مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 114، مهر و آبان 1400)

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which belongs to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, after cerebral ischemia exhibit neuroprotective functions including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pretreatment effects of PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, on brain infarction, tissue swelling, and brain edema in an experimental model of ischemic stroke.

The study included three groups of rats (N=36); sham, control ischemic, and treated ischemic groups. Brain ischemia was induced by 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Rats received fenofibrate (200 mg/kg/day) by oral route for 4 days before induction of MCAO. Neurological deficit score (NDS), infarct volume (TTC staining method), tissue swelling, and brain edema were assessed 24 hours after termination of MCAO.

MCAO induced neurological dysfunction (2.83±0.16), brain infarction (282±30 mm3), brain swelling (15.13±2.29 %), and edema (17.23±1.97%) in the control ischemic group. Administration of fenofibrate in the treated ischemic rats significantly reduced neurological dysfunction (2.14±0.14), brain infarction (92±28 mm3), brain swelling (4.35±1.42%), and edema (5.49±1.44) compared to the rats in the control ischemic group.

Our findings indicated that activation of PPARα by a specific agonist, fenofibrate, effectively decreased the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries as well as brain swelling and edema in an experimental model of ischemic stroke.

Regular and proper exercise programs help improve physiological function and prevent the development of various metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases and factors associated with aging. Endurance and aerobic power to absorb adequate blood and oxygen are effective for the brain and muscles, especially in long-term workouts. Purpose of this study was The effect of endurance training and injection of adenosine on expression CCL2 gene after ischemia-reperfusion in Wistar rats.

The research method was purely experimental and in vitro. The study sample consisted of 40 male rats. Ischemic induction was first performed for 45 minutes through the carotid vasculature. After ischemic induction , rats set in 4groups: endurance training / adenosine / ischemia, ischemia / adenosine, endurance training / ischemia, and control / ischemia .After ischemia, protocol was performed. In the eighth week, rats received one mg of adenosine daily. Eight weeks after blood samples were obtained from rats brain tissue and then CCL2 gene expression was measured. Statistical methods, mean, standard deviation, Shapiro Wilk test, Levin test and one way ANOVA were used. (Significance level P≤0.05).

The results showed that between the control / ischemia group and the adenosine/ischemia group was a significant difference in CCL2 gene expression in ischemia-reperfusion male rats. There is a significant difference between ischemia / reperfusion group and CCL2 gene in ischemia reperfusion of male rats. There was no significant difference in ischemia/reperfusion of male rats and the control / ischemia group and the endurance training group / adenosine/ischemia in CCL2 gene.

Pre-preparation with endurance training and adenosine prior to ischemia will significantly modulate the chemokine factors. Exercise and adenosine may be useful in preventing ischemic stroke.

Atorvastatin is one of the high blood cholesterol treatment drugs that recently has been shown to have antioxidant effects in the cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atorvastatin on in vitro growth and quality of immature mouse oocytes.

Oocytes of 40 NMRI mice were removed after stimulation of ovulation and placed in culture medium. The oocytes were divided into two groups of 200 including control (culture medium) and atorvastatin group (culture medium + 2 μM atorvastatin). Then oocyte qualitative parameters of Zona pellucida thickness (ZP), Perivitelline space size (PVS) and egg diameter (OD) were determined using invert microscope and image-J software.

Quantitative parameters of Zona pellucida thickness and oocyte diameter were increased in the atorvastatin group compared to the control group. In the evaluation of oocytes quality, the number of oocytes with +1 score in the atorvastatin and control groups were (70%) and (55.4%) respectively, and the difference between the two group was significant (p≤0.05). The number of polar bodies with +1 score in the atorvastatin and control groups were (36.18%) and (18.5%) respectively (p≤0.05).

The use of atorvastatin has a significant effect on the growth and final quality of immature oocytes in vitro and in the future, it could possibly be used to increase the efficiency of in vitro fertilization

 Cryopreservation is one of the common techniques in fertility-infertility, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) causingsperm cell damage and impairs function and leads to reduced fertility.In diagnosing cryopreserved sperm fertility potential, assessment of various markers has an effective role in the treatment of infertility patients. variable markers of sperm genomic material integrity is costly. In this study, the possible effect of biotin and folic acid on sperm parameters including: motility, viability, morphology, chromatin damage, membrane integrity of frozen and thawed sperm in normozoospermic men has been investigated.

In this experimental study, 30 sperm samples were collected from normozoospermic men aged 25-45 years. [S1] [DD2] Each sample was divided into five parts. Includes fresh pre-cryopreservation group, cryopreservation control groups, biotin (10 mM), folic acid (50 nM) and combination of biotin (10 mM) and folic acid (50 nM). Cryopreserved for two weeks according to the common freezing technique in most infertility reproductive centers at -196 ° C and then thawed. Samples were examined before and after freezing for sperm motility and morphology with computer-aided sperm analysis software. Sperm viability was assessed by eosin-negrosin staining, chromatin density was assessed by toluidine blue (TB) staining and membrane integrity was assessed by HOST (Hypo Osmotic swelling Test) respectively.

Before cryopreservation, motility,viability, morphology, chromatin density quality, sperm membrane integrity washigher in all groups and immotile sperms were lower in all groups than before cryopreservation (p <0.001). After cryopreservation, the quality of chromatin was higher in the folic acid group than in the biotin + folic acid and biotin groups, and all three groups were higher than the control group. The mean sperm life with normal shape in all three groups was higher than the control group. Percentage of sperm with healthy membrane in folic acid group was higher than biotin group and combination of both, and all three groups were more than control(p <0.001). While after cryopreservation the positive correlation was seen between sperm chromatin quality and sperm membrane integrity.

Biotin and folic acid had a protective effect on chromatin quality, healthy membrane, sperm life and played an important role in maintaining sperm parameters after cryopreservation.

 

Anal surgeries are prevalent, but they didnt perform as outpatient surgeries because of concerns about postoperative pain. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of rectal acetaminophen and diclofenac on postoperative analgesia after anal surgeries in adult patients.

In this study 70 patients who scheduled for haemorrhoidectomy were randomized to receive either a single dose of rectal acetaminophen (n=35) and rectal diclofenac (n=35). Pain score measured by VAS system in 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Data analyzed by repeated measurements ANOVA test.

pain scores were lower significantly in rectal diclofenac than the other group. The period between administration of the suppositories and the patients first request to receive analgesic in diclofenac group was 183.14±26.98 minutes, was significantly longer compared with acetaminophen group (166.85±27.30 minutes).

Diclofenac suppository is more effective than acetaminophen suppository in post hemorrhoidectomy pain management. The use of diclofenac suppositories in reducing postoperative pain can result in more satisfactory results.

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is now a major global health problem. This study aimed to simultaneously determine factors affecting the change in TCD4+ lymphocyte count and survival of HIV patients in the Kermanshah province, using joint model with longitudinal and survival measurements.

This retrospective cohort study included information from 614 HIV+ patient receiving antiretroviral therapy during 2001-2018 in the Registry of Behavioral Disease Counseling Center of Kermanshah Province and including variables Longitudinal TCD4+ and survival of patients (time interval of diagnosis HIV until death) was the response. Then, using a joint model, we determined the relationship between TCD4+ and survival of patients. Data analysis was performed using the R (3.4.3) software package JM and significance level were considered 0.05.

In the joint model, sex, age of diagnosis, marital status, history of addiction, educational level, time and tuberculosis had a significant effect with TCD4+ lymphocyte count (p<0.05). Tuberculosis (HR=2.624) was found to be an effective risk factor for HIV death (p<0.001). There was a significant relationship between the two responses (p<0.001), So that per unit decrease in the number of TCD4+ lymphocytes over the time lead to 36.5% increase in risk of death.

considering that HIV+ patients are exposed risk at the tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, a decrease in the number of TCD4 + lymphocytes may be a good indicator of the prognostic for death in HIV patients.

Anti-inflammatory compounds are effective in improving the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aloe vera extract on the inflammatory factors affecting acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis.

32 male Wistar rats are divided in 4 groups of 8 including: control group, untreated colitis group, colitis group treated with aloe vera at a dose of 200 mg / kg and sulfasalazine group as a standard treatment drug at a dose of 500 mg /kg two days before induction of colitis and up to 5 days after induction of colitis. Experimental colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of 2 ml of 3% acetic acid in animals. Rats were sacrificed on the eighth day after induction of colitis and some factors involved in inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10 And cyclooxygenase 2 (COX II) activity and PGE2 levels were measured in colon tissue.

Inflammation induced in colon  by acetic acid injection. Sulfasalazine and aloe vera reduced the inflammatory factor of tumor necrosis factor alpha and increased anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 in colon tissue. But there is no effect on the COX II and PGE2 levels in colon tissue.

These results suggest that aloe vera could possibly improve colitis by suppressing inflammatory promoting factors and increasing anti-inflammatory factors.

Beam shaper applicator is one of the dedicated applicators for intraoperative electron radiotherapy which is usually employed for large tumors irradiation. Due to the high weight and impossibility of direct placement on the patient’s body, a significant air gap exists between the applicator and patient. Therefore, knowing the effective position of electron source (SSDeff) is quiet essential to correct the applicator output for this air gap effect and deliver an accurate prescribed dose to the patient. The current research aims to determine the SSDeff for all produced square fields by beam shaper applicator at different electron energies using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation.

At first, the head of LIAC accelerator in conjunction with beam shaper applicator was simulated by MCNPX MC code and then, the validity of the simulated model was evaluated through comparing the calculated percentage depth dose (PDD) curves at different field sizes and energies with the corresponding measured ones. After verifying the simulated model, the SSDeff was determined for different field sizes and electron energies using inverse square law (ISL) method.

The obtained results showed that the SSDeff is a function of electron energy and field size. Dependency of SSDeff  on field size variations was much more than variations of electron energy. Generally, the SSDeff increments with either increasing the field size or electron energy.

The determined SSDeff values for the electron beam of the beam shaper applicator at the current study, can be applied to correct the electron beam output in clinical practice.

Numerous studies conducted in Iran have shown that the quality of documentation of medical records by physicians and medical staff is not very satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of medical records documentation in a teaching hospital, Tohid, in Sanandaj, Iran.

In a descriptive-analytical study, the medical records of all patients admitted to various services of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in the first six months of 2017 were examined. The investigated variables were collected using a checklist based on the national regulations for the documentation of medical records prepared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (Deputy of Treatment). Data were analyzed using SPSS V.20 software and Chi-squared test.

In the present study, the correct diagnosis registration, in accordance with the principles of diagnosis, was observed in 61% of admission forms and the first visit of the physician was recorded in 66% of cases. Compared with the standard, 84% of patients had a visit to a specialist within half an hour of being admitted to the hospital. More than half of the history sheets and most of the initial, daily, and final reports were incomplete. The percentage of evaluation of professors from the history sheets of residents, interns and externs was 41%, 22% and 10%, respectively. About 66 percent of the doctorchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s prescriptions were properly recorded in the files. The correct registration of medical orders in interns and residents was 69% and 88%, respectively. Medical orders recorded by professors were recorded in 54% of cases without defects. The lowest number of defects was observed in the professors of neurology and emergency medicine and the most cases of defects were observed in the service of the professors of the cardiology. Failure to record the time and date was observed in 80% and 14% of the medical orders, respectively. Emergency medicine records differed significantly from other cases in that they had the correct diagnosis in accordance with the principles of diagnosis, and emergency medicine professors had more control over the recording of information in various forms of each case.

Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to hold training courses on proper documentation of medical records for physicians and learners in this field and more precise supervision of professors and physicians treating studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) performance in all educational hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

An accurate cell injection in therapeutic methods is one of the most important and challenging stages in animal and human cell therapy. The aim of this study is to design and fabricate a device for injecting stem cells into the subretinal space and the vitreous body in degenerative eye diseases.

In this study, the primary map of the device and the metal molds were prepared and the appropriate tool for the machine was made. The pieces of the device were produced by the CNC machine respectively and assembled to each other. To verifying the device function, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used and the injection of fluorescein into the subretinal space was done in rats. Tissue samples were examined six hours and 24 hours after injection by fluorescent microscope.

The results of IHC showed that six hours and 24 hours after the injection, fluorescein dye was observed in the sub-retinal space, between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina. Eye histologic layers showed minimal damage due to the insertion of needle and there was no disorganization in the retina.

This study revealed that the micro-injector had been able to inject fluorescein into the subretinal space accurately. It seems that this device has the ability to inject stem cells into the retina properly and can be used in animal models.
keywords: Micro-injector, Stem cells, Subretinal space, Rat.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) counted as a chronic, epidemic, and progressive neurotic system that patients or afflicted persons are experience and exposure to physical and emotional side effects in a lifetime. Present research attributions mapped at the comparative scrutiny of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) effectiveness on Fatigue amongst the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.

This study was conducted within the framework of a clinical trial design with pre-test, post-test. Among patients with MS who referred to the Neurology department of Baqiyatallah Hospital, 30 were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. The Fatigue Severity Scale in MS patients (FSS) was used, which was completed in pre-treatment (pre-test) and post-treatment (post-test) stages

outcomes showed that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) with a little different and as the same lead/cause to progression and improvement of the diminishment of severity Fatigue reported a meaningful decrease in severity Fatigue rather than pre-test scores.

results indicated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) as the same as the other can affect the progression and improvement of the diminishment of the severity of Fatigue.

 Food is the fundamental need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and be healthy. Gastrointestinal tract (GI) microbiota involves beneficial microorganisms that develop therapeutic effects and are characterize as probiotics. The studies on appropriate probiotic strains have led to the separation and description of specific metabolic byproducts of probiotics named postbiotics. 

 A literature review has been performing using PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases using combinations of search terms “probiotic, postbiotic, immune system, bioactivity, cancer, health-promoting, food, and pharmaceutical industry”. All experimental studies were enrolling for this explanatory review. Articles that did not have a full text were excluded.

 The probiotics must maintain their survival against inappropriate growth conditions of the processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and digestion system so that they can play their most health effects. Conversely, probiotic metabolites have successfully overcome these unfavorable conditions and maybe a good alternative to probiotics. Due to their specific chemical structure, safe profile, long shelf-life, and the fact that they contain various signaling molecules, postbiotics may have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation, and antioxidant activities.

 Postbiotics is mimic the fundamental and clinical role of probiotics, and due to their unique characteristics, can be applied in a delivery system (pharmaceutical/functional foods) to achieve health-promoting, prevention, and treatment purposes.