreased under salinity stress in B73, and in contrast, most of these proteins increased in MO17. In other words, the relative increase in these proteins lead to an increase in plant metabolism and then the plant fuels more energy to cope with stress. These results can explain, to some extents, the relative susceptibility of MO17 in comparison with B73 under salinity stress conditions.

The economic importance of bread wheat necessitates optimizing of the quality of production and its consumption. Many bread wheat cultivars are grown in Iran in each cropping cycle, however, there is not accurate information about the quality of grains produced in farmerschr('39') fields. In this research, important quality traits (protein content, wet gluten, zeleny sedimentation volume, grain hardness and SDS) of 9232 grain samples of different bread wheat cultivars which were collected from the farmerschr('39') fields (irrigated and rainfed)  during five growing seasons 2013-18 were evaluated. Using the results of quality laboratory and the cultivated areas of bread wheat commercial cultivars and promising lines grown for producing certified seed in farmers’ fields in each province during experiment years, the weighted average of grain quality traits of samples from farmerschr('39') fields of each province was assessed. The results showed that bread wheat grains produced in Kerman province by 12.2% protein content, 51.9 grain hardness index, 61.3 mm SDS sedimentation volume, Ilam and Khuzestan provinces by 29.2 ml zeleny, and Golestan province by 33% wet gluten had the highest rank among bread wheat grains produced in certified producing farmers’ fields. Results of this study would enable agricultural policy makers and nutrient experts to choose suitable bread wheat cultivars for producing required grains for food industry based on enduse quality properties of grains produced in different provinces of Iran.

The investigation of adaptability and grain yield stability of promising lines is important in dvevelopment and release of new cultivars. Eight rice promising lines developed by crossing local cultivars including; Hashemi, Domsiah, Alikazemi and Deylamani with improved cultivars including; Khazar, Kados and IR60 with optimal yield along with Khazar, Hashemi and Guilaneh as check cultivars were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications in six environments (years 2018, 2019 and 2020 and locations Rasht and Chaparsar), Iran. The results of GGE biplot showed that the first component (main effect of genotype) and second component (genotype × environment) explained 61% and 21% (overall 82%) of the total variation in grain yiled, respectively. The results of ranking based on grain yield and yield stability together and in comparison with the ideal genotype indicated that the most superior genotype was G7 (Deylamani/Kados), followed by genotypes G3 (Domsiah/Khazar//Khazar), G8 (Domsiah/Khazar//Domsiah) and G2 (Hashemi/IR60//Hashemi). Therefore, genotypes G7 and G3 were selected as the most adaptable with yield stability for being released as new rice cultivars for target environments. G7 was developed from a cross between Kados, an improved and high-yielding cultivar, and Deylmani, a local and high-quality cultivar, with an average yield of 7.25 ± 0.14 tons per hectare. G3 was dveloped from a cross between Khazar, a high-yielding cultivar, and Domsiah, a local cultivar. G3 was bred with the aim of maintaining the favorable characteristics of cv. Khazar and improving the quality of its cooking through cross with Domsiah, and its average yield was 6.51 ± 0.21 tons per hectare. Both genotypes G7 and G3, with high grain quality (amylose content of 22.02 and 22.09, gel consistency of 42 and 40, gelatinization temperature of 4.71 and 3.96, grain elongation rate of 1.60 and 1.57 for genotypes G7 and G3, respectively) and medium maturity (125.34 and 122.14 from sowing, respectively) can be released as new rice cultivars for target areas.

Water is an important limiting factor for agriculture production in many parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Different crop management strategies included tolerant cultivars, supplement irrigation, plant residues and superabsorbent are necessary to be considered for saving water and improving water productivity. To investigate the effect of combination of barley residue and zeolite on seed yield and water productivity of chickpea cultivars under rainfed and supplement irrigation conditions, a field experiment was conducted in two years (2016 and 2017) as split-plot factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications in Islamic Azad University University of Khorramabad, Iran. The main plots consisted of three irrigation applications: rainfed condition (I1), irrigation at flowering stage (I2), and irrigation at flowering and pod formation stages (I3). Combination of barley residue and zeolite (5 t.ha-1 barley residue + 5 t.ha-1 zeolite, 5 t.ha-1 barley residue + 2.5 t.ha-1zeolite, 5 t.ha-1 barley residue, and no barley residue and zeolite (control) and two chickpea cultivars (cv. Adel and cv. Azad) were randomized in sub plots. Results indicated that the highest seed yield (2543 kg.ha-1), water productivity (0.954 kg.m-3), 100-seed weight (37.3 g), and plant height (38 cm) observed in 5 t.ha-1 barley residue + 2.5 t.ha-1 zeolite + irrigation at flowering and pod formation stages, for cv. Adel. The results revealed using of Adel cultivar, supplement irrigation and combination of barley residue and zeolite could be a suitable crop management package for increasing seed yield and improving water productivity of chickpea under climatic condition of Khorramabad, Iran.