فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 66 (تابستان 1400)

This study was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted with the aim of analyzing the family transformations of cohabitation between men and women in a qualitative way with the strategy of data-based theory. For this purpose, non-probabilistic purp-osive sampling was used and samples were selected within available samples. Finally, 19 people participated in this pro-cess. Data collection tools were open questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Preliminary questions were prepared under the supervision of the supervisor of the doctoral dissertation. The data analysis method was performed during the open, pivotal and main coding processes. As a result, family transformations with incon-sistent positions were conceptualized as the main subject of the study with incon-sistent positions, which include pivotal categories. Dual perceptions of family transformations and adaptation and forced acceptance of changes were categorized. Participants cited different intervening causes, contexts, and conditions in shap-ing these family transformations that led to different outcomes. These conseque-nces were categorized into the main cate-gory of changing accepted family patterns with the central categories of modern individualism, function-oriented transfor-mation, and changing patterns. However, participants used different strategies to deal with these changes, which in the coding process were conceptualized in two central categories: understanding the situation and dimensions of the family.

The purpose of this study was to “investigate the attachment-based pathological and satisfaction experiences in sexual relationship between Iranian spouses”. Sexual relationship has been considering as one of primary motivating factors bringing about innermost feelings and close relationships. A phenomenological qualitative method was adopted to meet the demands of study purposes. By means of purposive sampling method, twenty-four married couples with minimum length of marriage around three have participated in two groups of satisfied(self-report) and dissatisfied (in the first three sessions of the couple therapy process or in the legal process of divorce) couples. Using the Colizzi and the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methods, two main clusters of "Sex enhances couple relationship" and "relationship vulnerability Spouses of Sexual Separation" have been revealed. Eight sub-clusters have also discovered appositely. Findings of this study confirm that attachment theory strikingly provide a fundamental framework for a deeper understanding of spouses' sexual behaviors and experiences.

A large body of research shown that the initial parent-child relationship affects the quality of children's marital relationships; but the issue of the impact of that how the initial relationship with the parents affects on quality of the marital relationship has received less attention. Theurpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of emotional schemas between parental bonding and marital intimacy. The research method was correlation and statistical population consisted ofarried people who lived in Yazd in 2019. Inclusion criteria was being married, being literate, living at least two years in a house with their partner, and that their parents hadn’t died before they turned 16. 426 individuals (227 female and 199 male) participated in the study. The me-thod of sampling was available via inter-net and paper questionnaires. Participants completed measures of Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS), and Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics such as correlation and path analysis. The results showed that a number of emotional schemas mediated the relationship bet-ween parental bonding and marital intim-acy. Thus, given the role of emotional schemas for emotional experience and the use of emotion coping strategies, it can be said that these schemas play a mediating role in the relationship between parental bonding and marital intimacy by influen-cing individuals' perceptions of emotion (such as believing in uncontrollable and uniqueness of emotions to people) as well as using different strategies (such as worry, blaming others, rumination, and avoiding the situation) to cope with emo-tions.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of parenting education based on coping with challenges of parenting and triple-p on effective parenting components and marital adjustment in mothers of adolescents. This study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control groups with a follow-up a month later. The study population consisted of mothers with adolescent in Isfahan 2018. Among them, 24 volunteers were selected through random selection sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Exp-erimental groups were treated for 2 hours in 8 sessions. The data were collected using Alabama parenting questionnaire and Dyadic adjustment scale. The results of repeated measurements analysis showed that there was a significant diff-erence in Positive Parenting and poor monitoring. Also between parenting prog-ram based on coping with Challenges and control group was significant difference in Positive Parenting, Corporal Punishment and parental attentiveness. No differences were found between two training packages in terms of effective parenting and marital adjustment (p<0.05). Based on the fin-dings, it can be stated that standard training package (Triple-p) and parenting education based on coping with challenges of parenting can each promote some parenting functions, due to the different effectiveness of these two educational methods, it is recommended to use these educational programs to improve the quality of parenting.

The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of ele-mentary school students’ smartphone and tablet addiction scale and its relationship with parenting styles. We surveyed 200 elementary school students selected by convenience sam-pling. They were evaluated by elementary school students’ smartphone addiction scale and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questi-onnaire has a main factor representing 40% of the total variance and also by calculating the correlation of subscales with the total score (p=0.01), Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.91) and split half method (r=0.88) It was indicated that this scale is properly valid and reliable. Also, family income, mothers’ education and negligent parenting style were directly and significa-ntly correlated with elementary school stu-dents’ smartphone and tablet addiction rate, and authoritative parenting style was inversely and significantly correlated with elementary school students’ smartphone and tablet addiction rate. The study of psychometric properties showed that the present scale has a favorable and correlated underlying factor and it can be used for smartphone addiction evaluation of school- age students in future research. In addition, for intervention in the use rate of smartphone and tablet in elementary school children, family elements should be considered.

Adolescents with hearing loss are one of the most important groups of people with special needs that doing research about them is rare and sometimes have conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to analyze and explore the challenges of raising a child with hearing loss from the perspective of parents with normal hearing and the adolescents with hearing loss based on the Grounded theory. The sample was consisted of 10 adolescents with hearing loss and 15 hearing parents with hearing loss adolescents. They were selected by the theoretical and purposeful sampling method from the Tehran Deaf Family Association in 2021. The data was collected through the in-depth semi-structured interviews until theoretical sat-uration and were analyzed by theoretical coding (open, axial and selective coding). Based on the results, the open codes were around 103 concepts, the core codes were including 15 concepts, and the selected codes were including four concepts which they were identified and extracted under the headings of factors related to the parents, adolescents, family and society. According to the obtained results, it is very important to pay special attention to the leading challenges in raising a child with hearing loss.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of training mindful par-enting on parenting stress and marital qua-lity among mothers of intellectually disa-bled children. this study is semi-experimental with control group and pretest-posttest design. The population included all mothers of children under 18 years of age with mental disabilities referred to Izeh welfare cen-ters. Then, 30 mothers with intellectually disabled children in range were randomly selected and then divided into two groups (15 for each). mindful parenting. Part-icipants completed two questionnaires including Parenting Stress (Abidin, 1991) and marital quality (Noroton,1983). the experimental group were educated in mindful parenting in 8 sessions over 8 weeks. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis of data indicated that training of mindful parenting is affective in reduction parenting stress and impro-ving marital quality. This was also persistent significantly in the follow-up stage after two months (P<0/05). Training of mindful parenting can have beneficial results in improving the mental health of families of intellectually disabled children