مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، پاییز 1400)

Cancer is known as one of the biggest health problems. One of the most important treatments for this disease is chemotherapy. Because chemotherapy is often time-consuming and challenging, and disabling for the patient, these patients' family caregivers are under much pressure to care for them during this period. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coping skills training on family caregivers' burden on cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

In this quasi-experimental study, 62 patients referred to two hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire and Caring Burden Inventory (CBI). At the beginning of the study, the demographic profile and CBI form were completed by the study participants. The experimental group caregivers were then divided into groups of 5-8 people and were given coping skills training in three sessions of 45-60 minutes. Four weeks after the intervention, the CBI questionnaire was completed again by the study participants during the return to the hospital. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test).

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups participating in the study in terms of demographic characteristics (P> 0.05); Also, the mean and standard deviation of the Care burden score in the control and test group participants before the intervention were 66.37 ±17.91 and 56.83 ± 14.89, and after the intervention were 75.18 ± 9.15 and 49.30 ±12.93 was reported. According to the results of the paired t-test, these changes were significant in both groups (P <0.001). The highest rate of reduction of burden pressure in the caregivers of the experimental group was related to the developmental dimension (P <0.016).

This study's findings showed the usefulness of using coping skills training method on the burden pressure of family caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, it is recommended that this useful and effective method be used to facilitate these caregivers' adaptation to the patient's condition more than before.

Nomophobia is defined as the fear of being out of mobile phone contact and is considered a phobia of the modern age. The current study explored the effectiveness of the medical Librarian's web-based educational program on optimal use of smartphones among students with nomophobia based on self-efficacy theory.

This semi-experimental study applied random controlled clinical trial and before-after Design groups with a follow-up method. The population included all students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Of the population, 98 students with high score nomophobia were selected as a sample. They were divided into two groups, control, and intervention, randomly. The intervention group received a web-based educational program, plus an electronic pamphlet. Data were collected in two steps. SPSS software was used to analyze data.

The results indicated that the nomophobia score in an intervention group reduced significantly (P<0.001), just two weeks after the intervention (54.1±16.20) in comparison to the before (78.3±22.11). Also, the average score of self-efficacy increased remarkably (P<0.001), after the intervention (36.3±4.20) than before (30.8±4.79). The score of nomophobia and self-efficacy showed a significant difference between the control and intervention groups.

Health-based educations, especially web-based educations, can be considered a good solution during the pandemics for target audiences. The useful web-based educational program could have improved the recognition of the students toward nomophobia and increase their self-efficacy.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and related factors in children aged 7 and 8 years.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 2229 elementary school students aged 7 and 8 years old using the census method. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using Chi-square, One-way ANOVA, Independent Sample t-test, and logistic regression.

The mean (standard deviation) of total DMFT of students was 3.65 (2.98). The mean (standard deviation) of DMFT for the 7-year-old and 8-year-old age groups were 3.95 (3.23) and 3.65 (2.93), respectively. The DMFT level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (p<0.05). The prevalence of dental caries among all students, 7-year-old and 8-year-old students were 82%, 83.22% and 81.33%, respectively. The results of logistic regression showed that there was a significant relationship between mother's education level and insurance with DMFT index (p<0.05).

Due to the high prevalence of decay of deciduous teeth in 7- and 8-year-old students, training courses to enhance oral health literacy for parents and students, increasing children's access to oral health services can be effective in preventing dental caries in children.

The visual quality of the environment affects the level of physical activity of citizens, so it is necessary to take basic steps to reduce the gap between urban planning and public health through interdisciplinary studies. This study aimed to identify the relationship between visual quality and amount of physical activity in the neighborhood Mehrshahr of Karaj.

This study was a quantitative research that was done with a confirmatory factor analysis approach. The statistical population was 100 residents of Mehrshahr neighborhood of Karaj who were randomly selected. Data were collected using two questionnaires. Data analysis and hypothesis testing by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and partial least squares (PLS) tests, Spearman and analysis of variance were one-way.

The results showed that the quality of neighborhood’s visual quality with mean and standard deviation was 3/62±0/57 and there was a statistically significant difference with the average population (p=0/001). The mean and standard deviation of residents' physical activity was 3.24 ± 0.51 which was statistically significant (P= 0.001). The results of path analysis showed that the quality of visual perception of residents of the environment has a positive and significant effect on the level of physical activity of residents in the environment. Improving visual diversity, becoming more regular, opening and expanding the environment, being more natural, better preservation, the presence of historical elements in the environment and its freshness and vibrancy, in the eyes of residents leading to physical activity and walking, cycling, Intense and moderate physical activity will be in the environment.

Improving the visual quality of the environment can facilitate and encourage participation in physical activities, and to improve the physical activity of citizens and improve public health, changes and improvements in some visual qualities will have a greater impact on the health of citizens. Therefore, in order to increase the level of physical activity of citizens, it is possible to intervene purposefully and accurately in the body of the environment.

It is necessary to study the emerging trends and areas of knowledge and to predict the direction of future research on the concept of health literacy in order to promote community health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of mapping research knowledge in the field of health literacy and showing the structure of knowledge and their evolution over time.

This scientometrics research was conducted using Co-word analysis technique includes the steps include: Data retrieval, Data analysis and Mapping and Visualization Papers from the MEDLINE database during (1970-2018) retrieved and analyzed. The bibliographic data analyzed using the visualization of similarities technique by text‑mining and visualization techniques of VOSviewer.

A total of 7,429 documents, growth of scientific publications related to the field of health literacy has been increased rapidly over the past 10 years and continues to grow in recent years. The stronger studies were mainly conducted at research institutions of higher education in the Canada and United States. Four Core authors groups with a higher influence were identified. The keyword of “communication”, “depression”, “health education”, and “internet” had respectively the highest frequency. The results of cluster analysis identified and categorized them into three major clusters. Health literacy field had a close relationship with the lifestyle dimensions, health information technology, mental health literacy and chronic diseases.

Given the interdisciplinary nature of health literacy the areas of education, health, Information Communication Technology (ICT) science, and mental health will help the cooperation of experts in these areas to enrich scientific research and make them more applicable.

Building a favorable future for the health system is strongly emphasized in the upstream documents, but the nature of the future is fraught with uncertainty and has a fundamental feature such as invisibility. Today, the health system of the country is witness-oriented and has linear and deterministic thinking. Scenarios are the best learning tool for managing uncertainty, which makes it possible to re-read the structure and boundaries of existing health systems, as well as to understand the nature and role of stakeholders in pursuing sustainable health systems. The purpose of this study is to help mobilize material and human resources through the scriptwriting process to build a favorable future that the key actors of this system can plan so that in the future citizens can be physically comfortable in addition to equitable health care. Achieve psychological, spiritual and social as well.

In this study, using in-depth interview tools and a questionnaire governing the Maktor software with 25 health system experts in the 2019 and relying on the process of scriptwriting at the University of Norway in four steps of analyzing trends and actors in the field of health as The first step is to determine the drivers as the second step, the development of scenarios as the third step, and finally the evaluation and strategic recommendation as the fourth step to design the scenarios of the health system at the national level.

The findings include four scenarios. The goal of the first scenario as a desirable scenario, Equity in the collective dimension and wellbeing in the individual dimension, in the second scenario as a possible scenario, the goal of that Equity in the collective dimension and ignoring wellbeing in the individual dimension, in the third scenario as a possible scenario goal of wellbeing in the dimension Individual and neglect of Equity in the collective dimension, and finally the fourth scenario as a scenario of disaster in which there is neither wellbeing in the individual dimension nor Equity in the collective dimension.

In order to move away from the disaster scenario and approach the desired scenario, the country's health system needs to change the paradigm from therapist to caregiver in such a way that multiple care promotes health, disease prevention, and treatment. Diseases and rehabilitation are integrated and, in this integration, the most important policy will be health promotion.

Social vitality is one of the basic and fundamental features of social life that has a great contribution in improving the mental health of people in society and the relationships between them. Although much research has been done on social vitality, little research has been done on the constraints of women's social vitality. The main purpose of this study is to qualitatively analyze the constraints of women's social vitality in Kerman.

The present study is qualitative research in the form of an interpretive and constructivist paradigm. Its data were collected through focused group interviews. Three groups of 10-12 people (33 people in total) of women aged 20 and employed in Kerman were selected and studied using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity. Thematic analysis approach has been used to analyze the data.

Based on the thematic analysis, two main themes were extracted, which were social factors that include three sub-themes: family (strictness, restrictions and gender discrimination), work environment (excessive control by the employer and the governing system of organizations, tangible and intangible control, social stigma, constraints on dress and grooming) and society (existence of specific beliefs, constraints related to mobility, constraints on certain activities for women, ignoring the role of men in creating insecurity in society, Lack of power to express appropriate response to the constraints imposed) and individual factors that included two sub-themes of external dimension (lifestyle) and internal dimension (attitude and insight, lack of self-esteem).

The results showed that the studied women face obstacles and constraints in their social vitality. These constraints were mainly a set of social and individual factors such as gender discrimination, social stigma, lack of security in public space, the existence of certain beliefs and finally the lifestyle that disrupted their social vitality.