نشریه دانش شهرسازی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 16، پاییز 1400)

A Review of Iranian Planning critiques indicates significant points in relation to the quality of professional planning activities, research outputs and its knowledge production system. It is supposed that current knowledge, research and profession defections and shortcomings that each experience individually are the result of a general flaw in the relationship between all of them. However, the question is how the content of the Iranian planning knowledge-research relationship is defined and what content Planning PhD Theses in order to improve the Iranian planning knowledge, should cover?

Establishing PhD planning courses in various world universities have a significant history and its research outcomes have been trying to enrich planning knowledge base. Iranian PhD Planning courses began in 1968 at the University of Tehran. Since 2009, Shahid Beheshti and Tarbiat Modares universities, then other universities have joined this movement. This study aims to find out the effects of PhD Planning theses on the content of Iranian planning knowledge during these years and what role should they play in the coming years?

This article is a fundamental research type and the research method is based on qualitative content analysis. Therefore, 461 English PhD Planning theses, 20199 English articles, 5199 Persian articles and 123 Persian PhD Planning Theses were analyzed as study samples.

The study showed that the categories of philosophy and theories have been the first priority in both planning knowledge and research of the world as well as in Iran.

Comparing the relationship between Iranian and global knowledge-research, indicates that the PhD researchers can determine three goals to choose the subject of their theses. These goals include: enriching Iranian planning knowledge, take a step in the direction of global planning knowledge or considering a combination of these two goals. Based on the selection of each of these goals, a list of thematic priorities is proposed for PhD researchers.Keywords: PhD Theses, Planning Research, Planning Knowledge, Qualitative Content Analysis.

Historical textures are the main and important parts of cities that have unique historical and cultural values. Today, Cities witness the loss of this precious heritage through unconventional construction without regard for cultural and historical values. In order to prevent the destruction of these tissues, it is necessary to use an effective and practical method.

the main purpose of the present research is to analyze the use of the TDR for protecting the historical texture of Urmia.

Research in terms of purpose is an applied research and is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its nature. The theoretical foundations of the research were obtained through documentary-library studies and in order to study the scope of the study, the criteria for determining the areas of sending and receiving were extracted and using Delphi and AHP methods, importance of the criteria is determined, and then, using GIS software, the sending and receiving zones are identified and prioritized. Then, by compilation and design a program for the transfer development right to planned in the designated areas.

The research results indicate that the TDR approach identifies areas susceptible to development throughout the city of Urmia and the transfer of the right to develop historic property owners to these areas and if the building density of the base is 120% and the ratio of the right of development 20% to 80%, it will have the ability to execute and protect the historical texture of Urmia and it's a sure way to protect this texture.Highlight: Although the Right to Development (TDR) approach is not a new approach in developed countries such as the United States, which was the beginning of the formation of this approach, but this method is a new approach in developing countries such as Iran, which can be used using its mechanisms. Protect important and valuable areas from damage caused by destruction, especially historic buildings in cities

One of the current challenges in the life of metropolises is the existence of visual pollution caused by urban advertising along with other environmental pollution. It seems that with the growth and expansion of cities, its scope is increasing. Today, urban advertising is one of the services required by cities, and if it is not properly designed and arranged in urban space, it can affect the quality of appearance and urban landscape and create a range of visual pollution in the urban landscape.

The main purpose of this research is to reduce the visual pollution caused by urban advertising from the urban landscape and also to rank the impact of physical components and indicators of urban advertising in creating visual pollution in the urban landscape and to provide solutions to reduce this pollution in Tehran.

The research is based on quantitative survey method and questionnaire in the field of physical indicators of urban advertising includes design indicators, location of urban advertising structure and graphic design of advertising message. After validation and reliability of indicators and items, 399 citizens of Tehran were conducted as a research sample and the results of the questionnaire were analyzed in the structural equation model (SEM) and the effect of each of them on visual pollution was ranked.

The research findings show that the most important physical indicators of urban advertising in the field of visual pollution are the location of the advertising structure, structural design and graphic design of the advertising message, respectively. Also, the most important sub-indices of each of the indicators are as follows: In the structure location index, the density of structures, non-alignment of union boards, respectively, blocking of natural landscapes and legibility of urban signboards are the most important factors in the index of structural design, shape, lighting system and structure height, and in the graphic design index, the number of words, abbreviations and images of graphic design images.

The present study tries to focus on identifying and ranking the components affecting the visual pollution of cities due to environmental advertising and it seems that different components and variables are effective in this regard. Although it cannot be expected that all the items mentioned in this study will be implemented in practice in an integrated manner, but it is possible to use the results of this study to change the criteria related to this area.

The issue of air pollution and the decline in the metropolitans’ air quality over the next 30 years will be one of the most catastrophic challenges and the leading cause of premature death worldwide. It seems that along with the booming growth of the urban population, physical changes which have been resulted from the use of traditional approaches in urban planning and design, have led to a decline in urban air quality.

By a comprehensive review of natural ventilation literature, the present study aims to provide a theoretical and operational framework for conceptualization and measuring the quality of urban natural ventilation in the local level (neighborhood and block).

Being a survey- case study research, the article intends to explain the main components of the concept of urban natural ventilation, to determine the factors affecting urban natural ventilation and the dimensions affected by urban ventilation (in the local level), in order to extract the general indicators for measuring the quality of natural ventilation in urban areas.

By presenting five effective factors on natural ventilation, and five affected areas of natural ventilation based on their scale, the conceptual model of the research which shows a comprehensive connection among the influential components has been provided. In addition, by using the Goeller evaluation matrix, 35 morphological indicators which have been extracted from the literature review have been ranked, and 10 main indicators have been selected as the first priorities to assess the condition of natural ventilation in urban areas.

Identifying the 10 morphological indicators, affecting natural ventilation, suggests that the application of these indicators for a ventilation-based urban development may conflict with some general development guidelines of other urban approaches such as Sustainability and the Compact City approach. Therefore, it appears necessary to conduct multifaceted solutions based on contextual circumstances.

The evolution of urban planning from the technical to the political, which has been reflected in the Iranian scholars' works in recent years, has led to the importance of issues in the field of social sciences in planning. Moreover, with the invalidating universal rules in planning, the socio-historical context has played a more prominent role. In our new knowledge system, the explanation of the historical situation of Iran is based on two approaches: Orientalism (with a Eurocentric perspective) and localism (reaction to orientalism). Both of these approaches have been made possible based on constructing the "other" and with an essentialist view, in which less attention has been paid to the complexities of historical reality. In recent years, with the critique of both approaches, a new space for speaking and conceptualization has emerged, which emphasizes the positive reading and immanent analysis of the historical reality of Iran. This paper is seeking to identify existing readings of the historical experience of urban planning in Iran by showing the role of the context issue in urban planning. These readings include a) the relative success of planning in the technical dimension b) the failure of planning in Iran c) the lack of formation of planning in Iran, d) the essential nature of planning in Iran and e) the transition view of planning (with two aspects focusing on the past and The future and thus the suspension of the present as well as the emerging space of immanent reading). These readings which we called narratives are related to explaining the situation of Iran in the social sciences and our new system of knowledge. Using special mechanisms (such as generalism, comparison, and absenteeism), it has become difficult to conceptualize the historical facts of urban planning. Along with the social sciences, here, in some later narratives, there are signs of a new space for an immanent reading of the experience of urban planning.

The neighborhood is not only a place and environment for human and shelter activities, but also a phenomenon that human beings, in their interaction with it, give meaning to and become attached to. But today, the sense of belonging to the place in the old and historical neighborhoods is at a low level due to the negligence of the relevant organizations.

This study analyzes the factors and components of the sense of belonging to the place in Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and content of the work and is of survey type. Statistical population, population of Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz, which is equal to 17952 people. The sample size of the Cochran's formula was 376. The sampling method is randomly simple. Cronbach's alpha wasused to examine the reliability of the questionnaire. To test the research questions, the normality of the data wasirst tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis wereused for the second time. The calculations wereperformed on SPSS and Amos software.

The fitness index (GFI) is 0.915, which indicates that this amount is acceptable for the optimal fit of the model. The root value of the mean squares of the estimated error (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable considering that it is smaller than 0.88 and indicates the approval of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) is 0.906, the Adaptive Adjustment Index (CFI) is 0.903, and the PNFI Index is 0.71, which all indicate the desired fit and confirmation of the research model.

Showed that the passage of time with a factor of 0.96 has the greatest effect on the sense of belonging to the place. It isfollowed by readability and accessibility, visual richness, furniture and equipment, emotionality, spatial quality, social interactions, beauty and symbols and identity.

The Disaster Risk Reduction Management Process aims to strengthen community resilience, a range of theoretical concepts and practical measures in terms of planning policy and control at three stages before, during, and after disasters. Cities, as centers of demographic, economic, and social concentration, are periodically involved in some pervasive crises. This paper examines the prevalence of Covid 19 virus from different perspectives, expresses the necessary actions and changes in conceptual attitudes to the city to control and adapt to new conditions. For this purpose, referring to the scientific texts related to urban planning and design in the global discourse after Corona's arrival and its adaptation to the current conditions of urban planning and design in Iran, global policies have been deduced and extracted and its validity in Iran is also discussed. For this purpose, by searching for keywords related to the research topic in reputable scientific and research websites and in the time period (2019-2020) related to the onset of the virus outbreak until its completion, up to 50 scientific articles were reviewed and explored. The basic concepts were extracted and expanded. After exploratory and analytical review, the relationship between the components was measured and integrated analysis in the form of procedural and substantive concepts related to urban planning knowledge was reviewed and reviewed. Based on research findings, cities with extended open spaces in public realms, with transparent spatial data management systems and participatory actions related to the temporal analysis of events, have better opportunities to implement urban planning and design ideas in the management of epidemics. Openness, transparent, participatory cities are better equipped to manage epidemics than other cities. After the Corona era, new spatial-temporal concepts of mixing real-virtual environments in workplaces and living spaces, new spatial compositions of public arenas in the activity system, and scenarios sensitive to the time of disease development. The qualities that provide the ability to separate in the system of activity and movement and access through the combination of layers of natural and artificial environments in the hierarchy based on time-flow management-based of functions, also activity and movement will make tangible changes.

City and urban spaces play an essential role in shaping social life and community identity. The perception of these spaces is the result of human sensory experience of the environment; which perceived through multiple sensory channels such as vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. The vast and profound sensory experience of all senses is referred to as sensory richness.The dynamics and acceptance of any urban space can be seen in the extent to which people use it. As places look more like each other, today's urban spaces are in senses isolation. Paying attention senses richness in designing, has the potential to provide a distinct place experience for individuals. Azadi Park is one of the active gardens in the city of Shiraz which in addition to having positive spatial elements, accommodates a wide range of negative spatial elements which affects the decline of sensory richness. The first effective action is recognition and recording of various sensory stimuli that can be remedied with a comprehensive view of the deficiencies in order to solve this problem This study aimed to reveal the importance of sensory richness in urban spaces, its determinants and sensory richness analysis in Shiraz Azadi Park. The method used in this study was descriptive-analytical. The modified version of sensory notation technique and sensory richness sensory analysis in Shiraz Azadi Garden were analyzed and evaluated to achieve the desired result after studying the theoretical foundations and introducing the criteria of sensory richness evaluation. The findings of this study indicate that the effect of sensory components in the garden is moderate, and no attention has been paid to the stimulus elements of all senses in its design and it has a negative impact on people's experience and perception. Therefore, focusing on the components of all senses is a desirable way to improve the sensory richness of this garden.