فصلنامه فرهنگ رضوی
سال نهم شماره 35 (پاییز 1400)

Conduct and speech behavior of Imam Riḍā (as) can be considered as a model in interactions. During this period, "Zaydiyya" is considered one of the most revolutionary Shiite sects that was not much approved and supported by the Imam of his time. Imam Reza's interactions with the Zaydiyya sect as a deviant friend provide an organized pattern of behavior that will pave the way for new issues. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method to identify the social approaches of Imam Riḍā (as) discourse in the face of the leaders of the Zaydiyya sect. Imam Riḍā (as) has left valuable behavioral guidelines in social discourses related to the public and scholars, by raising the issues of monotheism, Imamate and Wilayah and answering questions and doubts. These discourses are also indirectly influenced by the third element of the discourse (Ma'mun Abbasi-Power). The basic axes of creating the discourse of Imam Riḍā (as) with the leaders of the Zaydiyya sect (deviant friend), against the common enemy (Ma'mun), has been done with the aim of enlightenment and guidance; but the main axes in creating Razavi discourse with Ma'mun are with the aim of explanation and non-compromise, which is sometimes accompanied by taqīya (precaution) in commenting. In each of these approaches, we come to the central signs that play an important role in analyzing the discourse of Imam Riḍā (as) with Zaydiyya.

The desire to attend religious places is not specific to a particular group, and all members of society tend to visit and enjoy the spiritual atmosphere of these places. This tendency has spread more and more in different social groups. People with disabilities are one of those groups who, due to their limitations, have less opportunity to be in crowded places. This article has been compiled with the aim of identifying the important needs of disabled pilgrims to visit the Razavi shrine. In compiling this article, a qualitative and quantitative approach has been used, and by reviewing documents and theoretical studies and interviewing experts and using the content analysis method, six main dimensions and 31 components required by disabled pilgrims are identified and then using fuzzy cognitive mapping method, the relationships of these factors and determining the important dimensions are investigated. According to this analysis, ease of access, adaptation and rehabilitation are the three main dimensions of the needs of disabled pilgrims, for each of which components have been identified in order to formulate operational solutions.

The purpose of this article is to compile and present the structure of extracurricular activities in schools with emphasis on the way of life and educational method of Imam Riḍā (as). The study method is content analysis and the research community includes researchers and university professors in the field of education as well as professors in the seminary who specialize in the basics of Razavi biography. The research sample of 17 of the mentioned experts was purposefully selected by snowball method and they were interviewed semi-structured. The method of interviewing in the first stage was with the seminary experts to codify the themes and concepts of the text and in the second stage the interview with academic experts was to confirm the selected codes appropriate to the extracurricular activities of the schools. Based on the findings, in the above structure of the school curriculum in accordance with the Razavi biography, the dimensions and components of the identified program, the topics and the executive methods of each were stated. According to the results of this study, for extracurricular activities in schools in accordance with the Razavi biography, the use of executive methods such as holding camps and scientific trips, discussion and debate sessions, group study and research, worship, etc. in different sections was suggested.

In this study, the effect of constructive experience of pilgrimage on the benefits of religious pilgrimage due to peace of mind, escape from experiences, unique experience during pilgrimage, interactive experiences and brand image are discussed. The brand image of the pilgrimage-religious collection is the perceptions and ideas that are formed from the whole existence of the collection in the minds of the pilgrims. This research is considered as applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method is in the category of descriptive survey research. The statistical population of the study is the tourists of Holy Mashhad (Imam Riḍā's royal court), and in the model of this study, 14 variables were measured and 510 questionnaires were collected by simple random sampling. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS and Amos software. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in the inferential analysis of the data, KMO test tool and Cruet Bartlett were used to determine the internal stability, and structural equation modeling method was used to determine the appropriateness of the sample size and the accuracy of factor separation and to determine the causal relationship between the variables. The findings of this study indicate that the constructive experience of pilgrimage affects the benefits of religious travel through peace of mind, escape from experiences, unique experience during pilgrimage, interactive experiences of pilgrims and the brand image of the royal court of Imam Riḍā (as). The results of this study also showed that the travel benefits of religious tourists have a positive and significant effect on the health status of tourists. The results of this study showed that religious tourism can provide many material, spiritual and cultural opportunities for religious cities.

The pilgrimage city of Holy Mashhad, which has been called the religious and cultural capital of Iran, in addition to the shrine of Imam Riḍā (as) contains surrounding symbols that play a role in the general culture of the people. Religious symbols, while representing the culture of the people, have a great impact on the representation and continuity of culture. Therefore, the study of symbols, especially religious symbols, is of particular importance from the perspective of cultural studies. One of the most important and famous symbols around the Razavi shrine is the "steel window". By adopting a phenomenological approach and employing the concept of "sacred place" by Mircea Eliade, the author has used the techniques of "interview", "observation", "participation" and "examination of documents" to discover the mental meanings of pilgrims living around the steel window. The analysis of the findings of the field study with the method of "content analysis" shows that the steel window with the comprehensive theme of "holy and sublime place", in the Iranian mentality is considered as the confluence of heaven and earth, a part of the great structure of Shiite holy places, a stronghold, invigorating, healing, hopeful, heartwarming, transformative, stimulating chivalry and the Shrine of Imam Riḍā (as).

The study of civilization in the realm of humanities in our country does not have much of a boom; in particular, there are many issues that need to be researched from the perspective of conceptual and methodological approaches to civilization. Among such issues is the concept of new Islamic civilization. This article deals with the research critique of the book Razavi Civilization, which can be placed under the approaches of new Islamic civilization; however, this book lacks a methodological and scientific view of the issue. After the introduction of the book and other works of the author in this field, the importance of the issue of new Islamic civilization has been mentioned, and then we briefly enumerate the principles and foundations of book criticism and analysis, which includes a methodological view of the problem and a perspective of the characteristics of a scientific research book. The analysis of the book is done in two parts: formal criticism and content criticism according to the dimensions of the advantages and disadvantages; and then it is shown that despite the advantages such as the discussion of the new Islamic civilization, attention to the role of civilization of Shiite Imams and passive ignorance of the role of Imams (as) in history, but this book has structural and methodological shortcomings, such as: lack of definition of conceptual system, lack of logical order, non-argumentative and undocumented, methodological flaws and lack of analytical aspect. The necessity of analyzing the network of concepts of the family of civilization, the necessity of drawing and explaining the philosophy of history from the Shiite perspective, the importance of methodical critique of civilization texts, paying attention to the role of the relationship between religious science and new Islamic civilization, the need for a methodological view of the issue of civilization and adherence to the requirements of such studies are some of the results that this study emphasizes in the end.

In this review, five books from the books and productions of the advertising deputy of Astan Quds Razavi were reviewed. In the evaluation of children's books, three goals were pursued, which is to evaluate the books in the field of "content, construction and structure and images" from the perspective of the child. The statistical population in this study is all children aged 6 to 11 years old living in Mashhad who entered the holy shrine of Razavi in the fall of 1398. The sample was 63 children who were selected by purposive sampling. The research approach is evaluative and the studied method is content analysis with semi-structured interview tools. The results showed that the book “I; Green scarf; Dad” has been the most attractive for children in different dimensions. In other words, the best evaluation by children belongs to this book. After that, the book "Abrak and the Wise Girl" received the least criticism due to its different construction and structure and colorful pictures. The book "Be Like Imam Riḍā (as)", although it had many attractions for children, also had some criticisms. The title of the command and the length of the book are the most important of them. The most important critiques of the book "Emad and the Caravan of Giants" are, on the one hand, the images in which most of the dark colors are used, and on the other hand, the title of the book. The book "Father's House" has the most criticism and the weakest evaluation, which has had a low appeal for children.